铁岗水库浮游植物群落结构及演替特征研究
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摘要
分别于2010年和2011年的7月(丰水期)和12月(枯水期)对铁岗水库5个样点的浮游植物样品进行采集,初步检出113种(含变型和变种)浮游植物,分属7门10纲20目35科75属。其中,绿藻55种、蓝藻22种、硅藻21种。细小隐球藻、细小平裂藻、狭细贾丝藻、断裂颤藻、水华束丝藻、颗粒直链藻极狭变种、梅尼小环藻、小球藻、针形纤维藻、月牙藻、双对栅藻、四角十字藻和空星藻为丰水期优势种;狭细贾丝藻、给水席藻、颗粒直链藻极狭变种、梅尼小环藻、尖针杆藻、小球藻和双对栅藻为枯水期优势种。丰水期和枯水期浮游植物丰度为(3. 69±2. 38)×107cells/L和(3. 99±2. 58)×107cells/L;生物量为(11. 74±3. 99) mm3/L和(18. 61±16. 60)mm3/L; Margalef指数为(1. 43±1. 01)和(1. 44±1. 00); Shannon-Weaver指数为(2. 17±0. 13)和(1. 72±0. 36);Pielou均匀度指数为(0. 73±0. 11)和(0. 64±0. 25)。铁岗水库浮游植物演替特征表现为Shannon-Weaver指数和绿藻物种丰富度增加,浮游植物丰度降低;优势种由单一蓝藻型演替为多门类复合型,物种组成由蓝-绿-硅藻型演替为绿-蓝-硅藻型。
There were 113 species/subspecies of phytoplankton in the Tiegang reservoir which collected from 5 sampling sites in the wet( July) and dry period( December) of 2010 and 2011. These species of phytoplankton were belong to 7 phyla,10 classes,20 orders,35 families and 75 genera. Among of them,the chlorophyta,cyanophyta and bacillariophyta were 55,22 and 21 species/subspecies,respectively. The Aphanocapsa elachista,Merismopedia minima,Jaaginema angustissimum,Oscillatoria fraca,Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Melosira granulata var. angustissima, Cyclotella meneghiniana,Chlorella vulgaris,Ankistrodesmus aciculars,Selenastrum bibraianum,Scenedesmus bijuga,Crucigenia quadrata and Coelastrum sphaericum appear in wet period as the dominant species. The J. angustissimum,Phormidium irriguum,M. granulata var. angustissima,C. meneghiniana,Synedra acus,C. vulgaris and S. bijuga appear in dry period as the dominant species. In the wet and dry period,the abuncance of pahytoplankton were( 3. 69 ± 2. 38) × 107 cells/L and( 3. 99 ± 2. 58) × 107 cells/L,the biovolume were( 11. 74 ± 3. 99) mm3/L and( 18. 61 ± 16. 60) mm3/L,the Margalef index were( 1. 43 ± 1. 01) and( 1. 44 ± 1. 00),the Shannon-Weaver index were( 2. 17 ± 0. 13) and( 1. 72 ± 0. 36),the Pielou index were( 0. 73 ± 0. 11) and( 0. 64 ± 0. 25). The succession characteristics of phytoplankton community were included that the increasing of Shannon-Weaver index and species richness of chlorophyta,decreasing the abundance. The dominant species successed from cyanophyta type to multi-phylum complex type. The species composition was changed from Cyano-Chloro-Bacillariophyta type to Chloro-Cyano-Bacillariophyta type.
There were 113 species/subspecies of phytoplankton in the Tiegang reservoir which collected from 5 sampling sites in the wet( July) and dry period( December) of 2010 and 2011. These species of phytoplankton were belong to 7 phyla,10 classes,20 orders,35 families and 75 genera. Among of them,the chlorophyta,cyanophyta and bacillariophyta were 55,22 and 21 species/subspecies,respectively. The Aphanocapsa elachista,Merismopedia minima,Jaaginema angustissimum,Oscillatoria fraca,Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Melosira granulata var. angustissima, Cyclotella meneghiniana,Chlorella vulgaris,Ankistrodesmus aciculars,Selenastrum bibraianum,Scenedesmus bijuga,Crucigenia quadrata and Coelastrum sphaericum appear in wet period as the dominant species. The J. angustissimum,Phormidium irriguum,M. granulata var. angustissima,C. meneghiniana,Synedra acus,C. vulgaris and S. bijuga appear in dry period as the dominant species. In the wet and dry period,the abuncance of pahytoplankton were( 3. 69 ± 2. 38) × 107 cells/L and( 3. 99 ± 2. 58) × 107 cells/L,the biovolume were( 11. 74 ± 3. 99) mm3/L and( 18. 61 ± 16. 60) mm3/L,the Margalef index were( 1. 43 ± 1. 01) and( 1. 44 ± 1. 00),the Shannon-Weaver index were( 2. 17 ± 0. 13) and( 1. 72 ± 0. 36),the Pielou index were( 0. 73 ± 0. 11) and( 0. 64 ± 0. 25). The succession characteristics of phytoplankton community were included that the increasing of Shannon-Weaver index and species richness of chlorophyta,decreasing the abundance. The dominant species successed from cyanophyta type to multi-phylum complex type. The species composition was changed from Cyano-Chloro-Bacillariophyta type to Chloro-Cyano-Bacillariophyta type.
引文
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[30]朱伟,万蕾,赵联芳.不同温度和营养盐质量浓度条件下藻类的种间竞争规律[J].生态环境学报,2008,17(1):6-11.
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[2]朱婷婷,段标标,宋战锋,等.深圳铁岗水库水体中抗生素污染特征分析及生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(7):1175-1180.
[3]肖红宇,林翰华.城市水源地水源保护与经济协调发展策略探讨:以铁岗水库为例[J].北方环境,2011,23(9):17-18,41.
[4]林高松,黄晓英,李娟.基于投影寻踪法的水库富营养化评价:以深圳市铁岗水库与石岩水库为例[J].热带地理,2010,30(2):130-134.
[5]姚云峰,彭春宏,吴惠如,等.深圳市铁岗水库中有机污染物的GC-MS分析[J].环境化学,2006,25(5):653-654.
[6]付贵萍,宁凯乐,张佳红,等.深圳石岩、铁岗水库藻类及环境影响因子分析[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2014,31(4):428-435.
[7]REYNOLDS C S. The ecology of phytoplankton[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2006:1-435.
[8]潘鸿,杨扬,陶然,等.水质改善的浮游植物群落演替机制模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(12):3309-3316.
[9]林石狮,叶有华,李洁,等.高度城市化区域中铁岗水库鸟类多样性研究[J].四川动物,2013,32(2):297-301.
[10]潘鸿,杨扬,唐宇宏.梅州市梅西水库浮游植物群落特征研究[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,34(1):79-86.
[11]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:1-915.
[12]JOHN D M,WHITTON B A,BROOK A J. The freshwater algal flora of the british isles[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002:1-612.
[13]WEHR J D,SHEATH R G. Freshwater algae of north America:Ecology and classification[M]. New York:Acacemic Press,2003:1-773.
[14]OLENINA I,HAJDU S,EDLER L,et al. Biovolumes and size-classes of phytoplankton in the baltic sea[J]. Helcom Balt Sea Environ Proc,2006,106:1-21.
[15]郭坤,杨德国,彭婷,等.湖北省长湖浮游植物优势种生态位分析[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(4):825-834.
[16]潘鸿,唐宇宏.草型浅水湖泊富营养化评价的浮游植物指标比较[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(3/4):67-69.
[17]KALFF J.湖沼学-内陆水域生态系统[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011:367-418.
[18]林秋奇,胡韧,段舜山,等.广东省大中型供水水库营养现状及浮游生物的响应[J].生态学报,2003,23(6):1101-1108.
[19]ODUM E P,BARRETT G W.生态学基础(第五版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[20]董丽华,胡韧,林秋奇,等.广东典型小型供水水库:契爷石水库浮游生物与富营养化特征分析[J].生态科学,2002,21(2):147-151.
[21]何国全,韩博平.飞来峡水库蓄水初期浮游植物组成与数量的变化[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(6):657-662.
[22]毛元宝.粤东主要水库浮游植物与富营养状态分析评价[J].广东水利水电,2014(7):114-119.
[23]赵孟绪,雷腊梅,韩博平.亚热带水库浮游植物群落季节变化及其影响因素分析:以汤溪水库为例[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2005,13(5):386-392.
[24]胡韧,林秋奇,王朝晖,等.广东省典型水库浮游植物组成与分布特征[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1939-1944.
[25]林秋奇,胡韧,韩博平.流溪河水库水动力学对营养盐和浮游植物分布的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11):2278-2284.
[26]蒋玉玲,李青,陈晓宏,等.广州市大金钟水库浮游植物与环境因子的关系[J].水资源保护,2011,27(1):46-50.
[27]赵孟绪,韩博平.汤溪水库蓝藻水华发生的影响因子分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1554-1561.
[28]刘华.鹤地水库浮游植物数量与环境因子的相关分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):163-167.
[29]陈晓玲,程丹,李慧明,等.南亚热带水库中盔形溞牧食对浮游植物群落影响的围隔试验[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(3):20-26.
[30]朱伟,万蕾,赵联芳.不同温度和营养盐质量浓度条件下藻类的种间竞争规律[J].生态环境学报,2008,17(1):6-11.
[31]孙军,刘东艳.多样性指数在海洋浮游植物研究中的应用[J].海洋学报,2004,26(1):62-75.
[32]沈蕴芬,章宗涉,龚循矩,等.微型生物监测新技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业版社,1990:120-125.
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