兰州市交通道路主要乔灌木植物叶片重金属积累及生理特性的分析
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摘要
通过分析兰州市某交通线路两侧绿化植物叶片金属含量及其相关性,叶绿素和渗透性调节物含量的变化,探究交通线路活动造成的植物重金属污染特征及其对绿化植物生理特性的影响,为筛选适应道路环境的绿化植物提供理论依据。结果表明:在不同道路环境中植物体内重金属含量有明显的差异,路侧植物灌木月季(Rosa chinensis)、乔木冬青(Ilex chinensis)、槐树(Sophora japonica)、梧桐(Firmiana platanifolia)和碧桃(Amygdalus persica var. persica)的Cr、Pb、Ni和Zn积累量高,如冬青叶片Cr达到2.11 mg·kg~(-1),月季叶片Pb为9.14 mg·kg~(-1),Ni在碧桃和槐树叶片中的积累量分别为28.48 mg·kg~(-1)和26.42 mg·kg~(-1),十字交叉采样点的乔灌木植物Pb、Cr、Mn、Ni和Zn积累量比较高,这可能与十字路口有较多的车流量或交通活动频繁有关系。相关性和逐步回归分析表明,交通线路路侧植物体内Cr-Pb、Cr-Zn、Cr-Ca、Pb-Ni、Pb-Fe和Mn-Ni元素之间的相关性表现为显著正相关。在所有绿化植物中,松柏叶绿素含量最低,路侧槐树和碧桃的叶绿素含量最高;与对照点植物相比,路侧冬青和槐树叶片叶绿素含量显著升高,而月季叶片叶绿素含量明显降低。此外,路侧重金属含量高的环境下槐树和碧桃叶片中的脯氨酸含量高,分别达到81.42μg·g~(-1)和91.11μg·g~(-1),月季叶片积累可溶性糖增加,说明不同的绿化植物可能在不同的重金属环境中积累不同的渗透性调节物,以维持细胞渗透性平衡从而抵抗重金属胁迫。
This study analyzed metal contents and their correlation, and the amount of chlorophyll and osmotic regulators in leaves of green plants on both sides of a traffic line in Lanzhou City, in order to explore the characteristics of heavy metal pollution of plants and the effects on the physiological characteristics of green plants caused by traffic routes, and to provide a certain theoretical basis for screening green plants adapting to the road environment. The results showed that heavy metal contents had obvious differences in green plants at different road environments. Cadmium(Cr), lead(Pb), nickel(Ni) and zinc(Zn) in rose(Rosa chinensis), holly(Ilex chinensis), pagoda tree(Sophora japonica), phoenix tree(Firmiana platanifolia) and flowering peach(Amygdalus persica L. var.persica was accumulated, among them, Cr content of winter holly leaves reached 2.11 mg·kg~(-1), and Pb content of rose leaves was 9.14 mg·kg~(-1), Ni content in leaves of peach and eucalyptus was 28.48 mg·kg~(-1) and 26.42 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. And also, the accumulation of Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn in greening plants at the cross-sampling point road plants was relatively high, which might contact with traffic flow and traffic activities. The results from the analyses of correlation and stepwise regression showed that the correlation between Cr and Pb, Cr and Zn, Cr and Ca, Pb and Ni, Pb and Fe and Mn and Ni elements was significantly positive correlated in the roadside plants. Among all green plants, chlorophyll content was the lowest in cypress, and the highest in eucalyptus and peach at roadsides. Compared with the control plants, chlorophyll content of holly and eucalyptus by the roadside significantly increased, while this parameter of the rose was significantly reduced. Additionally, proline content in tleaves of pagoda tree and flowering peach increased with high heavy metal content of the environment, reaching 81.42 μg·g~(-1) and 91.11 μg·g~(-1), and the accumulation of soluble sugar increased in rose leaves, which indicated that different greening plants might accumulate different permeability regulators in different heavy metal environments to maintain cell permeability balance and thus resist the damage caused by heavy metals.
This study analyzed metal contents and their correlation, and the amount of chlorophyll and osmotic regulators in leaves of green plants on both sides of a traffic line in Lanzhou City, in order to explore the characteristics of heavy metal pollution of plants and the effects on the physiological characteristics of green plants caused by traffic routes, and to provide a certain theoretical basis for screening green plants adapting to the road environment. The results showed that heavy metal contents had obvious differences in green plants at different road environments. Cadmium(Cr), lead(Pb), nickel(Ni) and zinc(Zn) in rose(Rosa chinensis), holly(Ilex chinensis), pagoda tree(Sophora japonica), phoenix tree(Firmiana platanifolia) and flowering peach(Amygdalus persica L. var.persica was accumulated, among them, Cr content of winter holly leaves reached 2.11 mg·kg~(-1), and Pb content of rose leaves was 9.14 mg·kg~(-1), Ni content in leaves of peach and eucalyptus was 28.48 mg·kg~(-1) and 26.42 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. And also, the accumulation of Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn in greening plants at the cross-sampling point road plants was relatively high, which might contact with traffic flow and traffic activities. The results from the analyses of correlation and stepwise regression showed that the correlation between Cr and Pb, Cr and Zn, Cr and Ca, Pb and Ni, Pb and Fe and Mn and Ni elements was significantly positive correlated in the roadside plants. Among all green plants, chlorophyll content was the lowest in cypress, and the highest in eucalyptus and peach at roadsides. Compared with the control plants, chlorophyll content of holly and eucalyptus by the roadside significantly increased, while this parameter of the rose was significantly reduced. Additionally, proline content in tleaves of pagoda tree and flowering peach increased with high heavy metal content of the environment, reaching 81.42 μg·g~(-1) and 91.11 μg·g~(-1), and the accumulation of soluble sugar increased in rose leaves, which indicated that different greening plants might accumulate different permeability regulators in different heavy metal environments to maintain cell permeability balance and thus resist the damage caused by heavy metals.
引文
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BATOOL R,HAMEED M,ASHRAF M,et al.,2014.Structural and functional response to metal toxicity in aquatic Cyperusalopecuroides Rottb.[J].Limnologica,48:46-56.
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PARK E J,KIM D S,PARK K,2008.Monitoring of ambient particles and heavy metals in a residential area of Seoul,Korea[J].Environmental Monitoring Assessment,137(1-3):441-449.
曹旖旎,吴灏,沈立铭,等,2016.城镇绿化树种叶片滞尘与重金属积累能力研究:以浙江省余姚市泗门镇为例[J].林业科学研究,29(5):662-669.CAO Y N,WU H,SHEN L M,et al.,2016.Analysis on the dust retention and heavy metal absorption ability of leaves:A case study in Yuyao,Zhejiang Province[J].Forest Research,29(5):662-669.
陈波,鲁少波,李少宁,等,2016.天津市不同污染梯度树木吸滞重金属及硫能力分析[J].水土保持研究,23(1):175-182.CHEN B,LU S B,LI S N,et al.,2016.Analysis of heavy metal and sulfur absorption ability of trees under different pollution gradients in Tianjin city[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,23(1):175-182.
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杜鹃,2008.兰州主要绿化植物物候学与合理配植研究[D].兰州:兰州大学.DU J,2008.Study on phenology and rational planting of main greening plants in Lanzhou[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.
高海荣,陈秀丽,赵爱娟,等,2016.郑州市13种绿化带植物中铅质量比的对比研究[J].环境监测管理与技术(4):32-34.GAO H R,CHEN X L,ZHAO A J,et al.,2016.Comparison research on Pb mass ratio of 13 kinds of green belt plants in Zhengzhou[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring(4):32-34.
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龚双姣,马陶武,姜业芳,等,2009.铅胁迫对3种藓类植物细胞伤害及光合色素含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,29(8):1630-1636.GONG S J,MA T W,JIANG Y F,et al.,2009.Leaf cell damage and change of photosynthetic pigment contents induced by lead stress in three species of Mosses[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-OccidentaliaSinica,29(8):1630-1636.
郭春爱,刘芳,许晓明,2006.叶绿素b缺失与植物的光合作用[J].植物生理学通讯,42(5):967-973.GUO C A,LIU F,XU X M,2006.Chlorophyll-b deficient and photosynthesis in plants[J].Plant Physiology Communications,42(5):967-973.
郭静,2016.重庆市都市功能核心区立交桥绿化带土壤和植物重金属污染特征研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学.GUO J,2016.A study of heavy metal contamination characteristics of soil and plant under flyovers of core metropolitan function area in Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Normal University.
何冰,叶海波,杨肖娥,2003.铅胁迫下不同生态型东南景天叶片抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素含量比较[J].农业环境科学报,22(3):19-23.HE B,YE H B,YANG X E,2003.Effects of Pb on chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaf for Pb-accumulating and non-accumulation ecotypes of Sedum.Alfredii(Hance)[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,22(3):19-23.
胡国涛,杨兴,陈小米,等,2016.速生树种竹柳对重金属胁迫的生理响应[J].环境科学学报,36(10):3870-3875.HU G T,YANG X,CHEN X M,et al.,2016.Physiological responses of bamboo-willow plants to heavy metal stress[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,36(10):3870-3875.
冷天利,蒋小军,杨远祥,等,2007.锌铬复合污染对水稻根系可溶性糖代谢的影响[J].生态环境学报,16(4):1088-1091.LENG T L,JIANG X J,YANG Y X,et al.,2007.Effect of compound pollution of Zn and Cr on soluble carbohydrate metabolism of rice roots[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,16(4):1088-1091.
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