蘑菇渣腐熟微生物组方研究
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摘要
为实现蘑菇渣的资源化利用,采用7种常见腐熟微生物菌株,研究了不同微生物复配对蘑菇渣腐熟效果的影响。结果表明:处理组T_(14)(蜡状芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌、多黏类芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉和黑曲霉)与其他处理组相比具有更好的腐熟效果,发酵堆体温度最高达到63℃,≥55℃持续时间长达12 d,有效活菌数达0.26亿cfu·g~(-1),均优于其他处理,pH值和色泽也达要求;腐熟后氮、磷、钾总养分均有显著提高,其中全氮含量提高了36%,达到21.1 g·kg~(-1);全磷(P2O5)含量提高了66%,达到10.1 g·kg~(-1);全钾(K_2O)含量提高了38%,达到25.9 g·kg~(-1);有机质降解后含量降至585.4 g·kg~(-1)。植物种子萌发与生长试验表明,高羊茅和黑麦草的种子发芽指数(GI)均大于0.85,分别为1.21、1.14,高羊茅的茎长和地上鲜质量分别增加了24.4%和29.3%,黑麦草的茎长和地上鲜质量分别增加了33.3%和36.8%。蘑菇渣堆肥产品养分含量满足国家标准要求,能显著促进植物生长,是一种前景广阔的新兴有机肥产品,具有巨大的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。
In order to realize the recycling use of spend mushroom compost, the experiment of 7 common decomposition microorganisms mixtures on the mushroom residue maturity were conducted in this study. The results showed that the group T_(14) which included Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megatrium, Bacillus methylotrophicus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Trichoderma viride, and Asprgillus niger had a better decomposition effect than others. There had three advantage about T_(14):The duration over 55 ℃ were 12 days, the number of live bacteria could reach 2.6×10~7 cfu·g~(-1) and the pH value and color could be also qualified. There was a significant improvement about the nutrient contents after matured. The contents of TN,TP,TK were 21.1, 10.1 g·kg~(-1) and 25.9 g·kg~(-1) whichincreased 36%, 66%, and 38% respectively.The organic matter content reduced to 585.4 g·kg~(-1) after degradation; The results of seed germination and growth test stated that the germination index(GI)of tall fescue seed and perennial ryegrass seed were 1.21 and 1.14, respectively(>0.85). The stem length and the fresh weight of tall fescue and the perennial ryegrass were increased 24.4%, 29.3% and 33.3%, 36.8%, respectively.The nutrient content of the spent mushroom compost met the requirements of national standards, and significantly promoted plant growth. It was a promising organic fertilizer which had great application value and broad market prospects.
In order to realize the recycling use of spend mushroom compost, the experiment of 7 common decomposition microorganisms mixtures on the mushroom residue maturity were conducted in this study. The results showed that the group T_(14) which included Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megatrium, Bacillus methylotrophicus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Trichoderma viride, and Asprgillus niger had a better decomposition effect than others. There had three advantage about T_(14):The duration over 55 ℃ were 12 days, the number of live bacteria could reach 2.6×10~7 cfu·g~(-1) and the pH value and color could be also qualified. There was a significant improvement about the nutrient contents after matured. The contents of TN,TP,TK were 21.1, 10.1 g·kg~(-1) and 25.9 g·kg~(-1) whichincreased 36%, 66%, and 38% respectively.The organic matter content reduced to 585.4 g·kg~(-1) after degradation; The results of seed germination and growth test stated that the germination index(GI)of tall fescue seed and perennial ryegrass seed were 1.21 and 1.14, respectively(>0.85). The stem length and the fresh weight of tall fescue and the perennial ryegrass were increased 24.4%, 29.3% and 33.3%, 36.8%, respectively.The nutrient content of the spent mushroom compost met the requirements of national standards, and significantly promoted plant growth. It was a promising organic fertilizer which had great application value and broad market prospects.
引文
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[14]王晓明,孙玉辉,张欢,等.绿色木霉固态发酵生产纤维素酶条件优化与酶的固定化[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(1):186-193.WANG Xiao-ming,SUN Yu-hui,ZHANG Huan,et al.Studies on the conditions of solid-state fermentation for cellulate production by Trichoderma viride and cellulase immobilization[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2014,26(1):186-193.
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[16]冯海萍,曲继松,杨冬艳,等.接种微生物菌剂对枸杞枝条基质化发酵品质的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1457-1463.FENG Hai-ping,QU Ji-song,YANG Dong-yan,et al.Effects of inoculation microbial agent on fermentation quality of wolfberry branches for substrate production[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1457-1463.
[17]陈智坤,邓娴,王峰伟,等.蘑菇渣堆肥滤液对盐胁迫下黄芩种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(18):149-153.CHEN Zhi-kun,DENG Xian,WANG Feng-wei,et al.Effect of spent mushroom compost leacheate on seed germination and seeding growth of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under salt stress[J].Northern Horticulture,2016(18):149-153.
[18]辛世杰.微生物菌剂在有机废弃物堆肥中的作用及其机理研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012:2-12.XIN Shi-jie.The research of microbial agents organic waste composting and their mechanisms[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2012:2-12.
[19]Zhang L,Sun X.Changes in physical,chemical,and microbiological properties during the two-stage co-composting of green waste with spent mushroom compost and biochar[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,171(1):274-284.
[20]王小敏,刘文菊,李博文,等.巨大芽孢杆菌与胶冻样类芽孢杆菌对土壤镉的活化效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):83-88.WANG Xiao-min,LIU Wen-ju,LI Bo-wen,et al.Effect of Bacillus megaterium and Paenillus kribbensis on availability of soil Cd[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(6):83-88.
[21]黄国锋,钟流举,张振钿,等.有机固体废弃物堆肥的物质变化及腐熟度评价[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(5):813-818.HUANG Guo-feng,ZHONG Liu-ju,ZHANG Zhen-tian,et al.Physicochemical changes and maturity evaluation of solid organic waste compost[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(5):813-818.
[22]刘卫星,顾金刚,姜瑞波,等.有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度评价指标[J].土壤肥料,2005(3):3-7.LIU Wei-xing,GU Jin-gang,JIANG Rui-bo,et al.The maturity evaluating indexes of organic solid waste compost[J].Soils and Fertilizers,2005(3):3-7.
[23]Hassen A,Belguith K,Jedidi N,et al.Microbial characterization during composting of municipal solid waste[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,80:217-225.
[24]朴哲,崔宗均,苏宝林.高温堆肥的生物化学变化特征及植物抑制物质的降解规律[J].农业环境保护,2001,20(4):206-209.PIAO Zhe,CUI Zong-jun,SU Bao-lin.Characterization of biochemistry and degradation of plant-inhibited materials during high-temperature composting[J].Agro-Environmental Protection,2001,20(4):206-209.
[25]唐景春,周启星,张冠辉.不同来源生物质废弃物高温堆肥过程的物理化学及微生物性质研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(5):1158-1164.TANG Jing-chun,ZHOU Qi-xing,ZHANG Guan-hui.Physicochemical and microbial properties in thermophilic composting processes of different biological solid wastes[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(5):1158-1164.
[26]黄丹莲.堆肥微生物群落演替及木质素降解功能微生物强化堆肥机理研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.HUANG Dan-lian.Microbial community succession and the mechanisms of solid waste composting by ligninolytic microorganism[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2011.
[27]姜伯玲,王曙阳,李文建,等.绿色木霉与黑曲霉混合发酵产纤维素酶的研究[J].中国酿造,2015,34(7):28-31.JIANG Bo-ling,WANG Shu-yang,LI Wen-jian,et al.Cellulase production with mixed-culture fermentation of Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger[J].China Brewing,2015,34(7):28-31.
[28]Paula F S,Tatti E,Abram F.et al.Stabilisation of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth-promoting organic amendment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,196:476-486.
[2]张亭,韩建东,李瑾,等.食用菌菌渣综合利用与研究现状[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(7):146-150.ZHANG Ting,HAN Jian-dong,LI Jin,et al.Comprehensive utilization and research status of edible fungi residues[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2016,48(7):146-150.
[3]诸葛诚祥.菌糠高效降解菌剂的研发及其在堆肥中的应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017:1-6.ZHUGE Cheng-xiang.Researh on high efficiency degrading microbial inoculum of spent mushrom substrate and its application in composting[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017:1-6.
[4]刘晓梅,邹亚杰,胡清秀,等.菌渣纤维素降解菌的筛选与鉴定[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(7):1384-1391.LIU Xiao-mei,ZOU Ya-jie,HU Qing-xiu,et al.Screening and identification of cellulose-degrading bacteria from spent substrate of edible mushroom[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(7):1384-1391.
[5]Lou Z M,Zhu J,Wang Z X,et al.Release characteristics and control of nitrogen,phosphate,organic matter from spent mushroom compost amended soil in a column experiment[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2015,98:417-423.
[6]王伟东,刘建斌,牛俊玲,等.堆肥化过程中微生物群落的动态及接菌剂的应用效果[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):148-152.WANG Wei-dong,LIU Jian-bin,NIU Jun-ling,et al.Dynamics of microbial community and the effect of inoculum on the composting[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(4):148-152.
[7]李自刚.农业有机固体废弃物堆肥过程中微生物多样性与物质转化关系研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2006:30-39.LI Zi-gang.The relationship of microbial diversity and the transformation of material in the composting process of agricultural organic solid wastes[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2006:30-39.
[8]张园,耿春女,何承文,等.堆肥过程中有机质和微生物群落的动态变化[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(11):1745-1752.ZHANG Yuan,GENG Chun-nü,HE Cheng-wen,et al.Dynamics of organic matters and microbial population during aerobic composting process[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(11):1745-1752.
[9]白变霞,陈艳彬,任嘉红.蜡状芽孢杆菌CLY07菌株的解有机磷特性研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(4):75-81.BAI Bian-xia,CHEN Yan-bin,REN Jia-hong.Study on organophosphate solubilizing characteristics of Bacillus cereus CLY07[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2016,36(4):75-81.
[10]田稼,吴小杰,孙超,等.胶质芽孢杆菌的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):15-22.TIAN Jia,WU Xiao-jie,SUN Chao,et al.Research progress on Bacillus mucilaginosus[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2017(6):15-22.
[11]刘露,李丽,闫洪雪,等.巨大芽孢杆菌的应用研究进展[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(4):117-120.LIU Lu,LI Li,YAN Hong-xue,et al.Research progress of Bacillus megatrium[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture,2016,44(4):117-120.
[12]张妙宜,云天艳,周登博,等.甲基营养型芽孢杆菌的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(9):66-71.ZHANG Miao-yi,YUN Tian-yan,ZHOU Deng-bo,et al.Research advances on Bacillus methylotrophicus[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2017,37(9):66-71.
[13]王刘庆,王秋影,廖美德.多黏类芽孢杆菌生物特性及其机理研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(11):158-163.WANG Liu-qing,WANG Qiu-ying,LIAO Mei-de.The progress of biological propeties and mechanisms of Paenibacillus polymyxa[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(11):158-163.
[14]王晓明,孙玉辉,张欢,等.绿色木霉固态发酵生产纤维素酶条件优化与酶的固定化[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(1):186-193.WANG Xiao-ming,SUN Yu-hui,ZHANG Huan,et al.Studies on the conditions of solid-state fermentation for cellulate production by Trichoderma viride and cellulase immobilization[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2014,26(1):186-193.
[15]陈仕伟.黑曲霉、绿色木霉的诱变选育及其在秸秆腐熟剂中的应用初探[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013:12-51.CHEN Shi-wei.Mutation breeding of Asprgillus niger,Trichoderma viride and its application in straw decomposing inoculant[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013:12-51.
[16]冯海萍,曲继松,杨冬艳,等.接种微生物菌剂对枸杞枝条基质化发酵品质的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1457-1463.FENG Hai-ping,QU Ji-song,YANG Dong-yan,et al.Effects of inoculation microbial agent on fermentation quality of wolfberry branches for substrate production[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1457-1463.
[17]陈智坤,邓娴,王峰伟,等.蘑菇渣堆肥滤液对盐胁迫下黄芩种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(18):149-153.CHEN Zhi-kun,DENG Xian,WANG Feng-wei,et al.Effect of spent mushroom compost leacheate on seed germination and seeding growth of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under salt stress[J].Northern Horticulture,2016(18):149-153.
[18]辛世杰.微生物菌剂在有机废弃物堆肥中的作用及其机理研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012:2-12.XIN Shi-jie.The research of microbial agents organic waste composting and their mechanisms[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2012:2-12.
[19]Zhang L,Sun X.Changes in physical,chemical,and microbiological properties during the two-stage co-composting of green waste with spent mushroom compost and biochar[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,171(1):274-284.
[20]王小敏,刘文菊,李博文,等.巨大芽孢杆菌与胶冻样类芽孢杆菌对土壤镉的活化效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):83-88.WANG Xiao-min,LIU Wen-ju,LI Bo-wen,et al.Effect of Bacillus megaterium and Paenillus kribbensis on availability of soil Cd[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(6):83-88.
[21]黄国锋,钟流举,张振钿,等.有机固体废弃物堆肥的物质变化及腐熟度评价[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(5):813-818.HUANG Guo-feng,ZHONG Liu-ju,ZHANG Zhen-tian,et al.Physicochemical changes and maturity evaluation of solid organic waste compost[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(5):813-818.
[22]刘卫星,顾金刚,姜瑞波,等.有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度评价指标[J].土壤肥料,2005(3):3-7.LIU Wei-xing,GU Jin-gang,JIANG Rui-bo,et al.The maturity evaluating indexes of organic solid waste compost[J].Soils and Fertilizers,2005(3):3-7.
[23]Hassen A,Belguith K,Jedidi N,et al.Microbial characterization during composting of municipal solid waste[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,80:217-225.
[24]朴哲,崔宗均,苏宝林.高温堆肥的生物化学变化特征及植物抑制物质的降解规律[J].农业环境保护,2001,20(4):206-209.PIAO Zhe,CUI Zong-jun,SU Bao-lin.Characterization of biochemistry and degradation of plant-inhibited materials during high-temperature composting[J].Agro-Environmental Protection,2001,20(4):206-209.
[25]唐景春,周启星,张冠辉.不同来源生物质废弃物高温堆肥过程的物理化学及微生物性质研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(5):1158-1164.TANG Jing-chun,ZHOU Qi-xing,ZHANG Guan-hui.Physicochemical and microbial properties in thermophilic composting processes of different biological solid wastes[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(5):1158-1164.
[26]黄丹莲.堆肥微生物群落演替及木质素降解功能微生物强化堆肥机理研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.HUANG Dan-lian.Microbial community succession and the mechanisms of solid waste composting by ligninolytic microorganism[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2011.
[27]姜伯玲,王曙阳,李文建,等.绿色木霉与黑曲霉混合发酵产纤维素酶的研究[J].中国酿造,2015,34(7):28-31.JIANG Bo-ling,WANG Shu-yang,LI Wen-jian,et al.Cellulase production with mixed-culture fermentation of Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger[J].China Brewing,2015,34(7):28-31.
[28]Paula F S,Tatti E,Abram F.et al.Stabilisation of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth-promoting organic amendment[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,196:476-486.
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