山西中条山十八河铜尾矿库自然定居草本植物群落与环境的关系
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摘要
为揭示铜尾矿库自然定居草本植物群落与环境的关系,在中条山矿区十八河铜尾矿库进行植物样方的基础上,采用TWINSPAN分类、DCA和CCA排序相结合的方法,对该尾矿库自然定居草本植物群落进行数量分类与排序研究。结果表明:(1)TWINSPAN分类方法将51个自然定居草本植物样方划分为2类10个群丛,一类主要是以湿生草本植物芦苇(Phragmites communis)为主的群丛,另一类主要是以中生草本植物垂柳(Salix babylonica)幼苗为主的群丛。(2)DCA排序第一轴反映了草本植物群落分布与土壤水分的关系,沿第一轴从左到右,土壤水分含量逐渐降低,草本植物种类由湿生植物向中生、旱中生植物逐渐过渡;DCA排序第二轴反映了植被生活型的变化,沿第二轴由下到上,自然定居草本植物种类由一年生向多年生演替。(3)CCA排序第一轴与土壤湿度和土壤电导率有关,反映群落是由湿生植物转变为中生植物和耐盐性植物;第二轴与物种丰富度等指数有关。
The paper aims to reveal the relationship between naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities and environmental factors on the copper mine tailing. Based on the field plant sample survey on Shibahe copper mine tailing of Zhongtiaoshan mining area, a total of 51 sample plots of naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities were analyzed by using the methods of TWINSPAN, DCA and CCA. The results showed that:(1) the 51 sample plots within the study area were classified into ten associations by TWINSPAN, in which the first 8 communities were belongs to hygrophyte plant groups dominant by Phragmites communis andthe last 2 communities were mesophyte plant groups dominant by Salix babylonica(seedlings);(2) the firstDCA axis clearly reflected the relationship between the community distributions and soil moisture, soilmoisture gradually decreased from left to right along the first DCA axis, and the plant species transited fromhygrophyte plants to mesophyte and xero-mesophyte plants; the second DCA axis reflected the change ofvegetation life-form, and the naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities changed from annual toperennial plants from bottom to top along the second DCA axis;(3) the first CCA axis was related to the changeof soil moisture and conductivity, which reflected naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities transferred from hygrophyte plants to mesophyte plants, and salt-tolerant plants, the second CCA axis was related tospecies richness.
The paper aims to reveal the relationship between naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities and environmental factors on the copper mine tailing. Based on the field plant sample survey on Shibahe copper mine tailing of Zhongtiaoshan mining area, a total of 51 sample plots of naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities were analyzed by using the methods of TWINSPAN, DCA and CCA. The results showed that:(1) the 51 sample plots within the study area were classified into ten associations by TWINSPAN, in which the first 8 communities were belongs to hygrophyte plant groups dominant by Phragmites communis andthe last 2 communities were mesophyte plant groups dominant by Salix babylonica(seedlings);(2) the firstDCA axis clearly reflected the relationship between the community distributions and soil moisture, soilmoisture gradually decreased from left to right along the first DCA axis, and the plant species transited fromhygrophyte plants to mesophyte and xero-mesophyte plants; the second DCA axis reflected the change ofvegetation life-form, and the naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities changed from annual toperennial plants from bottom to top along the second DCA axis;(3) the first CCA axis was related to the changeof soil moisture and conductivity, which reflected naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities transferred from hygrophyte plants to mesophyte plants, and salt-tolerant plants, the second CCA axis was related tospecies richness.
引文
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[19]张金屯,柴宝峰,邱扬,等.晋西吕梁山严村流域撂荒地植物群落演替中的物种多样性变化[J].生物多样性,2000(4):378-384.
[20]Hejcman M A.CCA of the vegetation environment relationships in Sudanese savannah[J].South African Journal of Botany,2006,72:256-262.
[21]Vazquez G.Algal assemblages and their relationship with water quality in tropical Mexican streams with different land uses[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,667:173-189.
[22]张江英,周华荣,高梅.艾里克湖湿地植物群落特征指数与土壤因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2007(7):983-988.
[23]Hautier Y,Niklaus P A,Hector A.Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication[J].Science,2009,324:636-638.
[24]武小钢,杨秀云,边俊,等.长治城市湿地公园滨岸区植物群落特征及其与土壤环境的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(7):2048-2056.
[25]Otto R,Krusi B O,Burga C A,et al.Old-field succession along a precipitation gradient in the semi-arid coastal region of Tenerife[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006,65(1):156-178.
[26]Loreau M,Naeem S,Inchausti P,et al.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:current knowledge and future challenges[J].Science,2001,294:804-808.
[27]夏贵菊,何彤慧,赵永全,等.银川平原芦苇群落植物种间关系研究[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(18):122-126.
[28]张翔,宗浩,王文国.四川彭州铜尾矿库植被特征分析与植物群落演替初探[J].四川环境,2006(6):44-48.
[29]秦建桥,夏北成,胡萌,等.广东大宝山矿区尾矿库植被演替分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(10):2085-2091.
[30]于云江,林庆功,石庆辉,等.包兰铁路沙坡头段人工植被区生境与植被变化研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(30):433-439.
[2]安宗胜,詹婧,孙庆业.自然植物群落形成过程中铜尾矿废弃地氮素组分的变化[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5958-5966.
[3]孙庆业,蓝崇钰,黄铭洪,等.铅锌尾矿上自然定居植物[J].生态学报,2001(9):1457-1462.
[4]张志权,束文圣,蓝崇钰,等.土壤种子库与矿业废弃地植被恢复研究:定居植物对重金属的吸收和再分配[J].植物生态学报,2001(3):306-311.
[5]尚文勤,朱利平,孙庆业,等.自然生态恢复过程中尾矿废弃地土壤微生物变化[J].生态环境,2008(2):713-717.
[6]MayerováM,Petrová?,Madaras M,et al.Non-enhanced phytoextraction of cadmium,zinc,and lead by high-yielding crops[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,24(17):14706-14716.
[7]Grime J P.Trait convergence and trait divergence in herbaceous plant communities:mechanisms and consequences[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2006,17(2):255-260.
[8]Chen Hongtao,Yu Zhigang,Yao Qingzhen,et al.Nutrient concentrations and fluxes in the Changjiang Estuary during summer[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,29(2):107-119.
[9]李俊龙,郑丙辉,刘录三,等.长江口浮游植物群落特征及其与环境的响应关系[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(4):403-409.
[10]王洪丹,王金满,曹银贵,等.黄土区露天煤矿排土场土壤与地形因子对植被恢复的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):5098-5108.
[11]廉凯敏,吴应建,张丽,等.太宽河自然保护区板栗群落数量分类与排序[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):33-39.
[12]Kooch Y,Jalilvand H,Bahmanyar M A,et al.Application of two way indicator species analysis in Lowland plant types classification[J].Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2008,11(5):752-757.
[13]Guvenc S,Oran S,Ozturk S.The epiphytic lichens on Anatolian black pine[Pinus nigra Arnd.subsp.pallasiana(Lamb.)Holmboe]in Mt.Uludag(Bursa-Turkey)[J].Journal of Applied Biological Sciences,2009,3(2):157-161.
[14]Zuo X A,Wang S K,Zhao X Y,et al.Scale dependence of plant species richness and vegetation-environment relationship along a gradient of dune stabilization in HorqinSandy Land,Northern China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2014,6(3):334-342.
[15]马子清.山西植被[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001:153-154.
[16]梁爱军,孙朝升,闫彩云,等.中条山林区人工林林分质量评价[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(6):203-209.
[17]郭东罡,上官铁梁.中条山中段植物群落数量分类与排序研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2005(5):444-448.
[18]巩晋楠,王开运,张超,等.围垦滩涂湿地旱生耐盐植物的入侵和影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(1):33-39.
[19]张金屯,柴宝峰,邱扬,等.晋西吕梁山严村流域撂荒地植物群落演替中的物种多样性变化[J].生物多样性,2000(4):378-384.
[20]Hejcman M A.CCA of the vegetation environment relationships in Sudanese savannah[J].South African Journal of Botany,2006,72:256-262.
[21]Vazquez G.Algal assemblages and their relationship with water quality in tropical Mexican streams with different land uses[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,667:173-189.
[22]张江英,周华荣,高梅.艾里克湖湿地植物群落特征指数与土壤因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2007(7):983-988.
[23]Hautier Y,Niklaus P A,Hector A.Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication[J].Science,2009,324:636-638.
[24]武小钢,杨秀云,边俊,等.长治城市湿地公园滨岸区植物群落特征及其与土壤环境的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(7):2048-2056.
[25]Otto R,Krusi B O,Burga C A,et al.Old-field succession along a precipitation gradient in the semi-arid coastal region of Tenerife[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006,65(1):156-178.
[26]Loreau M,Naeem S,Inchausti P,et al.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:current knowledge and future challenges[J].Science,2001,294:804-808.
[27]夏贵菊,何彤慧,赵永全,等.银川平原芦苇群落植物种间关系研究[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(18):122-126.
[28]张翔,宗浩,王文国.四川彭州铜尾矿库植被特征分析与植物群落演替初探[J].四川环境,2006(6):44-48.
[29]秦建桥,夏北成,胡萌,等.广东大宝山矿区尾矿库植被演替分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(10):2085-2091.
[30]于云江,林庆功,石庆辉,等.包兰铁路沙坡头段人工植被区生境与植被变化研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(30):433-439.
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