The effects of Trichoderma on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt and regulating cucumber physiology
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摘要
In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 Trichoderma strains on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt through pot culture and greenhouse culture experiments. All 3 Trichoderma strains demonstrated higher control effects toward cucumber fusarium wilt than previous studies, with efficacies over 78%. Additionally, inoculation with the 3 Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the quality and yield of cucumbers. Among the 3 strains, Trichoderma 866 was the most effective, with disease control efficacy of 78.64% and a cucumber yield increase of 33%. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited significantly increased measures of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and nitric nitrogen content, as well as the activities of several stress-resistance enzymes, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), and ascorbate oxidase(AAO). In addition, the plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed decreased cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves. Together, our results suggest that T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886 inoculations inhibit F. oxysporum infection, stimulate the metabolism in cucumbers, and enhance the activities of stress-resistance enzymes, which consequently promote the growth of cucumber plants, prevent cucumber fusarium wilt, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. T. harzianum is a commonly used biocontrol fungus, while few studies have focused on T. asperellum or T. koningense. In this study, strains of T. asperellum and T. pseudokoningii showed excellent plant disease prevention and growth promoting effects on cucumber, indicating that they also have great potential as biocontrol fungi.
In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 Trichoderma strains on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt through pot culture and greenhouse culture experiments. All 3 Trichoderma strains demonstrated higher control effects toward cucumber fusarium wilt than previous studies, with efficacies over 78%. Additionally, inoculation with the 3 Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the quality and yield of cucumbers. Among the 3 strains, Trichoderma 866 was the most effective, with disease control efficacy of 78.64% and a cucumber yield increase of 33%. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited significantly increased measures of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and nitric nitrogen content, as well as the activities of several stress-resistance enzymes, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), and ascorbate oxidase(AAO). In addition, the plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed decreased cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves. Together, our results suggest that T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886 inoculations inhibit F. oxysporum infection, stimulate the metabolism in cucumbers, and enhance the activities of stress-resistance enzymes, which consequently promote the growth of cucumber plants, prevent cucumber fusarium wilt, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. T. harzianum is a commonly used biocontrol fungus, while few studies have focused on T. asperellum or T. koningense. In this study, strains of T. asperellum and T. pseudokoningii showed excellent plant disease prevention and growth promoting effects on cucumber, indicating that they also have great potential as biocontrol fungi.
In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 Trichoderma strains on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt through pot culture and greenhouse culture experiments. All 3 Trichoderma strains demonstrated higher control effects toward cucumber fusarium wilt than previous studies, with efficacies over 78%. Additionally, inoculation with the 3 Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the quality and yield of cucumbers. Among the 3 strains, Trichoderma 866 was the most effective, with disease control efficacy of 78.64% and a cucumber yield increase of 33%. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited significantly increased measures of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and nitric nitrogen content, as well as the activities of several stress-resistance enzymes, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), and ascorbate oxidase(AAO). In addition, the plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed decreased cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves. Together, our results suggest that T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886 inoculations inhibit F. oxysporum infection, stimulate the metabolism in cucumbers, and enhance the activities of stress-resistance enzymes, which consequently promote the growth of cucumber plants, prevent cucumber fusarium wilt, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. T. harzianum is a commonly used biocontrol fungus, while few studies have focused on T. asperellum or T. koningense. In this study, strains of T. asperellum and T. pseudokoningii showed excellent plant disease prevention and growth promoting effects on cucumber, indicating that they also have great potential as biocontrol fungi.
引文
Abo-Elyousr,K A M,Abdel-Hafez S I I,Abdel-Rahim I R.2014.Isolation of Trichoderma and evaluation of their antagonistic potential against Alternaria porri.Journal of Phytopathology,162,567-574.
Bao T L,Liang Y L,Li W P,Mu L,Gao D K.2015.Effect of soil type on vitamin C content and activities of related enzymes in cherry tomato.Food Science,36,24-28.
Bi H.2016.Study on the control effect of different Trichoderma gamsii on Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.cucumerinum,Shenyang,China.MSc thesis,Shenyang Agricultural University,China.(in Chinese)
Cakmak I,Marschner H.1992.Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase,ascorbate peroxidase,and glutathione reductase in bean leaves.Plant Physiology,98,1222-1227.
Cao S J,Li T,Yao J G,Zhang L L,Xia X B,Wang H Y,Zhou Y.2017.Study on weak light tolerance of local cucumber germplasm resources in Yantai.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,49,35-37.(in Chinese)
Chen J X,Wang X F.2002.Experimental Guidance of Plant Physiology.South China University of Technology Press,Guangzhou.pp.2-3.(in Chinese)
Chen K.2011.Biocontrol of cucumber Fusarium wilt disease by Trichoderma spp.,Luoyang,China.MSc thesis,Henan University of Science and Technology,China.(in Chinese)
Chen L H,Huang X Q,Zhang F G,Zhao D K,Yang X M,Shen QR.2012.Application of Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037bio-organic fertiliser significantly controls Fusarium wilt and affects the microbial communities of continuously cropped soil of cucumber.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,92,2465-2470.
Cheng Y,Bai S F,Zhuang J H,Liu Z H.2010.Control effect of Trichoderma multifunctional agents to melon wilt.Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,23,157-158.(in Chinese)
Deng J L,Wei T T,Sun X Q,Chen J.2013.Effect of Trichoderma agents applied technology on cucumber growth and yield.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,41,175-177.(in Chinese)
Giannopolitis C N,Ries S K.1977.Superoxide dismutases:I.occurrence in higher plants.Plant Physiology,59,309-314.
Han S,Chi Y,Liu L,Yi H.2013.Biological characteristics of Trichoderma strain.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,29,37-41.(in Chinese)
Hao J J,Kang Z L,Yu Y.2007.Experimental Technology of Plant Physiology.Chemical Industry Press,Beijing.pp.107-109.(in Chinese)
Huang C,Yu B,Teng Y,Su J,Su Q,Cheng Z,Zeng L.2009.Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation.Scientia Horticulturae,121,149-158.
Huang M,Guo Z.2005.Responses of antioxidative system to chilling stress in two rice cultivars differing in sensitivity.Biologia Plantarum,49,81-84.
Hyakumachi M.1994.Plant growth promoting fungi from turfgrass rhizosphere with potential for disease suppression.Soil Microorganisms,44,53-68.
Li H,Li J,Ding M,Cai D,Fan X,Zhang X,Kong Z.2017.Effect of compost extracts on growth and nutrition absorption of tomato and cucumber seedlings.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2,121-127.(in Chinese)
Li S,Lv T,Gu J,Jiang R,Niu Y.2010.Trichoderma sp.strain inducing disease resistance on soil enzyme activity after used.Soil and Fertilizer Science in China,2,75-78.(in Chinese)
Lievens B,Claes L,Vakalounakis D J,Vanachter A C,Thomma B P.2007.A robust identification and detection assay to discriminate the cucumber pathogens Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum and f.sp.radicis-cucumerinum.Environmental Microbiology,9,2145-2161.
Liu C H,Zeng H L,He L,Ye P S,Wei S G,Zhang Q F,Li QY.2014.Effect of Trichoderma harzianum T23 on defence enzymes in leaves of eggplants.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,27,1945-1948.(in Chinese)
Liu S Y,Yu X,Chen F H,Yang P B,Liu L,Huang X M.2013.Effect of Trichoderma viride fermentation broth on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides defensive enzyme activities.Journal of Fruit Science,30,285-290.(in Chinese)
Luo Y,Teng Y,Luo X Q,Li ZH G.2016.Development of wettable powder of Trichoderma reesei FS10-C and its plant growth-promoting effects.Biotechnology Bulletin,32,194-199.
Ma G,Liu M,Wang M,Su X,Gao L,Lian H.2017.The research of phosphorus on the physiological metabolism and yield formation in muskmelon.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,31,1014-1021.(in Chinese)
Ma G,Zheng Y,Qin Z,Liu F,Li D.Lian H.2016.Effect of soil type on physiological characteristcs,yield,and quality of cucumbers.Fujian Journal of Agricultural Science,31,586-590.(in Chinese)
Masunaka A,Hyakumachi M,Takenaka S.2011.Plant growth-promoting fungus,Trichoderma koningi suppresses isoflavonoid phytoalexin vestitol production for colonization on/in the roots of Lotus japonicus.Microbes and Environments,26,128-134.
Mukherjee M,Mukherjee P K,Horwitz B A,Zachow C,Berg G,Zeilinger S.2012.Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions:Aadvances in genetics of biological control.Indian Journal of Microbiology,52,522-529.
Naranjo S E,Ellsworth P C,Frisvold G B.2015.Economic value of biological control in integrated pest management of managed plant systems.Annual Review of Entomology,60,621-645.
Oshima I,Kohama T,Kodaira T.1987.A sensitive assay for serum acid soluble proteins with Coomassie brilliant blue G 250 and its application for autoimmune diseases.Tokushima Journal of Experimental Medicine,34,23-27.
Prabhakaran N,Prameeladevi T,Sathiyabama M,Kamil D.2015.Screening of different Trichoderma species against agriculturally important foliar plant pathogens.Journal of Environmental Biology,36,191-198.
Qi W,Zhao L.2013.Study of the siderophore-producing Trichoderma asperellum Q1 on cucumber growth promotion under salt stress.Journal of Basic Microbiology,53,355-364.
Rubín S,Rodríguez P,Herrero R,Vicente M E S D.2010.Absorption of methylene blue on chemically modified algal biomass:equilibrium,dynamic,and surface data.Journal of Chemical&Engineering Data,55,5707-5714.
Sun Q,Faustman C,Senecal A,Wilkinson A L,Furr H.2001.Aldehyde reactivity with 2-thiobarbituric acid and TBARSin freeze-dried beef during accelerated storage.Meat Science,57,55-60.
Tian L X,Qu D Y,Bi W SH,Xie T L,Li J.2017.Trehalose alleviates the negative effects of salinity on the growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,26,131-138.(in Chinese)
Vieira I C,Fatibello-Filho O.1998.Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide using a crude extract of zucchini(Cucurbita pepo)as a source of peroxidase.Analyst,123,1809-1812.
Xing F F,Gao M F,Hu Z H P,Fan L C H.2017.Identification of Trichoderma strain M2 and related growth promoting effects on Brassica chinensis L.Agro-Environment and Development,34,80-85.
Yedidia I,Srivastva A K,Kapulnik Y,Chet I.2001.Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants.Plant Soil,235,235-242.
Zhang L K,Tian S H Q,Xie T P,Zhang H H,Fan S H L.2009.The method of determination of VC in fruits and vegetables with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Hebei Chemical Engineering and Industry,32,50-52.(in Chinese)
Zhang S P.2016.Effect of Chaetomium microbial fertilizers on the growth quality,production and disease control of cucumber,Tai’an,China.MSc thesis,Shandong Agricultural University,China.(in Chinese)
Zhang S W,Xu B L,Xue Y J,Liang Q L,Liu J.2016.Efficiency of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 in the control of Meloidogyne incognita and its rhizosphere colonization in cucumber.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27,250-254.(in Chinese)
Zhang Z L.2002.The Experimental Guide of Plant Physiology2nd ed.Higher Education,Beijing.pp.59-62.(in Chinese)
Zhuang J H,Gao Z G,Yang C C,Chen J,Xue C Y,Mu C Y.2005.Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt and induction of defense enzyme activities on cucumber by Trichoderma viride strain T23.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,35,179-183.(in Chinese)
Zong Z F,Kang Z S.2002.Plant Pathology.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)
Bao T L,Liang Y L,Li W P,Mu L,Gao D K.2015.Effect of soil type on vitamin C content and activities of related enzymes in cherry tomato.Food Science,36,24-28.
Bi H.2016.Study on the control effect of different Trichoderma gamsii on Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.cucumerinum,Shenyang,China.MSc thesis,Shenyang Agricultural University,China.(in Chinese)
Cakmak I,Marschner H.1992.Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase,ascorbate peroxidase,and glutathione reductase in bean leaves.Plant Physiology,98,1222-1227.
Cao S J,Li T,Yao J G,Zhang L L,Xia X B,Wang H Y,Zhou Y.2017.Study on weak light tolerance of local cucumber germplasm resources in Yantai.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,49,35-37.(in Chinese)
Chen J X,Wang X F.2002.Experimental Guidance of Plant Physiology.South China University of Technology Press,Guangzhou.pp.2-3.(in Chinese)
Chen K.2011.Biocontrol of cucumber Fusarium wilt disease by Trichoderma spp.,Luoyang,China.MSc thesis,Henan University of Science and Technology,China.(in Chinese)
Chen L H,Huang X Q,Zhang F G,Zhao D K,Yang X M,Shen QR.2012.Application of Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037bio-organic fertiliser significantly controls Fusarium wilt and affects the microbial communities of continuously cropped soil of cucumber.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,92,2465-2470.
Cheng Y,Bai S F,Zhuang J H,Liu Z H.2010.Control effect of Trichoderma multifunctional agents to melon wilt.Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,23,157-158.(in Chinese)
Deng J L,Wei T T,Sun X Q,Chen J.2013.Effect of Trichoderma agents applied technology on cucumber growth and yield.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,41,175-177.(in Chinese)
Giannopolitis C N,Ries S K.1977.Superoxide dismutases:I.occurrence in higher plants.Plant Physiology,59,309-314.
Han S,Chi Y,Liu L,Yi H.2013.Biological characteristics of Trichoderma strain.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,29,37-41.(in Chinese)
Hao J J,Kang Z L,Yu Y.2007.Experimental Technology of Plant Physiology.Chemical Industry Press,Beijing.pp.107-109.(in Chinese)
Huang C,Yu B,Teng Y,Su J,Su Q,Cheng Z,Zeng L.2009.Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation.Scientia Horticulturae,121,149-158.
Huang M,Guo Z.2005.Responses of antioxidative system to chilling stress in two rice cultivars differing in sensitivity.Biologia Plantarum,49,81-84.
Hyakumachi M.1994.Plant growth promoting fungi from turfgrass rhizosphere with potential for disease suppression.Soil Microorganisms,44,53-68.
Li H,Li J,Ding M,Cai D,Fan X,Zhang X,Kong Z.2017.Effect of compost extracts on growth and nutrition absorption of tomato and cucumber seedlings.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2,121-127.(in Chinese)
Li S,Lv T,Gu J,Jiang R,Niu Y.2010.Trichoderma sp.strain inducing disease resistance on soil enzyme activity after used.Soil and Fertilizer Science in China,2,75-78.(in Chinese)
Lievens B,Claes L,Vakalounakis D J,Vanachter A C,Thomma B P.2007.A robust identification and detection assay to discriminate the cucumber pathogens Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum and f.sp.radicis-cucumerinum.Environmental Microbiology,9,2145-2161.
Liu C H,Zeng H L,He L,Ye P S,Wei S G,Zhang Q F,Li QY.2014.Effect of Trichoderma harzianum T23 on defence enzymes in leaves of eggplants.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,27,1945-1948.(in Chinese)
Liu S Y,Yu X,Chen F H,Yang P B,Liu L,Huang X M.2013.Effect of Trichoderma viride fermentation broth on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides defensive enzyme activities.Journal of Fruit Science,30,285-290.(in Chinese)
Luo Y,Teng Y,Luo X Q,Li ZH G.2016.Development of wettable powder of Trichoderma reesei FS10-C and its plant growth-promoting effects.Biotechnology Bulletin,32,194-199.
Ma G,Liu M,Wang M,Su X,Gao L,Lian H.2017.The research of phosphorus on the physiological metabolism and yield formation in muskmelon.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,31,1014-1021.(in Chinese)
Ma G,Zheng Y,Qin Z,Liu F,Li D.Lian H.2016.Effect of soil type on physiological characteristcs,yield,and quality of cucumbers.Fujian Journal of Agricultural Science,31,586-590.(in Chinese)
Masunaka A,Hyakumachi M,Takenaka S.2011.Plant growth-promoting fungus,Trichoderma koningi suppresses isoflavonoid phytoalexin vestitol production for colonization on/in the roots of Lotus japonicus.Microbes and Environments,26,128-134.
Mukherjee M,Mukherjee P K,Horwitz B A,Zachow C,Berg G,Zeilinger S.2012.Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions:Aadvances in genetics of biological control.Indian Journal of Microbiology,52,522-529.
Naranjo S E,Ellsworth P C,Frisvold G B.2015.Economic value of biological control in integrated pest management of managed plant systems.Annual Review of Entomology,60,621-645.
Oshima I,Kohama T,Kodaira T.1987.A sensitive assay for serum acid soluble proteins with Coomassie brilliant blue G 250 and its application for autoimmune diseases.Tokushima Journal of Experimental Medicine,34,23-27.
Prabhakaran N,Prameeladevi T,Sathiyabama M,Kamil D.2015.Screening of different Trichoderma species against agriculturally important foliar plant pathogens.Journal of Environmental Biology,36,191-198.
Qi W,Zhao L.2013.Study of the siderophore-producing Trichoderma asperellum Q1 on cucumber growth promotion under salt stress.Journal of Basic Microbiology,53,355-364.
Rubín S,Rodríguez P,Herrero R,Vicente M E S D.2010.Absorption of methylene blue on chemically modified algal biomass:equilibrium,dynamic,and surface data.Journal of Chemical&Engineering Data,55,5707-5714.
Sun Q,Faustman C,Senecal A,Wilkinson A L,Furr H.2001.Aldehyde reactivity with 2-thiobarbituric acid and TBARSin freeze-dried beef during accelerated storage.Meat Science,57,55-60.
Tian L X,Qu D Y,Bi W SH,Xie T L,Li J.2017.Trehalose alleviates the negative effects of salinity on the growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,26,131-138.(in Chinese)
Vieira I C,Fatibello-Filho O.1998.Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide using a crude extract of zucchini(Cucurbita pepo)as a source of peroxidase.Analyst,123,1809-1812.
Xing F F,Gao M F,Hu Z H P,Fan L C H.2017.Identification of Trichoderma strain M2 and related growth promoting effects on Brassica chinensis L.Agro-Environment and Development,34,80-85.
Yedidia I,Srivastva A K,Kapulnik Y,Chet I.2001.Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants.Plant Soil,235,235-242.
Zhang L K,Tian S H Q,Xie T P,Zhang H H,Fan S H L.2009.The method of determination of VC in fruits and vegetables with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Hebei Chemical Engineering and Industry,32,50-52.(in Chinese)
Zhang S P.2016.Effect of Chaetomium microbial fertilizers on the growth quality,production and disease control of cucumber,Tai’an,China.MSc thesis,Shandong Agricultural University,China.(in Chinese)
Zhang S W,Xu B L,Xue Y J,Liang Q L,Liu J.2016.Efficiency of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 in the control of Meloidogyne incognita and its rhizosphere colonization in cucumber.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27,250-254.(in Chinese)
Zhang Z L.2002.The Experimental Guide of Plant Physiology2nd ed.Higher Education,Beijing.pp.59-62.(in Chinese)
Zhuang J H,Gao Z G,Yang C C,Chen J,Xue C Y,Mu C Y.2005.Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt and induction of defense enzyme activities on cucumber by Trichoderma viride strain T23.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,35,179-183.(in Chinese)
Zong Z F,Kang Z S.2002.Plant Pathology.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)
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