高原鼢鼠干扰下高寒草甸无脊椎动物分布与环境因子的关系
|
摘要
为了解高原鼢鼠干扰对高寒草甸无脊椎动物类群组成及其数量的影响,选取青藏高原祁连山东段天祝县高原鼢鼠栖息地,用鼠丘数量代表干扰强度,设置高,中和低3个干扰区并调查各区植被群落特征、土壤理化性状和无脊椎动物类群及其数量。采用多元排序分析无脊椎动物类群对栖息环境条件变化的响应因子。各区共捕获无脊椎动物累计9目317只,其中,高、中和低强度干扰区无脊椎动物类群分别是9目,8目和8目;不同干扰区无脊椎动物优势类群不同。鞘翅目成虫,柄眼目和鳞翅目幼虫是共有优势类群,鞘翅目幼虫是高强度和中强度干扰区优势类群,而双翅目幼虫是中低干扰区优势类群;伴随高原鼢鼠干扰强度增加,无脊椎动物总密度和植食动物密度明显增加,高干扰区无脊椎动物总密度显著高于低干扰区(P<0.05),植食性无脊椎动物密度也显著高于低干扰区(P<0.05);冗余分析和偏冗余分析表明,土壤紧实度和含水量是影响高寒草甸无脊椎动物类群组成和分布的主要环境因子。高原鼢鼠通过改变高寒草甸土壤物理性状进而影响无脊椎动物群落组成及其数量。
In order to clarify the effect of plateau zoker disturbance on invertebrate,the community structure and population quantity of both plant and invertebrate,and soil properties were studied in Tianzhu County,located in the eastern Qilian Mountain region.And by using the number of zoker mound as the disturbance factor,three plots with different zoker mound numbers were selected to conduct the investigation.RDA was used to analyze the response factors of invertebrate groups to the changes of habitat conditions.A total of 317 larger soil animal individuals belonged to 9 orders were collected in the study area.There were 9 orders,8 orders and 8 orders of invertebrate respectively existing in zoker disturbance plots with high intensity,medium intensity and low intensity.Coleoptera,Stylommatophora and Lepidoptera(larvae) were the common dominant groups in three plots,and Coleoptera(larvae) only appeared in the plot of high and medium zoker disturbance intensity.Dipterahr(larvae) only appeared in the plot of medium and low pika disturbance intensity.Along with the zoker disturbance intensity,the density of invertebrate increased significantly,similarly,the density of phytophagous increased significantly.The RDA analyses revealed that soil compaction and soil moisture were the environmental driving factors for invertebrate distribution under zoker disturbance in alpine meadow.Zoker disturbance affected soil properties,and then affected invertebrate and its population number.
In order to clarify the effect of plateau zoker disturbance on invertebrate,the community structure and population quantity of both plant and invertebrate,and soil properties were studied in Tianzhu County,located in the eastern Qilian Mountain region.And by using the number of zoker mound as the disturbance factor,three plots with different zoker mound numbers were selected to conduct the investigation.RDA was used to analyze the response factors of invertebrate groups to the changes of habitat conditions.A total of 317 larger soil animal individuals belonged to 9 orders were collected in the study area.There were 9 orders,8 orders and 8 orders of invertebrate respectively existing in zoker disturbance plots with high intensity,medium intensity and low intensity.Coleoptera,Stylommatophora and Lepidoptera(larvae) were the common dominant groups in three plots,and Coleoptera(larvae) only appeared in the plot of high and medium zoker disturbance intensity.Dipterahr(larvae) only appeared in the plot of medium and low pika disturbance intensity.Along with the zoker disturbance intensity,the density of invertebrate increased significantly,similarly,the density of phytophagous increased significantly.The RDA analyses revealed that soil compaction and soil moisture were the environmental driving factors for invertebrate distribution under zoker disturbance in alpine meadow.Zoker disturbance affected soil properties,and then affected invertebrate and its population number.
引文
[1] 董炜华,李晓强,宋扬.土壤动物在土壤有机质形成中的作用[J].土壤,2016,48(2):211-218.
[2] Seastedt T.The Role of Microarthropods in decomposition and mineralization processes[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1984,29(26):25-46.
[3] 朱永恒,赵春雨,王宗英,等.我国土壤动物群落生态学研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1477-1481.
[4] Richard J H.The future of restoration ecology:challenges and opportunities[J].Restoration Ecology,2005,13(2):239-241.
[5] 吴鹏飞,张洪芝,崔丽巍,等.大型土壤动物群落对高寒草甸退化的响应[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):786-799.
[6] 张洪芝,吴鹏飞,崔丽巍.高寒草甸大型土壤动物群落结构特征及其与环境的关系[J].土壤学报,2012,49(6):1267-1273.
[7] 殷秀琴,张桂荣.森林凋落物与大型土壤动物相关关系的研究[J].应用生态学报,1993,4(2):167-173.
[8] 廖崇惠,李健雄,黄海涛.南亚热带森林土壤动物群落多样性研究[J].生态学报,1997,17(5):99-105.
[9] 孙飞达,郭正刚,尚占环,等.高原鼠兔洞穴密度对高寒草甸土壤理化性质的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):378-383.
[10] 王德利,李心诚,潘多峰,等.青藏高原草地鼠害的生态释义及控制[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(3):237-245.
[11] 刘锦上.高原鼢鼠的洞道空间对高寒草甸植被性状的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009.
[12] 卫万荣.高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠种群消长规律及其与植被关系的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2018.
[13] 张堰铭,刘季科.高原鼢鼠对高寒草甸植被特征及生产力的影响[J].兽类学报,2002,22(3):201-210.
[14] 于海玲,樊江文,李愈哲,等.高原鼢鼠干扰对三江源区高寒草甸群落特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(6):1902-1910.
[15] 楚彬,花立民,周延山,等.祁连山东段不同放牧强度下高原鼢鼠栖息地选择分析[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):179-186.
[16] 尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:393-701.
[17] Cunningham G M.Modified step pointing a rapid method of assessing vegetative cover[J].Journal of the Soil Conservation Service of New South Wales,1975,10:256-265.
[18] 土壤理化分析.中国科学院南京土壤研究所[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978:271-393.
[19] Doblas-Miranda E,Francisco Sánchez-Pinero,Adela Gon-zález-Megías.Soil macroinvertebrate fauna of a Mediterranean arid system:Composition and temporal changes in the assemblage[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2007,39(8):1916-1923.
[20] Braak C J F T,Smilauer P.CANOCO reference manual and user's guide to CANOCO for windows:Software for canonical community ordination[M].New York:Microcomputer Power,Ithaca,2002.
[21] Lososova Z,Chytry M,Cimalova S,et al.Weed vegetation of arable land in central Europe:Gradients of diversity and species composition[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2004,15(3):415-422.
[22] Yurkewycz R P,Bishop J G,Crisafulli C M,et al.Gopher mounds decrease nutrient cycling rates and increase adjacent vegetation in volcanic primary succession[J].Oecologia,2014,176(4):1135-1150.
[23] 周延山,花立民,楚彬,等.高原鼢鼠繁殖特性与其栖息草地质量的关系[J].兽类学报,2017,37(1):87-96.
[24] 路凯亮,滕悦,李俊兰.围封对内蒙古退化典型草原大型土壤动物群落多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(9):2680-2689.
[25] Set?l? H,Marshall V G,Trofymow J A.Influence of micro-and macro-habitat factors on collembola communities in Douglas- fir stumps during forest succession[J].Applied Soil Ecology,1995,2(4):227-242.
[26] 刘继亮,李锋瑞.干旱区绿洲扩张方式对土壤生物优势类群及功能的影响[J].生物多样性,2018,26(10):1116-1126.
[2] Seastedt T.The Role of Microarthropods in decomposition and mineralization processes[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1984,29(26):25-46.
[3] 朱永恒,赵春雨,王宗英,等.我国土壤动物群落生态学研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1477-1481.
[4] Richard J H.The future of restoration ecology:challenges and opportunities[J].Restoration Ecology,2005,13(2):239-241.
[5] 吴鹏飞,张洪芝,崔丽巍,等.大型土壤动物群落对高寒草甸退化的响应[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):786-799.
[6] 张洪芝,吴鹏飞,崔丽巍.高寒草甸大型土壤动物群落结构特征及其与环境的关系[J].土壤学报,2012,49(6):1267-1273.
[7] 殷秀琴,张桂荣.森林凋落物与大型土壤动物相关关系的研究[J].应用生态学报,1993,4(2):167-173.
[8] 廖崇惠,李健雄,黄海涛.南亚热带森林土壤动物群落多样性研究[J].生态学报,1997,17(5):99-105.
[9] 孙飞达,郭正刚,尚占环,等.高原鼠兔洞穴密度对高寒草甸土壤理化性质的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):378-383.
[10] 王德利,李心诚,潘多峰,等.青藏高原草地鼠害的生态释义及控制[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(3):237-245.
[11] 刘锦上.高原鼢鼠的洞道空间对高寒草甸植被性状的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009.
[12] 卫万荣.高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠种群消长规律及其与植被关系的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2018.
[13] 张堰铭,刘季科.高原鼢鼠对高寒草甸植被特征及生产力的影响[J].兽类学报,2002,22(3):201-210.
[14] 于海玲,樊江文,李愈哲,等.高原鼢鼠干扰对三江源区高寒草甸群落特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(6):1902-1910.
[15] 楚彬,花立民,周延山,等.祁连山东段不同放牧强度下高原鼢鼠栖息地选择分析[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):179-186.
[16] 尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:393-701.
[17] Cunningham G M.Modified step pointing a rapid method of assessing vegetative cover[J].Journal of the Soil Conservation Service of New South Wales,1975,10:256-265.
[18] 土壤理化分析.中国科学院南京土壤研究所[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978:271-393.
[19] Doblas-Miranda E,Francisco Sánchez-Pinero,Adela Gon-zález-Megías.Soil macroinvertebrate fauna of a Mediterranean arid system:Composition and temporal changes in the assemblage[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2007,39(8):1916-1923.
[20] Braak C J F T,Smilauer P.CANOCO reference manual and user's guide to CANOCO for windows:Software for canonical community ordination[M].New York:Microcomputer Power,Ithaca,2002.
[21] Lososova Z,Chytry M,Cimalova S,et al.Weed vegetation of arable land in central Europe:Gradients of diversity and species composition[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2004,15(3):415-422.
[22] Yurkewycz R P,Bishop J G,Crisafulli C M,et al.Gopher mounds decrease nutrient cycling rates and increase adjacent vegetation in volcanic primary succession[J].Oecologia,2014,176(4):1135-1150.
[23] 周延山,花立民,楚彬,等.高原鼢鼠繁殖特性与其栖息草地质量的关系[J].兽类学报,2017,37(1):87-96.
[24] 路凯亮,滕悦,李俊兰.围封对内蒙古退化典型草原大型土壤动物群落多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(9):2680-2689.
[25] Set?l? H,Marshall V G,Trofymow J A.Influence of micro-and macro-habitat factors on collembola communities in Douglas- fir stumps during forest succession[J].Applied Soil Ecology,1995,2(4):227-242.
[26] 刘继亮,李锋瑞.干旱区绿洲扩张方式对土壤生物优势类群及功能的影响[J].生物多样性,2018,26(10):1116-1126.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |