人力资本、符号资本对种粮大户经营绩效影响的实证研究
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摘要
种粮大户的经营绩效对水稻种植的积极性有直接影响,探讨种粮大户经营绩效的影响因素对保证粮食安全具有重要意义。本文基于中部5省水稻种植大户的调研数据,采用回归分析方法,分析人力资本与符号资本对经营绩效的影响,探讨其对规模化程度调节作用的响应。结果表明:种粮大户的人力资本分为"一般型"、"技能型"、"管理型"和"创新型",符号资本包括有"内部"和"外部"符号资本。种粮大户平均种植规模为6.67hm2,经营绩效的平均得分是4.860,经营绩效处于中等水平,有进一步提高的空间。人力资本和符号资本对经营绩效有显著的正向影响,规模化程度调节了不同类型的人力资本与符号资本对经营绩效的影响。相较于大规模种粮大户,当种粮大户的规模较小时,一般型人力资本和技能型人力资本对经营绩效的影响更强;村庄内部符号资本对经营绩效的影响更强。相较于小规模种粮大户,当种粮大户的规模较大时,管理型人力资本和创新型人力资本对经营绩效的影响更强;村庄外部符号资本对经营绩效的影响更强。研究表明,种粮大户可以根据自身经营规模进行不同类型的人力资本和符号资本投入以获得最佳绩效回报。因此,提出地方政府要鼓励和引导种粮大户适度地开展人力资本和符号资本的投资,适度扩大种植规模的建议。
The business performance of the large grain-households has a direct impact on the production enthusiasm of farmers. It is of a great significance to explore the factors affecting the performance of the large grain-households.Based on a survey data of the large grain-households in the five central provinces and applying the regression analysis,this paper analyzed the influences of the human capital and the symbolic capital on business performance and discussed its response to the moderation of the scale degree. Results show that: the human capital of the large grain-households is divided into different categories, including "general", "technical", "managing" and "innovative". The symbolic capital included "internal" and "external" categories. The average production scale of the large grain-households is 6.67 hm2,and the average score of business performance is 4.860. The business performance is at a medium level and there is a potential to further improve. The human capital and the symbolic capital have significant positive impacts on business performances. The scale degree has moderated the impacts of different types of the human capital and the symbolic capital on business performance. Compared with the large scale grain-households, when the scale of the large grainhouseholds is small, the general human capital and the technical human capital have stronger impacts on business performance. The influence of the internal symbolic capital on business performance is stronger. Compared with the small-scale grain-households, the managing capital of those large-scale grain-households is large, and the managing human capital and the innovative human capital have stronger impacts on business performance. While the influence of the external symbolic capital on business performance is stronger. Results also indicate that the large grain-households can invest in different types of the human capital and the symbolic capital according to their operating scales to achieve the best performance returns. Therefore, it is proposed that local governments should encourage and guide the large grainhouseholds to appropriately invest in the human capital and the symbolic capital and to increase the scale of production.
The business performance of the large grain-households has a direct impact on the production enthusiasm of farmers. It is of a great significance to explore the factors affecting the performance of the large grain-households.Based on a survey data of the large grain-households in the five central provinces and applying the regression analysis,this paper analyzed the influences of the human capital and the symbolic capital on business performance and discussed its response to the moderation of the scale degree. Results show that: the human capital of the large grain-households is divided into different categories, including "general", "technical", "managing" and "innovative". The symbolic capital included "internal" and "external" categories. The average production scale of the large grain-households is 6.67 hm2,and the average score of business performance is 4.860. The business performance is at a medium level and there is a potential to further improve. The human capital and the symbolic capital have significant positive impacts on business performances. The scale degree has moderated the impacts of different types of the human capital and the symbolic capital on business performance. Compared with the large scale grain-households, when the scale of the large grainhouseholds is small, the general human capital and the technical human capital have stronger impacts on business performance. The influence of the internal symbolic capital on business performance is stronger. Compared with the small-scale grain-households, the managing capital of those large-scale grain-households is large, and the managing human capital and the innovative human capital have stronger impacts on business performance. While the influence of the external symbolic capital on business performance is stronger. Results also indicate that the large grain-households can invest in different types of the human capital and the symbolic capital according to their operating scales to achieve the best performance returns. Therefore, it is proposed that local governments should encourage and guide the large grainhouseholds to appropriately invest in the human capital and the symbolic capital and to increase the scale of production.
引文
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[6]李博伟,张士云,江激宇.种粮大户人力资本、社会资本对生产效率的影响——规模化程度差异下的视角[J].农业经济问题,2016,37(5):22-31.Li B W,Zhang S Y,Jiang J Y.The human capital and social capital of large grains in different scales and influence to production efficiency[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2016,37(5):22-31.
[7]关爱萍,李静宜.人力资本、社会资本与农户贫困——基于甘肃省贫困村的实证分析[J].教育与经济,2017(1):66-74.Guan A P,Li J Y.Human capital,Social capital and rural households’poverty:Empirical analysis of poor villages in Gansu Province[J].Education&Economy,2017(1):66-74.
[8]陈洁,罗丹.种粮大户:一支农业现代化建设的重要力量[J].求是,2012(3):32-34.Chen J,Luo D.Large grain-households:An important force in agricultural modernization[J].QiuShi,2012(3):32-34.
[9]韩成英,齐振宏,朱萌.种稻大户种粮积极性影响因素实证研究——基于江苏两市的调查[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(2):310-317.Han C Y,Qi Z H,Zhu M.Study on the influencing factors of planting enthusiasm of large rice farms:Based on the survey of two cities in Jiangsu Province[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2016,37(2):310-317.
[10]Lien G,Kumbhakar S C,Hardaker J B.Determinants of off-farm work and its effects on farm performance:The case of Norwegian grain farmers[J].Agricultural Economics,2010,41(6):577-586.
[11]张士云,郑晓晓,万伟刚.销售渠道和收储设施对销售价格的影响——以安徽省种粮大户为例[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(4):623-631.Zhang S Y,Zheng X X,Wan W G.Impacts of grain distribution channels and collection and storage facilities on grain prices:Acase study of large grain growers in Anhui Province[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(4):623-631.
[12]董晓波.农民专业合作社高管团队集体创新与经营绩效关系的实证研究[J].农业技术经济,2010(8):117-122.Dong X B.Empirical study on the relationship between collective innovation and business performance for the top management teams of farmer cooperatives[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2010(8):117-122.
[13]章德宾,青平,Paul David Mitchell.蔬菜种植户间仍是差序格局下的特殊信任关系吗——某高山反季节蔬菜基地的实证研究[J].农业经济问题,2015,36(12):95-102.Zhang D B,Qing P,Mitchell P D.Is it still particular trust under grade structure between vegetable growers?A case study from off-season vegetable base in highlands of China[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2015,36(12):95-102.
[14]刘林,李光浩,王力.少数民族农户收入差距的经验证据:物质资本、人力资本抑或社会资本[J].农业技术经济,2016(5):70-79.Liu L,Li G H,Wang L.Empirical evidence of income disparity among ethnic minority farmers:Physical capital,human capital or social capital[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2016(5):70-79.
[15]速水佑次郎.发展经济学:从贫困到富裕[M].李周,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003.Hayami Y.Development Economics:From the Poverty to the Wealth of Nations[M].Clarendon Press,1997.
[16]Hanushek E A.Economic growth in developing countries:The role of human capital[J].Economics of Education Review,2013,37:204-212.
[17]杨建芳,龚六堂,张庆华.人力资本形成及其对经济增长的影响——一个包含教育和健康投入的内生增长模型及其检验[J].管理世界,2006(5):10-18.Yang J F,Gong L T,Zhang Q H.Human capital formation land its effects on economic growth[J].Management World,2006(5):10-18.
[18]徐辉,黎东升.教育型人力资本对农民收入影响的典型相关分析[J].农业技术经济,2011(8):44-49.Xu H,Li D S.Canonical correlation analysis of the influence of educational human capital on farmers’income[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2011(8):44-49.
[19]杨晶,丁士军.农村产业融合、人力资本与农户收入差距[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,16(6):1-10.Yang J,Ding S J.Rural industrial convergence,human capital and income gap[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),2017,16(6):1-10.
[20]袁富华,张平,陆明涛.长期经济增长过程中的人力资本结构——兼论中国人力资本梯度升级问题[J].经济学动态,2015(5):11-22.Yuan F H,Zhang P,Lu M T.The structure of human capital during the process of long-run growth[J].Economic Perspectives,2015(5):11-21.
[21]黄燕萍,刘榆,吴一群,等.中国地区经济增长差异:基于分级教育的效应[J].经济研究,2013,48(4):94-105.Huang Y P,Liu Y,Wu Y Q,et al.Economic growth and regional inequality in China:Effects of different levels of education[J].Economic Research Journal,2013,48(4):94-105.
[22]郭继强.人力资本投资的结构分析[J].经济学(季刊),2005,4(2):689-706.Guo J Q.Structural analysis of human capital investment[J].China Economic Quarterly,2005,4(2):689-706.
[23]陈浩.人力资本对经济增长影响的结构分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007,24(8):59-68.Chen H.A structural analysis of the human capital’s contribution to economic growth[J].The Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,2007,24(8):59-68.
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