施用石灰氮对烟株生长和根际土壤微生物区系的影响
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摘要
为了有效防治烟草黑胫病和根结线虫病,提高烟叶的产量和质量,研究了烟苗移栽前施用石灰氮对烟株根际土壤微生物区系、烟株农艺性状及病害发生情况的影响。结果表明,施用石灰氮(处理T)烟田从移栽前到团棵期烟株根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别减少了87.0%、89.8%、87.3%,但随着烟株生长逐渐恢复;正常施肥(对照C)烟田烤烟团棵期真菌数量较移栽前减少了82.1%,而细菌和放线菌的数量变化差异不显著。在烟株生长中后期,总体上处理T烟田的微生物含量低于对照C。宏基因组微生物分类测序结果表明,施用石灰氮对烟株根际土壤微生物数量和群落结构都有影响,且对真菌影响更明显。在烟株生长过程中门水平上的优势细菌和真菌分别有Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria、Firmicutes、Actinobacteria、Gemmatimonadetes、Planctomycetes、Bacteroidetes和Ascomycota、Basidiomycota、Zygomycota、Chytridiomycota、Blastocladiomycota。烟株农艺性状和成熟期烟株病害情况表明,施用石灰氮对烟株的生长产生了影响,团棵期处理T株高显著高于对照C;处理T烟株根结线虫病的发病率仅为对照C的1/2,黑胫病的发病率显著低于对照C。可见,施用石灰氮可以降低烟株根际土壤微生物的数量,并有效预防烟草根结线虫病和黑胫病的发生。
In order to effectively control tobacco black shank disease,root knot nematode disease,improve tobacco yield and quality,the effects of applying lime nitrogen before transplanting on tobacco rhizosphere soil microflora,tobacco plant agronomic characteristics and disease occurrence were studied.The results showed that,in rosette stage,the number of bacteria,fungi and actionmycetes in tobacco rhizosphere soil addition with lime nitrogen(T) decreased by 87.0%,89.8% and 87.3% in comparison with the stage before transplanting,respectively,but it gradually recovered with the growth of tobacco plants.The number of fungi in rosette stage of traditional fertilization(C) decreased by 82.1% comparing with the stage before transplanting,while there was no significant difference in the number of bacteria and actinomycetes between rosette stage and before transplanting.In the middle and late growth stages of tobacco,the microbial population of treatment T was lower than that of control C.The metagenomic sequencing analysis of microorganisms showed that the application of lime nitrogen had an effect on the number and community structure of microorganisms in tobacco rhizosphere soil,especially on fungi.The dominant Schizomycopnyta and Eumycota in the growth of tobacco were Proeobacteria,Acidobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes,Planctomycetes,Bacteroidetes,and Acomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota,Chytridiomycota Blastodiomycota.The agronomic traits and morbidity of tobacco in maturity period revealed that the application of lime nitrogen had an effect on the growth of tobacco.The plant height of the treatment T was significantly higher than that of the control at the rosette stage.While the incidencerate of root-knot nematode disease of treatment T was only 1/2 of that of control,and the black shank disease was significantly lower.So the application of lime nitrogen can reduce the number of microorganisms in tobacco rhizosphere soil,and effectively prevent the occurrence of tobacco root knot nematode and black shank disease.
In order to effectively control tobacco black shank disease,root knot nematode disease,improve tobacco yield and quality,the effects of applying lime nitrogen before transplanting on tobacco rhizosphere soil microflora,tobacco plant agronomic characteristics and disease occurrence were studied.The results showed that,in rosette stage,the number of bacteria,fungi and actionmycetes in tobacco rhizosphere soil addition with lime nitrogen(T) decreased by 87.0%,89.8% and 87.3% in comparison with the stage before transplanting,respectively,but it gradually recovered with the growth of tobacco plants.The number of fungi in rosette stage of traditional fertilization(C) decreased by 82.1% comparing with the stage before transplanting,while there was no significant difference in the number of bacteria and actinomycetes between rosette stage and before transplanting.In the middle and late growth stages of tobacco,the microbial population of treatment T was lower than that of control C.The metagenomic sequencing analysis of microorganisms showed that the application of lime nitrogen had an effect on the number and community structure of microorganisms in tobacco rhizosphere soil,especially on fungi.The dominant Schizomycopnyta and Eumycota in the growth of tobacco were Proeobacteria,Acidobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes,Planctomycetes,Bacteroidetes,and Acomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota,Chytridiomycota Blastodiomycota.The agronomic traits and morbidity of tobacco in maturity period revealed that the application of lime nitrogen had an effect on the growth of tobacco.The plant height of the treatment T was significantly higher than that of the control at the rosette stage.While the incidencerate of root-knot nematode disease of treatment T was only 1/2 of that of control,and the black shank disease was significantly lower.So the application of lime nitrogen can reduce the number of microorganisms in tobacco rhizosphere soil,and effectively prevent the occurrence of tobacco root knot nematode and black shank disease.
引文
[1] 宋文静,禚其翠,梁洪波,等.大蒜根系腐解物对烤烟黑胫病的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(S):273-277.
[2] 焦永吉.河南省烟草寄生线虫复合病害及其防治[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.
[3] 卢树昌,王小波,刘慧芹,等.设施菜地休闲期施用石灰氮防控根结线虫对土壤pH及微生物量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(22):258-262.
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[5] 杨艳梅,梁艳,袁绍杰,等.云南省部分烟区根结线虫形态和分子鉴定[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(2):284-291.
[6] 曹坳程,刘晓漫,郭美霞,等.作物土传病害的危害及防治技术[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):6-16.
[7] 乔岩,董杰,王品舒,等.不同土壤消毒药剂对甘薯2种土传病害的防治效果[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):92-95.
[8] 张凯,谢利丽,武云杰,等.烟草黑胫病的发生及综合防治研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2015,17(4):62-70.
[9] 朱炳良,马军伟,叶雪珠,等.石灰氮的土壤改良作用及对蔬菜的施用效果研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2001,27(3):105-108.
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[11] 朱本岳,方志兆.石灰氮防治大白菜根肿病的研究[J].上海蔬菜,1998(1):34-35.
[12] 侯茂林.添加石灰氮和有机物进行太阳能加热对温室土壤根结线虫和黄瓜的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(1):75-79.
[13] 刘志明,白先进,秦碧霞,等.石灰氮防治番茄根结线虫盆栽试验[J].植物保护,2006(2):105-106.
[14] 许华,阮维斌,高玉葆,等.根结线虫对黄瓜叶片氮磷含量、土壤pH和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2038-2044.
[15] 黄秀梨.微生物学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[16] 张笑宇,段宏群,芦阿虔,等.健康烟田与易感黑胫病烟田烟株不同生长时期根际土壤微生物区系变化规律[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(3):63-69.
[17] 张笑宇.烟田土壤微生物特征及其影响因素分析[D].郑州:郑州大学,2018.
[18] 常安然,李佳,张耸,等.基于宏基因组学16SrDNA测序对烟草根际土壤细菌群落组成分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(2):43-50.
[19] 王礼.石灰氮对土壤微生物种群及黄瓜枯萎病病原菌影响的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[2] 焦永吉.河南省烟草寄生线虫复合病害及其防治[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.
[3] 卢树昌,王小波,刘慧芹,等.设施菜地休闲期施用石灰氮防控根结线虫对土壤pH及微生物量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(22):258-262.
[4] 王立伟,王明友.生物菌肥对番茄连作土壤质量及根结线虫病的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(4):51-55.
[5] 杨艳梅,梁艳,袁绍杰,等.云南省部分烟区根结线虫形态和分子鉴定[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(2):284-291.
[6] 曹坳程,刘晓漫,郭美霞,等.作物土传病害的危害及防治技术[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):6-16.
[7] 乔岩,董杰,王品舒,等.不同土壤消毒药剂对甘薯2种土传病害的防治效果[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):92-95.
[8] 张凯,谢利丽,武云杰,等.烟草黑胫病的发生及综合防治研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2015,17(4):62-70.
[9] 朱炳良,马军伟,叶雪珠,等.石灰氮的土壤改良作用及对蔬菜的施用效果研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2001,27(3):105-108.
[10] 岳广旭,庞占荣,孙洪强.石灰氮的作用机理及功效[J].农家之友(理论版),2008(11):12-20.
[11] 朱本岳,方志兆.石灰氮防治大白菜根肿病的研究[J].上海蔬菜,1998(1):34-35.
[12] 侯茂林.添加石灰氮和有机物进行太阳能加热对温室土壤根结线虫和黄瓜的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(1):75-79.
[13] 刘志明,白先进,秦碧霞,等.石灰氮防治番茄根结线虫盆栽试验[J].植物保护,2006(2):105-106.
[14] 许华,阮维斌,高玉葆,等.根结线虫对黄瓜叶片氮磷含量、土壤pH和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2038-2044.
[15] 黄秀梨.微生物学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[16] 张笑宇,段宏群,芦阿虔,等.健康烟田与易感黑胫病烟田烟株不同生长时期根际土壤微生物区系变化规律[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(3):63-69.
[17] 张笑宇.烟田土壤微生物特征及其影响因素分析[D].郑州:郑州大学,2018.
[18] 常安然,李佳,张耸,等.基于宏基因组学16SrDNA测序对烟草根际土壤细菌群落组成分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(2):43-50.
[19] 王礼.石灰氮对土壤微生物种群及黄瓜枯萎病病原菌影响的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
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