优化施氮对河套灌区氧化亚氮排放和氨挥发的影响
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摘要
以河套灌区盐化潮土为研究对象,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法和通气法研究了4个施肥处理(不施肥(CK)、传统施肥(CON)、优化处理1(OPT1,减氮53.3%)、优化处理2(OPT2,减氮53.3%+硝化抑制剂))对河套灌区玉米农田氧化亚氮(N_2O-N)排放、氨挥发(NH_3-N)损失和玉米产量的影响.结果表明:氮肥减量显著降低了土壤N_2O-N排放和NH_3-N挥发;相比于CON处理,OPT1处理的N_2O-N排放量和NH_3-N挥发量分别降低了45.2%和68.8%(p<0.05),但N_2O-N损失氮素比率增加了9.7%(p<0.05).施用硝化抑制剂可显著降低土壤N_2O-N排放,与OPT1处理相比,OPT2处理可降低34.6%(p<0.05)的N_2O-N排放和41.5%(p<0.05)的N_2O-N损失氮素比率,但NH_3-N挥发增加了47.5%(p<0.05).OPT1处理显著降低了玉米产量,降幅达22.1%(p<0.05),而OPT2处理相对于OPT1处理增产32.9%(p<0.05),与传统施肥处理无差异.因此,综合N_2O-N排放、NH_3-N挥发及玉米产量可知,OPT2是较为合理的施肥措施,值得在河套灌区推广.
A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of optimization of the nitrogen fertilizer management on nitrous oxide(N_2O-N) emission and ammonia volatilization(NH_3-N) from maize fields in the Hetao irrigation area. Seasonal variations of N_2O-N flux and NH_3-N volatization were monitored using static chamber-gas chromatography method and aeration method, respectively. Four treatments, i.e. non-fertilizer(CK), conventional fertilization(CON), optimized treatment 1(OPT1, reducing the nitrogen fertilization rate by 53.3%), optimized treatment 2(OPT2, OPT1 plus the use of nitrification inhibitor), were tested in the experiment. The results showed that reducing nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced N_2O-N emission and NH_3-N volatization. Compared to treatment CON, treatment OPT1 reduced N_2O-N emission and NH_3-N volatization by 45.2% and 68.8%(p<0.05), respectively, while increasing the amount of applied N lost as N_2O-N by 9.7%(p<0.05). The use of nitrification inhibitor significantly reduced N_2O-N emission and the amount of applied N lost as N_2O-N by 34.6%(p<0.05) and 41.5%(p<0.05), respectively, in comparison with Treatment OPT1, but its NH_3-N volatization was 47.5%(p<0.05) higher than that of treatment OPT1. Compared to treatment CON, treatment OPT1 reduced maize yield by 22.1%(p<0.05), treatment OPT2 increased yield by 32.9%(p<0.05) compared to treatment OPT1(p<0.05) and there is no difference in maize yield between treatment OPT2 and treatment CON. Therefore, based on comprehensive consideration of N_2O-N emission, NH_3 volatilization and maize yield, combination of reduction of nitrogen fertilization rate and the use of nitrification maybe is a reasonable field management practice in Hetao irrigation area.
A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of optimization of the nitrogen fertilizer management on nitrous oxide(N_2O-N) emission and ammonia volatilization(NH_3-N) from maize fields in the Hetao irrigation area. Seasonal variations of N_2O-N flux and NH_3-N volatization were monitored using static chamber-gas chromatography method and aeration method, respectively. Four treatments, i.e. non-fertilizer(CK), conventional fertilization(CON), optimized treatment 1(OPT1, reducing the nitrogen fertilization rate by 53.3%), optimized treatment 2(OPT2, OPT1 plus the use of nitrification inhibitor), were tested in the experiment. The results showed that reducing nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced N_2O-N emission and NH_3-N volatization. Compared to treatment CON, treatment OPT1 reduced N_2O-N emission and NH_3-N volatization by 45.2% and 68.8%(p<0.05), respectively, while increasing the amount of applied N lost as N_2O-N by 9.7%(p<0.05). The use of nitrification inhibitor significantly reduced N_2O-N emission and the amount of applied N lost as N_2O-N by 34.6%(p<0.05) and 41.5%(p<0.05), respectively, in comparison with Treatment OPT1, but its NH_3-N volatization was 47.5%(p<0.05) higher than that of treatment OPT1. Compared to treatment CON, treatment OPT1 reduced maize yield by 22.1%(p<0.05), treatment OPT2 increased yield by 32.9%(p<0.05) compared to treatment OPT1(p<0.05) and there is no difference in maize yield between treatment OPT2 and treatment CON. Therefore, based on comprehensive consideration of N_2O-N emission, NH_3 volatilization and maize yield, combination of reduction of nitrogen fertilization rate and the use of nitrification maybe is a reasonable field management practice in Hetao irrigation area.
引文
敖玉琴,田玉华,尹斌,等.2016.脲胺氮肥对太湖地区稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤,48(2):248-253
Ameloot N,Maenhout P,De N,et al.2016.Biochar-induced N2O emission reductions after field incorporation in a loam soil[J].Geoderma,267:10-16
Aulakh M S,Kuldip-Singh J.2001.Effects of 4-amino 1,2,4-triazole,dicyandiamide and encapsulated calcium carbide on nitrification inhibition in a subtropical soil under upland and flooded conditions[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,33(3):258-263
Boeckx P,Xu X,Van Cleemput O.2005.Mitigation of N2O and CH4 emission from rice and wheat cropping systems using dicyandiamide and hydroquinone[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,72(1):41-49
陈晨,王春隆,周璐瑶,等.2017.施用生物炭和硝化抑制剂对菜地N2O排放和蔬菜产量的[J].南京农业大学学报,40(2):287-294
陈贵,陈莹,施卫明.2013.氮肥对水稻不同生长期土壤不同深度氮素渗漏的影响[J].土壤,45(5):809-814
陈浩,李博,熊正琴.2017.减氮及硝化抑制剂对菜地氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].土壤学报,(7):938-947
Cui S H,Shi Y A,Groffman P M,et al.2013.Centennial-scale analysis of the creation and fate of reactive nitrogen in China(1910—2010)[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,110:2052-2057
丁维军,陶林海,吴林,等.2013.新型缓释尿素对削减温室气体、NH3排放和淋溶作用的研究[J].环境科学学报,33(10):2840-2847
黄东风,李卫华,邱孝煊.2009.硝化抑制剂对小白菜产量、硝酸盐含量及营养累积的影响[J].江苏农业学报,25(4):871-875
黄容,高明,詹燕妮,等.2014.生物质灰渣与化肥混合对氨挥发的影响[J].土壤通报,51(5):1160-1167
华建峰,蒋倩,施春健,等.2008.脲酶/硝化抑制剂对土壤脲酶活性、有效态氮及春小麦产量的影响[J].土壤通报,39(1):94-99
Ju X T,Xing G X,Chen X P,et al.2009.Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,106:3041-3046
李鑫,巨晓棠,张丽娟,等.2008.不同施肥方式对土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].应用生态学报, 19(1):99-104
李香兰,马静,徐华,等.2008.DCD不同施用时间对水稻生长期 CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].生态学报,28(8):3675-3681
李香兰,徐华,蔡祖聪.2009.氢醌、双氰胺组合影响稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放研究进展[J].土壤学报,46(5):917-924
Lyamuremye F,Dick R P,Baham J.1996.Organic amendments and phosphorus dynamics I:Phosphorus chemistry and sorption[J].Soil Science,161(7):426-435
Malla G,Bhatia Arti,Pathak H,et al.2005.Mitigating nitrous oxide and methane emissions from soil in rice-wheat system of the Indo-Gangetic plain with nitrification and urease inhibitors[J].Chemosphere,58(2):141-147
O′Connor P J,Hennessy D,Brophy C,et al.2012.The effect of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on herbage production when applied at different times and rates in the autumn and winter[J].Agricultural,Ecosystems & Environment,152:79-89
Stocker T F,Qin D H,Plattner G K,et al.2013.Climate change 2013: The Physical Science Basi Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
苏芳,丁新泉,高志岭,等.2007.华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系氮肥的氨挥发[J].中国环境科学,27(3):409-413
孙海军,闵炬,施卫明,等.2015.硝化抑制剂施用对水稻产量与氨挥发的影响[J].土壤,47(6):1027-1033
孙志梅,武志杰,陈利军,等.2008.硝化抑制剂的施用效果、影响因素及其评价[J].应用生态学报,19(7):1611-1618
王良,徐旭,叶桂香,等.2016.夏玉米农田N2O排放影响因素的模拟分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,22(2):346-352
王永生,张爱平,刘汝亮,等.2016.优化施氮对宁夏引黄灌区稻田CO2、CH4和N2O通量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,35(6):1218-1224
王朝辉,刘学军,巨晓棠,等.2002.田间土壤氨挥发的原位测定—通气法[J].植物营养与肥料学报,8(2):205-209
武志杰,史云峰,陈利军.2008.硝化抑制剂作用机理研究进展[J].土壤通报,39(4):962-970
Weiske A,Benckiser G,Ottow J C G.2002.The new nitrification inhibitor DMPP: Effects on gaseous emissions (N2O,CO2,CH4) from soil under field conditions[J].Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences,92:766-767
肖焱波,杨丛梅,高强,等.2009.含硝化抑制剂复合肥对玉米的节肥增产效果研究[J].华北农学报,24(增刊):191-194
于飞,施卫明.2015.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析[J].土壤学报,52(6):1312-1324
俞巧钢,陈英旭.2011.尿素添加硝化抑制剂DMPP对稻田土壤不同形态矿质态氮的影响[J].农业环境保护,30(7):1357-1363
俞巧钢,陈英旭.2010.DMPP对稻田田面水氮素转化及流失潜能的影响[J].中国环境科学,30(9):1274-1280
张文,周广威,闵伟,等.2015.应用15N示踪法研究咸水滴灌棉田氮肥去向[J].土壤学报,52(2):372-380
张文学,孙刚,何萍,等.2013.脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂对稻田氨挥发的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,19(6):1411-1419
张怡,吕世华,马静,等.2013.覆膜栽培及抑制剂施用对稻田N2O排放的影响[J].土壤,45(5):830-837
张振贤,华珞,尹逊霄,等.2005.农田土壤N2O的发生机制及其主要影响因素[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),26(3):114-120
朱兆良.2008.中国土壤氮素研究[J].土壤学报,45(5):778-783
Ameloot N,Maenhout P,De N,et al.2016.Biochar-induced N2O emission reductions after field incorporation in a loam soil[J].Geoderma,267:10-16
Aulakh M S,Kuldip-Singh J.2001.Effects of 4-amino 1,2,4-triazole,dicyandiamide and encapsulated calcium carbide on nitrification inhibition in a subtropical soil under upland and flooded conditions[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,33(3):258-263
Boeckx P,Xu X,Van Cleemput O.2005.Mitigation of N2O and CH4 emission from rice and wheat cropping systems using dicyandiamide and hydroquinone[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,72(1):41-49
陈晨,王春隆,周璐瑶,等.2017.施用生物炭和硝化抑制剂对菜地N2O排放和蔬菜产量的[J].南京农业大学学报,40(2):287-294
陈贵,陈莹,施卫明.2013.氮肥对水稻不同生长期土壤不同深度氮素渗漏的影响[J].土壤,45(5):809-814
陈浩,李博,熊正琴.2017.减氮及硝化抑制剂对菜地氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].土壤学报,(7):938-947
Cui S H,Shi Y A,Groffman P M,et al.2013.Centennial-scale analysis of the creation and fate of reactive nitrogen in China(1910—2010)[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,110:2052-2057
丁维军,陶林海,吴林,等.2013.新型缓释尿素对削减温室气体、NH3排放和淋溶作用的研究[J].环境科学学报,33(10):2840-2847
黄东风,李卫华,邱孝煊.2009.硝化抑制剂对小白菜产量、硝酸盐含量及营养累积的影响[J].江苏农业学报,25(4):871-875
黄容,高明,詹燕妮,等.2014.生物质灰渣与化肥混合对氨挥发的影响[J].土壤通报,51(5):1160-1167
华建峰,蒋倩,施春健,等.2008.脲酶/硝化抑制剂对土壤脲酶活性、有效态氮及春小麦产量的影响[J].土壤通报,39(1):94-99
Ju X T,Xing G X,Chen X P,et al.2009.Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,106:3041-3046
李鑫,巨晓棠,张丽娟,等.2008.不同施肥方式对土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].应用生态学报, 19(1):99-104
李香兰,马静,徐华,等.2008.DCD不同施用时间对水稻生长期 CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].生态学报,28(8):3675-3681
李香兰,徐华,蔡祖聪.2009.氢醌、双氰胺组合影响稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放研究进展[J].土壤学报,46(5):917-924
Lyamuremye F,Dick R P,Baham J.1996.Organic amendments and phosphorus dynamics I:Phosphorus chemistry and sorption[J].Soil Science,161(7):426-435
Malla G,Bhatia Arti,Pathak H,et al.2005.Mitigating nitrous oxide and methane emissions from soil in rice-wheat system of the Indo-Gangetic plain with nitrification and urease inhibitors[J].Chemosphere,58(2):141-147
O′Connor P J,Hennessy D,Brophy C,et al.2012.The effect of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on herbage production when applied at different times and rates in the autumn and winter[J].Agricultural,Ecosystems & Environment,152:79-89
Stocker T F,Qin D H,Plattner G K,et al.2013.Climate change 2013: The Physical Science Basi Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
苏芳,丁新泉,高志岭,等.2007.华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系氮肥的氨挥发[J].中国环境科学,27(3):409-413
孙海军,闵炬,施卫明,等.2015.硝化抑制剂施用对水稻产量与氨挥发的影响[J].土壤,47(6):1027-1033
孙志梅,武志杰,陈利军,等.2008.硝化抑制剂的施用效果、影响因素及其评价[J].应用生态学报,19(7):1611-1618
王良,徐旭,叶桂香,等.2016.夏玉米农田N2O排放影响因素的模拟分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,22(2):346-352
王永生,张爱平,刘汝亮,等.2016.优化施氮对宁夏引黄灌区稻田CO2、CH4和N2O通量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,35(6):1218-1224
王朝辉,刘学军,巨晓棠,等.2002.田间土壤氨挥发的原位测定—通气法[J].植物营养与肥料学报,8(2):205-209
武志杰,史云峰,陈利军.2008.硝化抑制剂作用机理研究进展[J].土壤通报,39(4):962-970
Weiske A,Benckiser G,Ottow J C G.2002.The new nitrification inhibitor DMPP: Effects on gaseous emissions (N2O,CO2,CH4) from soil under field conditions[J].Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences,92:766-767
肖焱波,杨丛梅,高强,等.2009.含硝化抑制剂复合肥对玉米的节肥增产效果研究[J].华北农学报,24(增刊):191-194
于飞,施卫明.2015.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析[J].土壤学报,52(6):1312-1324
俞巧钢,陈英旭.2011.尿素添加硝化抑制剂DMPP对稻田土壤不同形态矿质态氮的影响[J].农业环境保护,30(7):1357-1363
俞巧钢,陈英旭.2010.DMPP对稻田田面水氮素转化及流失潜能的影响[J].中国环境科学,30(9):1274-1280
张文,周广威,闵伟,等.2015.应用15N示踪法研究咸水滴灌棉田氮肥去向[J].土壤学报,52(2):372-380
张文学,孙刚,何萍,等.2013.脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂对稻田氨挥发的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,19(6):1411-1419
张怡,吕世华,马静,等.2013.覆膜栽培及抑制剂施用对稻田N2O排放的影响[J].土壤,45(5):830-837
张振贤,华珞,尹逊霄,等.2005.农田土壤N2O的发生机制及其主要影响因素[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),26(3):114-120
朱兆良.2008.中国土壤氮素研究[J].土壤学报,45(5):778-783
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