原水性质对新型含Ca~(2+)复合混凝剂混凝过程的影响
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摘要
为了提高水处理效率,保证出水水质,需要开发新型高效混凝剂.本实验采用经过Ca2+改性的混凝剂针对不同水样进行混凝实验,考察了浊度、有机物去除、余铝和形成絮体性质.结果表明在纯颗粒物体系中,PACl(聚合氯化铝)和Al Cl3中加入的Ca2+对于浊度去除率无明显影响,在低投加量下能够有效降低沉后水中余铝浓度,Al Cl3做混凝剂,投加量0.10mmol·L~(-1)时,沉后水余铝浓度从0.15 mg·L~(-1)降低到0.10 mg·L~(-1).在腐殖酸体系中,混凝剂中的钙离子可明显降低腐殖酸分子的负电荷,降低沉后水余铝浓度以及增大絮体粒径.对于腐殖酸与蛋白质体系,当投加量为0.16 mmol·L~(-1)时,使用含有Ca2+的PACl做混凝剂时,钙离子的存在使得平衡时絮体粒径增加了大约50μm,可明显改善絮体的沉降性.碱性条件(pH=8.5)下改性混凝剂沉后水中DOC浓度降低0.2~0.6 mg·L~(-1),余铝降低0.4~0.7 mg·L~(-1).酸性条件(pH=5.5)下改性混凝剂沉后水DOC、余铝浓度无明显变化.
To improve the coagulation performances,new composite coagulants were used to treat different water samples.The results indicate that Ca2+ has no significant effects on the removal efficiency for turbidity in the kaolin system.The residual aluminum decreased from 0.15 mg·L~(-1) to 0.10 mg·L~(-1)(Al Cl3 was used as coagulant and the coagulant dosage was 0.10 mmol·L~(-1)).The presence of Ca2+ led to the decrease of the amount of negative charges in the HA system and the residual aluminum decreased due to the decrease of the complexation between the HA molecules and Al-based coagulants.When the raw water contained BSA molecules and the coagulant dosage was 0.16 mmol·L~(-1),the flocs formed by PACl with Ca2+ were larger(~ 50 μm) than the flocs generated by PACl and the settleability also improved.Under alkaline conditions(pH=8.5),the DOC concentration decreased after coagulation process by ~0.2-0.6 mg·L~(-1) and the residual aluminum decreased by ~0.4-0.7 mg·L~(-1) using composite coagulants.Under acidic conditions(pH=5.5),the concentrations of DOC and residual aluminum did not significantly differ.
To improve the coagulation performances,new composite coagulants were used to treat different water samples.The results indicate that Ca2+ has no significant effects on the removal efficiency for turbidity in the kaolin system.The residual aluminum decreased from 0.15 mg·L~(-1) to 0.10 mg·L~(-1)(Al Cl3 was used as coagulant and the coagulant dosage was 0.10 mmol·L~(-1)).The presence of Ca2+ led to the decrease of the amount of negative charges in the HA system and the residual aluminum decreased due to the decrease of the complexation between the HA molecules and Al-based coagulants.When the raw water contained BSA molecules and the coagulant dosage was 0.16 mmol·L~(-1),the flocs formed by PACl with Ca2+ were larger(~ 50 μm) than the flocs generated by PACl and the settleability also improved.Under alkaline conditions(pH=8.5),the DOC concentration decreased after coagulation process by ~0.2-0.6 mg·L~(-1) and the residual aluminum decreased by ~0.4-0.7 mg·L~(-1) using composite coagulants.Under acidic conditions(pH=5.5),the concentrations of DOC and residual aluminum did not significantly differ.
引文
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[10]Zhang M,Xiao F,Xu X Z,et al.Novel ferromagnetic nanoparticle composited PACls and their coagulation characteristics[J].Water Research,2012,46(1):127-135.
[11]张承飞,褚玉芬,李顺武.纳米复合絮凝剂用于低温低浊水的混凝研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2010,21(3):70-72.Zhang C F,Chu Y F,Li S W.Nano-composite flocculent for the coagulation of low temperature and low turbidity water[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2010,21(3):70-72.
[12]王国瑀.聚丙烯酰胺凝胶低毒性替代材料研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.
[13]Hou J,Wang X X,Hayat T,et al.Ecotoxicological effects and mechanism of CuO nanoparticles to individual organisms[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,221:209-217.
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[15]Wei J C,Gao B Y,Yue Q Y,et al.Comparison of coagulation behavior and floc structure characteristic of different polyferriccationic polymer dual-coagulants in humic acid solution[J].Water Research,2009,43(3):724-732.
[16]Jarvis P,Jefferson B,Parsons S A.Breakage,regrowth,and fractal nature of natural organic matter flocs[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(7):2307-2314.
[17]Konan K L,Peyratout C,Bonnet J P,et al.Surface properties of kaolin and illite suspensions in concentrated calcium hydroxide medium[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2007,307(1):101-108.
[18]曾继军,齐敦哲,武仁超,等.高效聚合氯化铝应用条件与复合混凝剂的协同优化研究[J].供水技术,2017,11(6):5-10.Zeng J J,Qi D Z,Wu R C,et al.Application of purificated Al13and the investigation of coagulation performances using composite coagulants[J].Water Technology,2017,11(6):5-10.
[19]Wall N A,Choppin G R.Humic acids coagulation:influence of divalent cations[J].Applied Geochemistry,2003,18(10):1573-1582.
[20]霍进彦,赵鹏,张宏伟,等.基于非对称场流分离技术的水环境腐殖酸聚集特性研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):2899-2904.Huo J Y,Zhao P,Zhang H W,et al.The study of aggregation properties of aqueous humic acid based on asymmetric flow fieldflow fractionation[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(8):2899-2904.
[21]Kazpard V,Lartiges B S,Frochot C,et al.Fate of coagulant species and conformational effects during the aggregation of a model of a humic substance with Al13polycations[J].Water Research,2006,40(10):1965-1974.
[22]肖辉煌,张盼月,曾光明,等.多核聚合形态Al30混凝控制水中腐殖酸与残留铝的研究[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(4):16-19.Xiao H H,Zhang P Y,Zeng G M,et al.Ways to control humic acid and residual aluminum in water by means of coagulation with polynuclear species Al30[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2007,7(4):16-19.
[23]Wadhawan T,Simsek H,Kasi M,et al.Dissolved organic nitrogen and its biodegradable portion in a water treatment plant with ozone oxidation[J].Water Research,2014,54:318-326.
[24]Zhang P Y,Wu Z,Zhang G M,et al.Coagulation characteristics of polyaluminum chlorides PAC-Al30on humic acid removal from water[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2008,63(3):642-647.
[25]闵凡飞,赵晴,李宏亮,等.煤泥水中高岭土颗粒表面荷电特性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):284-290.Min F F,Zhao Q,Li H L,et al.Study of electrokinetic properties of kaolinite in coal slime[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):284-290.
[26]Baker A.Fluorescence excitation?emission matrix characterization of some sewage-impacted rivers[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2001,35(5):948-953.
[27]李艳.土壤腐殖酸与酶蛋白相互作用的机制[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[2]张大为,徐慧,王希,等.藻形态及混凝剂组成对混凝-超滤过程的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(8):3281-3289.Zhang D W,Xu H,Wang X,et al.Effects of algal morphology and Al species distribution on the coagulation-ultrafiltration process[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(8):3281-3289.
[3]徐磊,俞文正,梁亮,等.天然有机物对混凝效果影响机制及絮体特性分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(11):4290-4294.Xu L,Yu W Z,Liang L,et al.Effect of natural organic matter on coagulation efficiency and characterization of the flocs formed[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(11):4290-4294.
[4]贺建栋,刘鹏宇,常青,等.PAC与PDMDAAC复合混凝剂去除高浊度水中有机氯[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(6):1738-1745.He J D,Liu P Y,Chang Q,et al.Efficiency of the PAC-PDMDAAC composite coagulant for eliminating the organochlorines in high-turbidity water[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(6):1738-1745.
[5]Jiao R Y,Fabris R,Chow C W K,et al.Influence of coagulation mechanisms and floc formation on filterability[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2017,57:338-345.
[6]骆丽宁,王丽娟,杨敏,等.胞外物质影响铁盐混凝除铜绿微囊藻的效能与机制[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(2):437-442.Luo L N,Wang L J,Yang M,et al.Effect and mechanism of extracellular substances on removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by ferric salt coagulation[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(2):437-442.
[7]杨博,孙宾宾.聚丙烯酰胺合成研究进展[J].当代化工,2017,46(2):286-288.Yang B,Sun B B.Research progress in the synthesis of polyacrylamide[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2017,46(2):286-288.
[8]李佼佼,胡琼璨,张伟锋,等.聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成及其絮凝性能研究[J].精细化工中间体,2015,45(3):70-72.Li J J,Hu Q C,Zhang W F,et al.Synthesis and flocculational performance of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride[J].Fine Chemical Intermediates,2015,45(3):70-72.
[9]赵园园,张玥,李素英,等.聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积行为的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3870-3876.Zhao Y Y,Zhang Y,Li S Y,et al.Effect of polysilicic acid on the deposition behavior of different aluminum species[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3870-3876.
[10]Zhang M,Xiao F,Xu X Z,et al.Novel ferromagnetic nanoparticle composited PACls and their coagulation characteristics[J].Water Research,2012,46(1):127-135.
[11]张承飞,褚玉芬,李顺武.纳米复合絮凝剂用于低温低浊水的混凝研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2010,21(3):70-72.Zhang C F,Chu Y F,Li S W.Nano-composite flocculent for the coagulation of low temperature and low turbidity water[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2010,21(3):70-72.
[12]王国瑀.聚丙烯酰胺凝胶低毒性替代材料研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.
[13]Hou J,Wang X X,Hayat T,et al.Ecotoxicological effects and mechanism of CuO nanoparticles to individual organisms[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,221:209-217.
[14]Wang D S,Sun W,Xu Y,et al.Speciation stability of inorganic polymer flocculant-PACl[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2004,243(1-3):1-10.
[15]Wei J C,Gao B Y,Yue Q Y,et al.Comparison of coagulation behavior and floc structure characteristic of different polyferriccationic polymer dual-coagulants in humic acid solution[J].Water Research,2009,43(3):724-732.
[16]Jarvis P,Jefferson B,Parsons S A.Breakage,regrowth,and fractal nature of natural organic matter flocs[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(7):2307-2314.
[17]Konan K L,Peyratout C,Bonnet J P,et al.Surface properties of kaolin and illite suspensions in concentrated calcium hydroxide medium[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2007,307(1):101-108.
[18]曾继军,齐敦哲,武仁超,等.高效聚合氯化铝应用条件与复合混凝剂的协同优化研究[J].供水技术,2017,11(6):5-10.Zeng J J,Qi D Z,Wu R C,et al.Application of purificated Al13and the investigation of coagulation performances using composite coagulants[J].Water Technology,2017,11(6):5-10.
[19]Wall N A,Choppin G R.Humic acids coagulation:influence of divalent cations[J].Applied Geochemistry,2003,18(10):1573-1582.
[20]霍进彦,赵鹏,张宏伟,等.基于非对称场流分离技术的水环境腐殖酸聚集特性研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):2899-2904.Huo J Y,Zhao P,Zhang H W,et al.The study of aggregation properties of aqueous humic acid based on asymmetric flow fieldflow fractionation[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(8):2899-2904.
[21]Kazpard V,Lartiges B S,Frochot C,et al.Fate of coagulant species and conformational effects during the aggregation of a model of a humic substance with Al13polycations[J].Water Research,2006,40(10):1965-1974.
[22]肖辉煌,张盼月,曾光明,等.多核聚合形态Al30混凝控制水中腐殖酸与残留铝的研究[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(4):16-19.Xiao H H,Zhang P Y,Zeng G M,et al.Ways to control humic acid and residual aluminum in water by means of coagulation with polynuclear species Al30[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2007,7(4):16-19.
[23]Wadhawan T,Simsek H,Kasi M,et al.Dissolved organic nitrogen and its biodegradable portion in a water treatment plant with ozone oxidation[J].Water Research,2014,54:318-326.
[24]Zhang P Y,Wu Z,Zhang G M,et al.Coagulation characteristics of polyaluminum chlorides PAC-Al30on humic acid removal from water[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2008,63(3):642-647.
[25]闵凡飞,赵晴,李宏亮,等.煤泥水中高岭土颗粒表面荷电特性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):284-290.Min F F,Zhao Q,Li H L,et al.Study of electrokinetic properties of kaolinite in coal slime[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):284-290.
[26]Baker A.Fluorescence excitation?emission matrix characterization of some sewage-impacted rivers[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2001,35(5):948-953.
[27]李艳.土壤腐殖酸与酶蛋白相互作用的机制[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
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