赣南典型矿区河流上覆水与表层沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价
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摘要
为揭示赣南典型矿区河流重金属含量、赋存形态及生态风险,本文选取桃江为研究对象,采集10个监测点位的上覆水和沉积物.运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对上覆水和沉积物重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)和钨(W)的含量和形态进行分析.采用内梅罗综合污染指数法与风险评估编码法对桃江沉积物中4种重金属的污染状况进行评价.结果表明,上覆水中Cu、Zn、As和W的含量平均值分别为53.12、38.92、1.71、0.15μg·L~(-1),沉积物中Cu、Zn、As和W的含量平均值分别为43.09、135.55、16.4、17.23 mg·kg~(-1);4种重金属的各形态占比由高到低为残渣态>可氧化态>可还原态>酸溶态;内梅罗综合污染指数法评价结果显示50%的采样点都属于中污染级别,40%的采样点处于重污染级别;风险评估编码法评价结果中只有10%采样点处于低生态风险,90%的采样点均处于中等生态风险.
In order to reveal the heavy metal content, occurrence form and ecological risk of the rivers in the typical mining area of southern Jiangxi province, this paper selects Taojiang as the research object and collects the overlying water and sediments from 10 monitored points.The contents and morphology of heavy metals Cu, Zn, As and W in overlying water and sediment were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The pollution status of four heavy metals in Taojiang sediments was evaluated by Nemero comprehensive pollution index method and risk assessment coding method.The results show that the average contents of Cu, Zn, As and W in the overlying water are 53.12, 38.92, 1.71 and 0.15 μg·L~(-1), respectively. The average values of Cu, Zn, As and W in sediments are respectively 43.09, 135.55, 16.43 and 17.23 mg·kg~(-1);The comparison of the proportion of the four heavy metals is residue state > oxidizable state > reducible state > acid soluble state from high to low;the evaluation results of Nemero comprehensive pollution index method show that 50% of the sampling points belong to the middle pollution level, and 40% of the sampling points are at the level of heavy pollution; Only 10% of the sampling points in the risk assessment coding method are at low ecological risk, and 90% of the sampling points are at medium ecological risk.
In order to reveal the heavy metal content, occurrence form and ecological risk of the rivers in the typical mining area of southern Jiangxi province, this paper selects Taojiang as the research object and collects the overlying water and sediments from 10 monitored points.The contents and morphology of heavy metals Cu, Zn, As and W in overlying water and sediment were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The pollution status of four heavy metals in Taojiang sediments was evaluated by Nemero comprehensive pollution index method and risk assessment coding method.The results show that the average contents of Cu, Zn, As and W in the overlying water are 53.12, 38.92, 1.71 and 0.15 μg·L~(-1), respectively. The average values of Cu, Zn, As and W in sediments are respectively 43.09, 135.55, 16.43 and 17.23 mg·kg~(-1);The comparison of the proportion of the four heavy metals is residue state > oxidizable state > reducible state > acid soluble state from high to low;the evaluation results of Nemero comprehensive pollution index method show that 50% of the sampling points belong to the middle pollution level, and 40% of the sampling points are at the level of heavy pollution; Only 10% of the sampling points in the risk assessment coding method are at low ecological risk, and 90% of the sampling points are at medium ecological risk.
引文
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[19] 冯精兰,胡鹏抟,刘群,等.黄河中下游干流沉积物中重金属的赋存形态及其生态风险[J].环境化学,2015,34(1):178-185.FENG J L,HU P Z,et al.Occurrence and ecological risk of heavy metals in the main stream sediments of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(1):178-185(in Chinese).
[20] BEDNAR A J,JONES W T,CHAPPELL M A,et al.A modified acid digestion procedure for extraction of tungsten from soil[J].Talanta,2010,80(3):1257-1263.
[21] ZHAO G,YE S,YUAN H,et al.Surface sediment properties and heavy metal pollution assessment in the Pearl River Estuary,China[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,2017,24(3):2966-2979.
[22] 郭伟,孙文惠,赵仁鑫,等.呼和浩特市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1561-1567.GUO W,SUN W H,ZHOU R X,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in different functional areas of Hohhot City[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1561-1567(in Chinese).
[23] 赵永红,张静,周丹,等.赣南某钨矿区土壤重金属污染状况研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2477-2484.ZHOU Y H,ZHANG J,ZHOU D et al.Study on soil heavy metal pollution in a tungsten mine area in southern Anhui [J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(8):2477-2484(in Chinese).
[24] GONZALEZ M J,RAMOS L,HEMANDEZ L M.Distribution of trace metals in sediments and the relationship with their accumulation in earthworms[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1994,57(2) :135-150.
[25] 刘亚纳,朱书法,魏学锋,等.河南洛阳市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2322-2328.YIU Y N,ZHU S F,WEI X F,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in different functional areas of Luoyang City,Henan Province [J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2322-2328(in Chinese).
[2] 贾英,方明,吴友军,等.上海河流沉积物重金属的污染特征与潜在生态风险[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1):147-153.JIA Y,FANG M,WU Y J,et al.Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in Shanghai river sediments[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(1):147-153(in Chinese).
[3] 肖冬冬,史正涛,苏斌,等.滇池宝象河表层沉积物重金属含量空间分布特征及污染评价[J].环境化学,2017,36(12):2719-2728.XIAO D D,SHI Z T,SU B,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation of heavy metal content in surface sediments of Baoxiang River,Dianchi Lake[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(12):2719-2728(in Chinese).
[4] ROGNERU S,FJELD E.Trace Element contamination of norwegian lake sediments[J].Ambio,2001,30(1):11-19.
[5] 陈小敏,朱保虎,杨文,等.密云水库上游金矿区土壤重金属空间分布、来源及污染评价[J].环境化学,2015,34(12):2248-2256.CHEN X M,ZHU B H,YANG W,et al.Spatial distribution,source and pollution evaluation of soil heavy metals in gold deposits in the upper miyun reservoir[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(12):2248-2256(in Chinese).
[6] 陈明,杨涛,徐慧,等.赣南某钨矿区土壤中Cd、Pb的形态特征及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2015,34(12):2257-2262.CHEN M,YANG T,XU H,et al.Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals Cd and Pb in soils around a tungsten mine of Gannan[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(12):2257-2262.(in Chinese)
[7] 陈明,杨涛,李登宇,等.赣南某钨矿区稻田土壤中重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].有色金属工程,2016,6(2):89-95.CHEN M,YANG T,LI D Y,et al.Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in rice field soils around a tungsten mine in Gannan of Jiangxi[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2016,6(2):89-95.(in Chinese)
[8] 王小玲,王歆,刘腾云,等.江西主要类型重金属污染现状及修复实践[J].江西科学,2014,1(5):594-599.WANG X,WANG X,LIU T Y,et al.Contaminated situation and remediation practice of the main types by heavy metals in Jiangxi Province[J].Jiangxi Science,2014,1(5):594-599(in Chinese)
[9] 王斐,黄益宗,王小玲,等.江西钨矿周边土壤重金属生态风险评价:不同评价方法的比较[J].环境化学,2015,34(2):225-233.WANG F,HUANG Z,WANG X L,et al.Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil around Jiangxi tungsten mine:Comparison of different evaluation methods[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(2):225-233(in Chinese).
[10] 曾等志,匡晓亮.河床沉积物稀土元素对重金属污染指标探析[J].商丘师范学院学报,2017(3):34-41.ZENG K Z,YAN X L.Analysis of heavy metalpollution indexes of rare earth elements in river bed sediments[J].Journal of Shangqiu Teachers College,2017(3):34-41(in Chinese)
[11] 王丽,陈凡,马千里,等.东江淡水河流域地表水和沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价[J].环境化学,2015,34(9):1671-1684.WANG L,CHEN F,MA Q L,et al.Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of surface water and sediment heavy metals in the Dajiang River Basin of Dongjiang River [J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(9):1671-1684(in Chinese).
[12] 许友泽,刘锦军,成应向,等.湘江底泥重金属污染特征与生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(1):189-198.XU Y Z,LIU J J,CHENG Y X,et al.Heavy metal pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of Xiangjiang River sediment[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(1):189-198(in Chinese).
[13] LIU Y,ZHANG J,HUIJUN H E.Assessment of the tessier and BCR sequential extraction procedures for elemental partitioning of Ca,Fe,Mn,Al,and Ti and their application to surface sediments from Chinese continental shelf[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2018,37(5):22-28.
[14] CHEN S Y,LIN J G.Bioleaching of heavy metals from sediment:Significance of pH [J].Chemosphere,2001,44 (5) :1093-1102.
[15] 苏文湫,祝怡斌.赣州稀土矿山废弃地土壤重金属污染现状评价[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2016,68(4):81-85.SU W Z,ZHU Y B.Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in wasteland of Ganzhou rare earth mine[J].Nonferrous Metals(Mine),2016,68(4):81-85(in Chinese).
[16] 杨泉.桃江中上游河段水体富营养化特征和重金属污染评价[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2018.YANG Q.Eutrophication characteristics and heavy metal pollution assessment of the upper reaches of the Taojiang River.[D].Ganzhou :Jiangxi University of Technology Master′s Thesis,2018(in Chinese).
[17] US EPA.Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments,sludges,soils,and oils.SW-846 method 3051A,1997[EB/OL].2018-11-20.https://www.epa.gov/lep/simplified-chinese.
[18] CHABUKDHARA M,NEMA A K.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in hindon river sediments:A chemometric and geochemical approach[J].Chemosphere,2012,87 (8) :945-953.
[19] 冯精兰,胡鹏抟,刘群,等.黄河中下游干流沉积物中重金属的赋存形态及其生态风险[J].环境化学,2015,34(1):178-185.FENG J L,HU P Z,et al.Occurrence and ecological risk of heavy metals in the main stream sediments of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(1):178-185(in Chinese).
[20] BEDNAR A J,JONES W T,CHAPPELL M A,et al.A modified acid digestion procedure for extraction of tungsten from soil[J].Talanta,2010,80(3):1257-1263.
[21] ZHAO G,YE S,YUAN H,et al.Surface sediment properties and heavy metal pollution assessment in the Pearl River Estuary,China[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research,2017,24(3):2966-2979.
[22] 郭伟,孙文惠,赵仁鑫,等.呼和浩特市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1561-1567.GUO W,SUN W H,ZHOU R X,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in different functional areas of Hohhot City[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1561-1567(in Chinese).
[23] 赵永红,张静,周丹,等.赣南某钨矿区土壤重金属污染状况研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2477-2484.ZHOU Y H,ZHANG J,ZHOU D et al.Study on soil heavy metal pollution in a tungsten mine area in southern Anhui [J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(8):2477-2484(in Chinese).
[24] GONZALEZ M J,RAMOS L,HEMANDEZ L M.Distribution of trace metals in sediments and the relationship with their accumulation in earthworms[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1994,57(2) :135-150.
[25] 刘亚纳,朱书法,魏学锋,等.河南洛阳市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2322-2328.YIU Y N,ZHU S F,WEI X F,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in different functional areas of Luoyang City,Henan Province [J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2322-2328(in Chinese).
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