清洁取暖政策对北方农村地区能源结构的影响:以鹤壁市为例
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摘要
为调查清洁取暖政策实施后北方试点城市的取暖方式及能源结构现状,采用问卷调查的方法对鹤壁市农村地区1030户居民进行入户问卷调查。基于结果发现,以煤炭、秸秆为主的传统取暖方式逐步被电力、天然气取暖所取代。全市农村地区年标准煤耗量约为796093 t,较之前下降约20. 27%,人均年耗0. 86 t。当前农村能源结构中,电力、汽油柴油、天然气、煤炭、太阳能、集中供暖、LPG、沼气、薪柴的能耗占比分别为54. 19%、15. 93%、10. 17%、6. 43%、6. 30%、5. 17%、1. 01%、0. 45%和0. 45%。清洁取暖政策的推行是驱动能源替代的主要因素,驱使鹤壁市农村地区的能源结构迅速转变,传统的煤炭、薪柴、秸秆等燃料的消耗量大幅降低,电力、天然气、汽油柴油逐步主导了能源结构,为进一步研究冬季清洁取暖提供了数据支撑和政策建议。
In order to investigate the current situation of heating mode and energy structure of pilot cities in northern China after the implementation of clean heating policy,1030 households in the rural areas of Hebi were investigated by using the method of questionnaire survey. The investigation found that the traditional heating methods,mainly by coal and straw,were gradually replaced by electricity and natural gas. The annual standard coal consumption in rural areas of the whole city was about 796093 t,which is 20. 27% lower than before,and the per capita annual standard coal consumption was about 0. 86 t.In the current rural energy structure,the energy consumption of electricity,gasoline and diesel,natural gas,coal,solar energy,central heating,LPG,biogas and firewood were 54. 19%,15. 93%,10. 17%,6. 43%,6. 30%,5. 17%,1. 01%,0. 45% and 0. 45%,respectively. The implementation of the clean heating policy was the main factor to drive energy substitution,the consumption of fuel such as coal,firewood and straw was greatly reduced,and the cleaner electric power,natural gas and gasoline diesel gradually dominated the energy structure. The results could provide data support and policy suggestion for further study of clean heating.
In order to investigate the current situation of heating mode and energy structure of pilot cities in northern China after the implementation of clean heating policy,1030 households in the rural areas of Hebi were investigated by using the method of questionnaire survey. The investigation found that the traditional heating methods,mainly by coal and straw,were gradually replaced by electricity and natural gas. The annual standard coal consumption in rural areas of the whole city was about 796093 t,which is 20. 27% lower than before,and the per capita annual standard coal consumption was about 0. 86 t.In the current rural energy structure,the energy consumption of electricity,gasoline and diesel,natural gas,coal,solar energy,central heating,LPG,biogas and firewood were 54. 19%,15. 93%,10. 17%,6. 43%,6. 30%,5. 17%,1. 01%,0. 45% and 0. 45%,respectively. The implementation of the clean heating policy was the main factor to drive energy substitution,the consumption of fuel such as coal,firewood and straw was greatly reduced,and the cleaner electric power,natural gas and gasoline diesel gradually dominated the energy structure. The results could provide data support and policy suggestion for further study of clean heating.
引文
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[24]Heltberg R.Factors determining household fuel choice in Guatemala[J].Environment&Development Economics,2005,10(3):337-361.
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[2]张彩庆,龚运.农村最优能源消费结构及测算方法研究:以京津冀地区为例[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(16):359-362.
[3]石祖梁,李想,王飞,等.我国东北地区农村生活能源消费结构与变化趋势分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(8):122-127.
[4]郑顺安,李想,石祖梁,等.我国西北平原区农村生活能源消费和供需结构分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(10):112-120.
[5]董梅,徐璋勇.农村家庭能源消费结构及影响因素分析:以陕西省1303户农村家庭调查为例[J].农林经济管理学报,2018,17(1):45-53.
[6]王效华.江苏农村家庭能源消费研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(26):196-200.
[7]贺普春,张红丽.四川地区农村居民冬季用能调查研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2018,37(11):84-87.
[8]殷帅,纪博雅,袁闪闪,等.北方地区清洁取暖试点城市政策实施研究[J].建筑科学,2018,34(12):6-12.
[9]解洪兴,李连飞,杨晓航.清洁取暖与雾霾治理[J].世界环境,2018(1):21-23.
[10]Barnes D F,van der Plas R,Floor W.Tackling the rural energy problem in developing countries[J].Finance&Development,1997,2.
[11]Martins J.The impact of the use of energy sources on the quality of life of poor communities[J].Social Indicators Research,2005,72(3):373-402.
[12]魏楚,韩晓.中国农村家庭能源消费结构:基于Meta方法的研究[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(6):23-35.
[13]Campbell B M,Vermeulen S J,Mangono J J.The energy transition in action:urban domestic fuel choices in a changing Zimbabwe.Energy Policy,2003,31(6):553-562.
[14]Heltberg R.Fuel switching:evidence from eight developing countries[J].Energy Economics,2004,26(5):869-887.
[15]Masera O R,Saatkamp B D,Kammen D M.From linear fuel switching to multiple cooking strategies:a Critique and alternative to the energy ladder model[J].World Development,2000,28(12):2083-2103.
[16]Wickramasinghe A.Energy access and transition to cleaner cooking fuels and technologies in Sri Lanka:Issues and policy limitations[J].Energy Policy,2011,39(12):7567-7574.
[17]Maconachie R,Tanko A,Zakariya M.Descending the energy ladder?Oil price shocks and domestic fuel choices in Kano,Nigeria.Land Use Policy[J].2009,26(4):0-1099.
[18]Dovie D B K,Witkowski E T F,Shackleton C M.The fuelwood crisis in Southern Africa,relating fuelwood use to livelihoods in a rural village[J].Geo Journal,2004,60(2):123-133.
[19]白祖云.昭通市农村能源利用现状及消耗结构研究[J].林业调查规划,2018,43(4):186-189.
[20]Hosier R H,Dowd J.Household fuel choice in Zimbabwe:an empirical test of the energy ladder hypothesis[J].Resources&Energy,1987,9(4):347-361.
[21]Broadstock D C,Li J,Zhang D.Efficiency snakes and energy ladders:a(meta-)frontier demand analysis of electricity consumption efficiency in Chinese households[J].Energy Policy,2016,91:383-396.
[22]Pundo M O,Fraser G C.Multinomial logit analysis of household cooking fuel choice in rural Kenya:the case of Kisumu district[J].Agrekon,2006,45(1):24-37.
[23]Wang R,Jiang Z J.2017.Energy consumption in China’s rural areas:a study based on the village energy survey[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,143:452-461.
[24]Heltberg R.Factors determining household fuel choice in Guatemala[J].Environment&Development Economics,2005,10(3):337-361.
[25]刘中良,杨鹏宇,赵丽媛.北京农村能源发展的分析与思考[J].太原理工大学学报,2010,41(5):466-469.
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