黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被类型次降雨产流产沙特征
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摘要
在甘肃省定西市安家沟小流域以径流小区为研究对象,利用径流场在自然降雨条件下监测所得径流泥沙资料,对不同植被类型的次降雨入渗、产流产沙特征进行了对比研究。结果表明:不同植被类型土壤入渗率均随着雨强的增大线性增大,入渗速率与降雨历时呈幂函数关系。油松林的径流系数(15.97%～19.88%)最大,小麦地(10.91%～17.32%)和沙棘林(9.51%～17.47%)次之,冰草地(4.62%～8.30%)和苜蓿地(6.82%～10.66%)的径流系数最小。径流系数(1%～28%)与降雨量之间符合幂函数关系(P<0.05)。径流含沙量平均值排序依次为小麦地(16.49～22.71g·L~(-1))>苜蓿地(12.66～16.91g·L~(-1))>沙棘林(7.04～11.8g·L~(-1))>油松林(6.95～7.78g·L~(-1))>冰草地(5.53～7.71g·L~(-1))。径流含沙量和土壤侵蚀率均与降雨侵蚀力呈正相关关系(P<0.01),可分别采用线性函数和二次函数进行定量描述。研究成果可为黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持优化配置提供参考。
The runoff plots of Anjiagou watershed were selected as the research object in Dingxi City,Gansu Province,and the characteristics of rainfall infiltration,runoff and sediment of different vegetation types were studied using the observed data of runoff and sediment under natural rainfall conditions.The results showed that:the infiltration rate of soil under different vegetation types increased linearly with the increase of rain intensity,while the relation between the infiltration rate and the rainfall duration was a power function.The runoff coefficient of pine forest(15.97%～19.88%)was the largest,the wheat field(10.91%～17.32%)and sea buckthorn forest(9.51%～17.47%)the second,the wheatgrass meadow(4.62% ～8.30%)and the alfalfa land(6.82%～10.66%)were the smallest.In the meanwhile,the relation between runoff coefficient(1%～28%)and rainfall presented a power function(P<0.05).The order of average sediment concentration was as follow:wheat field(16.49～22.71 g·L~(-1))> alfalfa land(12.66～16.91 g·L~(-1))>sea buckthorn forest(7.04～11.8 g·L~(-1))> pine forest(6.95～7.78 g·L~(-1))> wheatgrass meadow(5.53～7.71 g·L~(-1)).There was a positive correlation between sediment concentration and soil erosion rate and rainfall erosivity(P<0.01),which can be quantified separately by linear function and quadratic function.The results can provide references for optimizing configuration of water and soil conservation in Loess hilly and gully region.
The runoff plots of Anjiagou watershed were selected as the research object in Dingxi City,Gansu Province,and the characteristics of rainfall infiltration,runoff and sediment of different vegetation types were studied using the observed data of runoff and sediment under natural rainfall conditions.The results showed that:the infiltration rate of soil under different vegetation types increased linearly with the increase of rain intensity,while the relation between the infiltration rate and the rainfall duration was a power function.The runoff coefficient of pine forest(15.97%～19.88%)was the largest,the wheat field(10.91%～17.32%)and sea buckthorn forest(9.51%～17.47%)the second,the wheatgrass meadow(4.62% ～8.30%)and the alfalfa land(6.82%～10.66%)were the smallest.In the meanwhile,the relation between runoff coefficient(1%～28%)and rainfall presented a power function(P<0.05).The order of average sediment concentration was as follow:wheat field(16.49～22.71 g·L~(-1))> alfalfa land(12.66～16.91 g·L~(-1))>sea buckthorn forest(7.04～11.8 g·L~(-1))> pine forest(6.95～7.78 g·L~(-1))> wheatgrass meadow(5.53～7.71 g·L~(-1)).There was a positive correlation between sediment concentration and soil erosion rate and rainfall erosivity(P<0.01),which can be quantified separately by linear function and quadratic function.The results can provide references for optimizing configuration of water and soil conservation in Loess hilly and gully region.
引文
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[19]初晓辉,谢勇,单贵莲,等.放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):939-945
[20]李广,黄高宝.雨强和土地利用方式对黄土丘陵区水土流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(11):85-90
[21]张利,罗麟,朱欣伟,等.生态毯对川西北流动沙地生态恢复的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):1156-1159
[22]李金涛,刘文杰,卢洪健.土壤斥水性研究进展[J].西南林学院学报,2010,30(5):82-87
[23]CerdàA,Morera A G,BodíM B.Soil and water losses from new citrus orchards growing on sloped soils in the western Mediterranean basin[J].Earth surface processes and land forms,2010,34(13):1822-1830
[24]杨永辉,赵世伟,雷廷武,等.宁南黄土丘陵区不同植被下土壤入渗性能[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1040-1045
[25]陈三雄,沈义.黄浦江源头区主要植被类型土壤入渗特征及模拟分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,22(6):59-63
[2]李淼,宋孝玉,孟彩侠.黄土沟壑区不同下垫面条件对产流产沙的影响[C]//周孝德.水与社会经济发展的相互影响及作用:全国第三届水问题研究学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:144-148
[3]姜娜,邵明安.黄土高原小流域不同坡地利用方式的水土流失特征[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):36-41
[4]寇馨月,黄俊,姜学兵,等.不同下垫面径流小区次降雨对产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(2):27-31
[5]徐佳,刘普灵,邓瑞芬.黄土坡面不同植被恢复阶段的减流减沙效益研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(11):1391-1396
[6]王全九,赵光旭,刘艳丽,等.植被类型对黄土坡地产流产沙及氮磷流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):195-201
[7]Mohr C,Bronstert A,Huber A,et al.Influence of different forest management practices and vegetation cover on runoff generation and sediment flux in the Coastal Range of Southern Chile[J].European geosciences union,2010,57(4):209-213
[8]Fang Nufang,Shi Zhihua,Li Lu,et al.The effects of rainfall regimes and land use changes on runoff and soil loss in a small mountainous watershed[J].Catena,2012,99(4):1-8
[9]陈众,田丰,董俊.不同土地利用方式对丘陵山区坡面侵蚀产沙量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(1):186-192
[10]陈晖,张红,徐高洪,等.基于遥感、DEM技术的水土流失变化分析[J].人民长江,2006,37(12):12-15
[11]黄俊,亢庆,金平伟,等.南方红壤区坡面次降雨产流产沙特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(2):23-30
[12]顾璟冉,张兴奇,顾礼彬,等.黔西高原侵蚀性降雨特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):39-43
[13]何杨洋,王晓燕,段淑怀.密云水库上游流域次降雨坡面产流产沙特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,1(24):134-141
[14]寇馨月,姜学兵,黄俊.红壤区小流域次降雨产流产沙因素分析及模型构建[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(6):34-42
[15]Wang Yunqiang,Shao Mingan,Liu Zhipeng,et al.Characteristics of dried soil layers under apple orchards of different ages and their application in soil water management on the Loess Plateau of China[J].Pedosphere,2015,25(4):546-554
[16]Verhe A,Hasholt B.Soil erosion Denmark:processes and politics[J].Environmental science and policy,2003,6(1):35-50
[17]陈杰,刘文兆,王文龙,等.长武黄土高塬沟壑区降水及侵蚀性降雨特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(1):27-31
[18]邵臻.陇中黄土丘陵沟壑区草地水土流失特征及土壤水分变化[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017:21-23
[19]初晓辉,谢勇,单贵莲,等.放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):939-945
[20]李广,黄高宝.雨强和土地利用方式对黄土丘陵区水土流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(11):85-90
[21]张利,罗麟,朱欣伟,等.生态毯对川西北流动沙地生态恢复的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):1156-1159
[22]李金涛,刘文杰,卢洪健.土壤斥水性研究进展[J].西南林学院学报,2010,30(5):82-87
[23]CerdàA,Morera A G,BodíM B.Soil and water losses from new citrus orchards growing on sloped soils in the western Mediterranean basin[J].Earth surface processes and land forms,2010,34(13):1822-1830
[24]杨永辉,赵世伟,雷廷武,等.宁南黄土丘陵区不同植被下土壤入渗性能[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1040-1045
[25]陈三雄,沈义.黄浦江源头区主要植被类型土壤入渗特征及模拟分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,22(6):59-63
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