湖南某铅锌锰冶炼区总悬浮颗粒物重金属来源及健康风险评价
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摘要
通过监测湖南某典型铅锌锰冶炼区大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和铅锌冶炼企业外排废气中Cd、Cr、As、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu和Mn的浓度水平,应用富集因子、相关性及主成分分析研究了铅锌冶炼企业外排废气中重金属含量与大气TSP中重金属含量的关系,采用美国环境保护署(USEPA)的人体暴露风险评价模型进行了健康风险评价。结果表明:废气中重金属平均浓度表现为Zn>Cr>Mn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>As。其中,致癌物质Cd、Cr、As、Ni的平均质量浓度分别为4.87、27.06、0.09、12.54μg/m~3,非致癌物质Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn的平均质量浓度分别为5.87、17.98、10 426.87、23.52μg/m~3。大气TSP中重金属平均浓度表现为Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Ni>Cr>As>Cd。其中,致癌物质Cd、Cr、As、Ni的平均质量浓度分别为1.07、1.63、1.59、2.00μg/m~3,非致癌物质Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn的平均质量浓度分别为36.30、65.54、189.79、35.03μg/m~3。Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni、Mn可能为同一来源,主要来源于铅锌冶炼企业的外排废气,Cr主要来源于电解锰企业的废渣堆放,Cd主要来源于煤燃烧。大气TSP中致癌物质Cd、Cr、As与Ni的致癌风险基本都高于10-4,说明Cd、Cr、As与Ni存在较大的致癌风险;非致癌物质Pb与Mn的非致癌风险高于1,存在较大的非致癌风险,尤其是Mn。
Concentration levels of Cd,Cr,As,Ni,Pb,Zn,Cu and Mn in the atomspheric TSP and exhaust gas of a Pb-Zn smelting enterprise were monitored in a typical Pb-Zn-Mn smelting area in Hunan.Enrichment factor,correlation and principal component analysis were used to study the relationship between the content of heavy metal in the exhaust gas and that in the atmospheric TSP.The US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)human exposure risk assessment model was adopted to conduct the health risk assessment.Results showed that mean mass concentrations in exhaust gas were Zn>Cr>Mn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>As,of which carcinogenic Cd,Cr,As and Ni 4.87,27.06,0.09 and 12.54μg/m~3,respectively,and non-carcinogenic Pb,Cu,Zn and Mn 5.87,17.98,10 426.87 and 23.52μg/m~3,respectively.Mean mass concentrations in atmospheric TSP were Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Ni>Cr>As>Cd,of which carcinogenic Cd,Cr,As and Ni 1.07,1.63,1.59 and 2.00μg/m~3,respectively,and non-carcinogenic Pb,Cu,Zn and Mn 36.30,65.54,189.79 and 35.03μg/m~3,respectively.Zn,Pb,Cu,Ni and Mn might have a same source of Pb-Zn smelting enterprise exhaust gas.Cr might be originated from electrolytic manganese enterprise residue stack.Cd might relate to coal combustion.The carcinogenic risks of Cd,Cr,As and Ni in atmospheric TSP were almost all greater than 10-4,which suggested a heavy carcinogenic risk.The non-carcinogenic risks of Pb and Mn were greater than 1,indicating a heavy non-carcinogenic risk,especially Mn.
Concentration levels of Cd,Cr,As,Ni,Pb,Zn,Cu and Mn in the atomspheric TSP and exhaust gas of a Pb-Zn smelting enterprise were monitored in a typical Pb-Zn-Mn smelting area in Hunan.Enrichment factor,correlation and principal component analysis were used to study the relationship between the content of heavy metal in the exhaust gas and that in the atmospheric TSP.The US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)human exposure risk assessment model was adopted to conduct the health risk assessment.Results showed that mean mass concentrations in exhaust gas were Zn>Cr>Mn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>As,of which carcinogenic Cd,Cr,As and Ni 4.87,27.06,0.09 and 12.54μg/m~3,respectively,and non-carcinogenic Pb,Cu,Zn and Mn 5.87,17.98,10 426.87 and 23.52μg/m~3,respectively.Mean mass concentrations in atmospheric TSP were Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Ni>Cr>As>Cd,of which carcinogenic Cd,Cr,As and Ni 1.07,1.63,1.59 and 2.00μg/m~3,respectively,and non-carcinogenic Pb,Cu,Zn and Mn 36.30,65.54,189.79 and 35.03μg/m~3,respectively.Zn,Pb,Cu,Ni and Mn might have a same source of Pb-Zn smelting enterprise exhaust gas.Cr might be originated from electrolytic manganese enterprise residue stack.Cd might relate to coal combustion.The carcinogenic risks of Cd,Cr,As and Ni in atmospheric TSP were almost all greater than 10-4,which suggested a heavy carcinogenic risk.The non-carcinogenic risks of Pb and Mn were greater than 1,indicating a heavy non-carcinogenic risk,especially Mn.
引文
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[2]张梦,黄艺,苏挺,等.成都市东区大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)质量浓度及其重金属分布特征[J].物探化探计算技术,2018,40(1):102-108.
[3]常燕,冯冲,瞿建国,等.上海大气总悬浮颗粒物中金属的可溶性特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1164-1172.
[4]MIZOHAT A A,ITO N,KUSUYA Y.Characterization of the atmospheric particulate matter observed at the sites near the heavy traffic road in Tokyo[J].Journal of Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment,2000,35(2):77-102.
[5]LIU X T,ZHAI Y B,ZHU Y,et al.Mass concentration and health risk assessment of heavy metals in size-segregated airborne particulate matter in Changsha[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,517:215-221.
[6]LI K X,LIANG T,WANG L Q.Risk assessment of atmospheric heavy metals exposure in Baotou,a typical industrial city in northern China[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2016,38(3):843-853.
[7]LUO Z,GAO M,LUO X,et al.National pattern for heavy metal contamination of topsoil in remote farmland impacted by haze pollution in China[J].Atmospheric Research,2016,170:34-40.
[8]韩玉丽,邱尔发,王亚飞,等.北京市土壤和TSP中重金属分布特征及相关性研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(1):146-155.
[9]仇帅,张爱滨,刘明.青岛大气总悬浮颗粒物中微量元素的含量特征及其来源解析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1667-1675.
[10]王申博,余飞,燕启社,等.典型背景区大气颗粒物中元素粒径分布特征[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(6):133-140.
[11]赵委托,陈娟,胡渭平,等.电镀企业周边大气颗粒物PM2.5、PM10和TSP中重金属分布特征及健康风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(3):470-484.
[12]王喆,谭科艳,陈燕芳,等.南方某工业区大气总悬浮颗粒物重金属来源解析及其对土壤环境质量的影响[J].岩矿测试,2016,35(1).
[13]郭鹏然,雷永乾,周巧丽,等.电镀厂周边环境中重金属分布特征及人体健康暴露风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3447-3456.
[14]董婷,李天昕,赵秀阁,等.某焦化厂周边大气PM10重金属来源及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(4):1238-1244.
[15]WILDING L P.Spatial variability:its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[C]//NIELSEN DR,BOUMA J.Soil spatial variability.Pudoc:Wageningen,1985.
[16]张春艳,韩宝平,王晓,等.典型城市工业区TSP中重金属污染研究[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(2):71-74.
[17]刘大钧.基于实测的铅锌冶炼业环境防护距离研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2015.
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