合肥市8种行道树秋季叶滞尘能力的研究
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摘要
近年来,受到合肥城市扩张,车辆增多的影响,空气中颗粒物增加,造成雾霾天气增多。植物具有净化空气颗粒物,减少雾霾的功效,行道树更是处在净化空气第一线。然而不同树种滞尘量大小有差异,本试验测定合肥市常见的8种行道树的滞尘量,确定其滞尘能力的大小。选取常绿阔叶树香樟、女贞和广玉兰;落叶阔叶树乌桕、银杏、黄山栾树、悬铃木和槐树,调查各树种在街道的分布和生长状况,确定采样地点。于秋季(10月末～11月初)雨后采样,测定8种行道树的叶片滞尘量,计算得出单叶滞尘量大小顺序为:香樟>乌桕>银杏>女贞>黄山栾树>悬铃木>槐树>广玉兰,阔叶树种以香樟树为最大,广玉兰最小;落叶树以乌桕为最大,槐树为最小。女贞采样街道有别于其它树种,在行道树下种植石楠带状绿篱,滞尘冠层有乔灌两层。试验以女贞+石楠为例,分别于雨后3 d和10 d测定单叶滞尘量,得出高冠层的女贞滞尘量稳定增加,而低层的石楠3 d和10 d滞尘量基本相等,说明低层石楠3 d叶片滞尘基本饱和。道路绿化可以选择滞尘量大的树种,乔灌立体配置,降低粉尘量,减少雾霾天气。更可将街道绿化融入到城市环保景观设计中,充分发挥城市园林植物的生态效益。
In recent years,due to the expansion of Hefei city,the increase of vehicles,the increase of particulate matter in the air,resulting in an increase in haze weather. Plants have the efficacy of purifying air particulates and reducing haze,and the roadside trees are in the first line of air purification. However,the amount of dust retention in different tree species is different.In this experiment,the dust retention capacity of eight common tree species in Hefei was measured and the dust retention capacity was determined. Samples were taken from the end of October to the beginning of November to determine the evergreen broad-leaved trees include Cinnamomum camphora,Ligustrum lucidum and Magnolia grandiflora;The deciduous broad-leaved trees include Sapium sebiferum,Ginkgo biloba,Koelreuteria integrifoliola,Platanus orientalis and Sophora japonica. In the evergreen broad-leaved trees,that unifoliate dust detention of Cinnamomum camphora is the largest,Magnolia grandiflora is the smallest. In The deciduous broad-leaved trees,Sapium sebiferum is the largest and Sophora japonica is the smallest. Analysis of the reasons,camphor leaves contain camphor oil,Sapium sebiferum leaves can secrete milk,both cases can be stuck in a sticky manner,the dust effect is the most stable. The vertical greening streets take Ligustrum lucidum and Photinia serrulata as examples. After the rain,the measurement of single leaf dusts in 3 d and10 d respectively showed a steady increase in the unifoliate dust detention in the high canopy,in the lower Photinia serrulata dusts of 3 d and 10 d were basically equal. It shows that the dusts of the 3 d leaves of the lower Photinia serrulata are basically saturated. Road greening can choose tree species with a large dust detention,dimensional configuration with threes and shrubs. Street landscape design is integrated into city environmental protection,fully exploiting the ecological benefits of urban garden plants,reducing the amount of dust,and reducing haze weather.
In recent years,due to the expansion of Hefei city,the increase of vehicles,the increase of particulate matter in the air,resulting in an increase in haze weather. Plants have the efficacy of purifying air particulates and reducing haze,and the roadside trees are in the first line of air purification. However,the amount of dust retention in different tree species is different.In this experiment,the dust retention capacity of eight common tree species in Hefei was measured and the dust retention capacity was determined. Samples were taken from the end of October to the beginning of November to determine the evergreen broad-leaved trees include Cinnamomum camphora,Ligustrum lucidum and Magnolia grandiflora;The deciduous broad-leaved trees include Sapium sebiferum,Ginkgo biloba,Koelreuteria integrifoliola,Platanus orientalis and Sophora japonica. In the evergreen broad-leaved trees,that unifoliate dust detention of Cinnamomum camphora is the largest,Magnolia grandiflora is the smallest. In The deciduous broad-leaved trees,Sapium sebiferum is the largest and Sophora japonica is the smallest. Analysis of the reasons,camphor leaves contain camphor oil,Sapium sebiferum leaves can secrete milk,both cases can be stuck in a sticky manner,the dust effect is the most stable. The vertical greening streets take Ligustrum lucidum and Photinia serrulata as examples. After the rain,the measurement of single leaf dusts in 3 d and10 d respectively showed a steady increase in the unifoliate dust detention in the high canopy,in the lower Photinia serrulata dusts of 3 d and 10 d were basically equal. It shows that the dusts of the 3 d leaves of the lower Photinia serrulata are basically saturated. Road greening can choose tree species with a large dust detention,dimensional configuration with threes and shrubs. Street landscape design is integrated into city environmental protection,fully exploiting the ecological benefits of urban garden plants,reducing the amount of dust,and reducing haze weather.
引文
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[2]余曼,汪正祥,雷耘,等.武汉市主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(7):1333-1339.
[3]郭伟,中屠雅瑾,郑述强,等.城市绿地滞尘作用机理和规律的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(6):1465-1470.
[4]王慧,郭晋平,张芸香.公路绿化带滞尘效应研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(9):1478-1485.
[5]高金辉,王冬梅,赵亮,等.植物叶片滞尘规律研究:以北京市为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(2):94-99.
[6]张家洋,周君丽,任敏,等.20种城市道路绿化树木的滞尘能力比较[J].西北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,45(9):113-120.
[7]柴一新,祝宁,韩焕金.城市绿化树种的滞尘效应:以哈尔滨市为例[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1121-1126.
[8]刘滨谊,彭旭路.悬铃木行道树夏季垂直降温效应测析[J].中国城市林业,2018,16(5):11-16.
[9]史琛媛,张玉梅,路亚星,等.保定市几种常见绿化树种叶片滞尘能力研究[J].河北林果研究,2015,30(3):289-294.
[10]WANG H,ZHANG B,NI Y et a1.Pharmacodynamic target attainment of seven antimicrobials against Gram-negative bacteria collected from China in 2003and 2004[J].International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2007,30(5):452-457.
[11]李超群,钟梦莹,武瑞鑫,等.常见地被植物叶片特征及滞尘效应研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):2050-2055.
[12]杨佳,王会霞,谢滨泽,等.北京9个树种叶片滞尘量及叶面微形态解释[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):384-392.
[13]訾兴中,李书春.安徽树木志[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015.
[14]赵松婷,李新宇,李延明.北京市29种园林植物滞留大气细颗粒物能力研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(6):l004-1012.
[15]王会霞,石辉,李秧秧.城市绿化植物叶片表面特征对滞尘能力的影响[J].应用生态学报,20l0,2l(12):3077-3082.
[16]王蕾,高尚玉,刘连友,等.北京市种园林植物滞留大气颗粒物力研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):597-601.
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