东莞市某工业镇不同利用方式土壤铜含量特征及生态风险评价
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摘要
[目的]为了了解东莞市某工业镇土壤铜(Cu)的污染现状,对东莞某工业镇不同土地利用方式(菜地、果园、林地、荒地)123个表层土壤样品及27个果蔬样品进行了调查。[方法]采用原子吸收法测定土壤和农产品可食部分的Cu含量,利用单因子指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态指数法进行分析和评价。[结果]研究区域土壤Cu的平均含量为51.20 mg/kg,有73.17%的样点土壤Cu含量超过广东省土壤自然背景值;有16.63%的样点Cu含量高于农用地土壤污染风险管控标准筛选值(GB 15618—2018),且均为菜地土壤。不同种类农产品Cu含量和迁移系数平均值均表现为水果类>叶菜类>茄果类,但无显著性差异。[结论]不同利用方式土壤Cu含量、污染指数、地累积指数、潜在生态危害指数平均值均为菜地最高。研究区域菜地土壤Cu污染最为严重,应引起足够重视。
[Objective]An investigation was carried out in order to reveal the characteristics of copper(Cu) contamination in soils and agro-products in an industrial town in Dongguan of Guangdong Province. A total of 123 agricultural soils and 27 agro-products were sampled under four different land uses including vegetable field, orchard, woodland and uncultivated land.[Method]Cu concentration in soils and agro-products were determined by using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and Cu pollution status was assessed by three evaluation methods(index of single factor, index of geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk index).[Result]The average concentration of Cu in soils was 51.20 mg/kg, with 73.17% of tested samples above the background value of natural soil in Guangdong and 16.63% above the maximum allowable concentration of agricultural soil in China(GB 15618-2018), and all of them were vegetable field. The Cu average concentration and transfer coefficient of different agro-products followed the same order: fruits > leafy vegetables > solanaceous fruit vegetables, while no significant difference emerged.[Conclusion]The average values of index of single factor, geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index in vegetable field under different land uses were highest. Thus, the worst pollution at vegetable field found in the areas should be adequately addressed.
[Objective]An investigation was carried out in order to reveal the characteristics of copper(Cu) contamination in soils and agro-products in an industrial town in Dongguan of Guangdong Province. A total of 123 agricultural soils and 27 agro-products were sampled under four different land uses including vegetable field, orchard, woodland and uncultivated land.[Method]Cu concentration in soils and agro-products were determined by using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and Cu pollution status was assessed by three evaluation methods(index of single factor, index of geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk index).[Result]The average concentration of Cu in soils was 51.20 mg/kg, with 73.17% of tested samples above the background value of natural soil in Guangdong and 16.63% above the maximum allowable concentration of agricultural soil in China(GB 15618-2018), and all of them were vegetable field. The Cu average concentration and transfer coefficient of different agro-products followed the same order: fruits > leafy vegetables > solanaceous fruit vegetables, while no significant difference emerged.[Conclusion]The average values of index of single factor, geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index in vegetable field under different land uses were highest. Thus, the worst pollution at vegetable field found in the areas should be adequately addressed.
引文
[1] 陈卫平,杨阳,谢天,等.中国农田土壤重金属污染防治挑战与对策[J].土壤学报,2018,55(2):261-272.
[2] 郑袁明,宋波,陈同斌,等.北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜中铜含量及其健康风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1093-1101.
[3] 王松华,杨志敏,徐朗莱.植物铜素毒害及其抗性机制研究进展[J].生态环境,2003,12(3):336-341.
[4] BOST M,HOUDART S,OBERLI M,et al.Dietary copper and human health:Current evidence and unresolved issues[J].Journal of trace elements in medicine & biology,2016,35:107-115.
[5] 张琼,陆銮眉,戴清霞,等.平和典型蜜柚果园土壤铜分布及与果树铜累积关系[J].福建农业学报,2018,38(1):81-86.
[6] 王狄,李锋民,熊治廷,等.铜的植物毒性与植物蓄积的关系[J].生态环境学报,2000,9(2):146-148.
[7] 环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报(2014年4月17日)[J].环境教育,2014,20(6):8-10.
[8] 夏运生,万洪富,杨国义,等.东莞市不同区域菜地土壤重金属污染状况研究[J].生态环境,2004,13(2):170-172.
[9] 蔡立梅,马瑾,周永章,等.东莞市农田土壤和蔬菜重金属的含量特征分析[J].地理学报,2008,63(9):994-1003.
[10] 蔡立梅,马瑾,周永章,等.东莞市农业土壤重金属的空间分布特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3496-3502.
[11] 窦磊,马瑾,周永章,等.乡镇企业密集区菜地土壤重金属含量分布特征及生态效应:以东莞市为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):2048-2056.
[12] 贾亚男,袁道先.不同土地利用方式对贵州岩溶土壤微量重金属元素含量的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1174-1177.
[13] 钟来元,郭良珍.不同利用方式农用地土壤重金属污染状况及其动态变化特征:以广东省徐闻县为例[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(12):1934-1939.
[14] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:12-483.
[15] 国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.土壤质量铜、锌的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法:GB/T 17138—1997[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[16] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品中的铜测定:GB 5009.13—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[17] 中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:330-381.
[18] 生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 15618—2018[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2018.
[19] HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.A sedimentological approach[J].Water research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[20] 钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等.长江三角洲地区土壤重金属污染的空间变异特征:以江苏省太仓市为例[J].土壤学报,2007,44(1):33-40.
[21] CUI Y J,ZHU Y G,ZHAI R H,et al.Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning,China[J].Environment international,2004,30(6):785-791.
[22] KHAN S,CAO Q,ZHENG Y M,et al.Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing,China[J].Environmental pollution,2008,152(3):686-692.
[23] 王婷,张倩,杨海雪,等.农田土壤中铜的来源分析及控制阈值研究[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(4):774-784.
[24] 管滨,孙虎.不同土地利用类型下土壤铜累积状况及其污染风险控制[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(4):83-87.
[25] LI J,LU Y,YIN W,et al.Distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou,China[J].Environmental monitoring and assessment,2009,153(1):365-375.
[26] ALEXANDER P D,ALLOWAY B J,DOURADO A M.Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn exhibited by six commonly grown vegetables[J].Environmental pollution,2006,144(3):736-745.
[27] 李军辉,卢瑛,尹伟,等.佛山市某工业区周边蔬菜重金属富集特征的研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2008,29(4):17-20.
[2] 郑袁明,宋波,陈同斌,等.北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜中铜含量及其健康风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1093-1101.
[3] 王松华,杨志敏,徐朗莱.植物铜素毒害及其抗性机制研究进展[J].生态环境,2003,12(3):336-341.
[4] BOST M,HOUDART S,OBERLI M,et al.Dietary copper and human health:Current evidence and unresolved issues[J].Journal of trace elements in medicine & biology,2016,35:107-115.
[5] 张琼,陆銮眉,戴清霞,等.平和典型蜜柚果园土壤铜分布及与果树铜累积关系[J].福建农业学报,2018,38(1):81-86.
[6] 王狄,李锋民,熊治廷,等.铜的植物毒性与植物蓄积的关系[J].生态环境学报,2000,9(2):146-148.
[7] 环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报(2014年4月17日)[J].环境教育,2014,20(6):8-10.
[8] 夏运生,万洪富,杨国义,等.东莞市不同区域菜地土壤重金属污染状况研究[J].生态环境,2004,13(2):170-172.
[9] 蔡立梅,马瑾,周永章,等.东莞市农田土壤和蔬菜重金属的含量特征分析[J].地理学报,2008,63(9):994-1003.
[10] 蔡立梅,马瑾,周永章,等.东莞市农业土壤重金属的空间分布特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3496-3502.
[11] 窦磊,马瑾,周永章,等.乡镇企业密集区菜地土壤重金属含量分布特征及生态效应:以东莞市为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):2048-2056.
[12] 贾亚男,袁道先.不同土地利用方式对贵州岩溶土壤微量重金属元素含量的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1174-1177.
[13] 钟来元,郭良珍.不同利用方式农用地土壤重金属污染状况及其动态变化特征:以广东省徐闻县为例[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(12):1934-1939.
[14] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:12-483.
[15] 国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.土壤质量铜、锌的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法:GB/T 17138—1997[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[16] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品中的铜测定:GB 5009.13—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[17] 中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:330-381.
[18] 生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 15618—2018[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2018.
[19] HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.A sedimentological approach[J].Water research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[20] 钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等.长江三角洲地区土壤重金属污染的空间变异特征:以江苏省太仓市为例[J].土壤学报,2007,44(1):33-40.
[21] CUI Y J,ZHU Y G,ZHAI R H,et al.Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning,China[J].Environment international,2004,30(6):785-791.
[22] KHAN S,CAO Q,ZHENG Y M,et al.Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing,China[J].Environmental pollution,2008,152(3):686-692.
[23] 王婷,张倩,杨海雪,等.农田土壤中铜的来源分析及控制阈值研究[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(4):774-784.
[24] 管滨,孙虎.不同土地利用类型下土壤铜累积状况及其污染风险控制[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(4):83-87.
[25] LI J,LU Y,YIN W,et al.Distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou,China[J].Environmental monitoring and assessment,2009,153(1):365-375.
[26] ALEXANDER P D,ALLOWAY B J,DOURADO A M.Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn exhibited by six commonly grown vegetables[J].Environmental pollution,2006,144(3):736-745.
[27] 李军辉,卢瑛,尹伟,等.佛山市某工业区周边蔬菜重金属富集特征的研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2008,29(4):17-20.
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