基于NDVI滇池水华特征的时空变化研究
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摘要
相较于其他传感器,MODIS数据在水质监测方面具有明显优势。基于2000-2017年的MODIS影像16d合成250m×250m分辨率的归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,应用ArcGIS、GetData、Grapher10等软件对数据进行处理,从逐年、逐月到逐旬详细分析了滇池地区NDVI的时空分布规律,探讨了不同等级蓝藻水华的分布面积和空间变化特征。结果表明,(1)时间变化上,2000-2017年间滇池年NDVI总体呈现减少趋势,蓝藻水华覆盖度有所降低,富营养化偏向减轻;多年平均的轻度水华面积约占滇池总面积的54.99%,中度水华和重度水华面积分别占总面积的27.42%和17.59%;11-4月滇池以无水华区域为主,5-10月以轻度水华为主,中度水华主要出现在5-10月,重度水华则集中在7-9月;蓝藻水华的暴发时间大约在7月上旬和8月下旬,其重度水华面积分别达到11.4%和14.0%。(2)空间变化上,滇池蓝藻水华的暴发格局总体呈现"北重南轻"的分布态势,水华较严重的区域集中在北部草海、断桥、晖弯和滇池边界;但从变化趋势上,NDVI减小,表征蓝藻水华覆盖度减少的地区主要分布在滇池北部的断桥和中部部分区域。该研究结论可为丰富滇池水质监测方法,建立实时预警系统,以及水资源的合理利用与有效管理提供科学依据。
Water quality monitoring is one of the important application areas of remote sensing technology. Compared with other sensors, MODIS data has obvious advantages in water quality monitoring. Based on the 16-day synthetic 250 m×250 m resolution normalized vegetation index(NDVI) data product of MODIS image form 2000 to 2017, the data were processed by Arc GIS,GetData, Grapher10 and other software, The spatio-temporal distribution of NDVI in Dianchi Lake was analyzed in detail. The distribution area and spatial variation characteristics of different levels of cyanobacterial blooms were discussed. The results showed that annual NDVI in Dianchi area showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2017. No blooms area accounted for 54.99% of the total area, and the moderate water blooms and heavy water blooms accounted for 27.42% and 17.59% respectively. In spring, summer and autumn, Dianchi Lake was dominated by mild water blooms. However, the area without water bloom accounted for the largest proportion in winter. From January to April, Dianchi Lake was mainly dominated by no blooms region. From May to October, it was dominated by mild water bloom. Moderate water blooms mainly occurred from May to October. Heavy water blooms were concentrated in July-September. The outbreak time was approximately early July and late August, with heavy water bloom reaching 11.4% and 14.0% respectively. The cyanobacteria bloom was heavier in north region in Dianchi Lake than that of the south region. The relatively serious areas of water bloom were concentrated in Northern Caohai, Duanqiao and Huiwan. However, the decrease of NDVI indicated that the coverage of cyanobacteria water bloom was decreasing, and the areas where the water quality was improved were mainly located in the northern part of Dianchi Lake and some areas in the middle parts. The conclusion of this study can provide a scientific basis for enriching the water quality monitoring method of Dianchi Lake, establishing a early warning system, and the rational utilization and effective management of water resources.
Water quality monitoring is one of the important application areas of remote sensing technology. Compared with other sensors, MODIS data has obvious advantages in water quality monitoring. Based on the 16-day synthetic 250 m×250 m resolution normalized vegetation index(NDVI) data product of MODIS image form 2000 to 2017, the data were processed by Arc GIS,GetData, Grapher10 and other software, The spatio-temporal distribution of NDVI in Dianchi Lake was analyzed in detail. The distribution area and spatial variation characteristics of different levels of cyanobacterial blooms were discussed. The results showed that annual NDVI in Dianchi area showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2017. No blooms area accounted for 54.99% of the total area, and the moderate water blooms and heavy water blooms accounted for 27.42% and 17.59% respectively. In spring, summer and autumn, Dianchi Lake was dominated by mild water blooms. However, the area without water bloom accounted for the largest proportion in winter. From January to April, Dianchi Lake was mainly dominated by no blooms region. From May to October, it was dominated by mild water bloom. Moderate water blooms mainly occurred from May to October. Heavy water blooms were concentrated in July-September. The outbreak time was approximately early July and late August, with heavy water bloom reaching 11.4% and 14.0% respectively. The cyanobacteria bloom was heavier in north region in Dianchi Lake than that of the south region. The relatively serious areas of water bloom were concentrated in Northern Caohai, Duanqiao and Huiwan. However, the decrease of NDVI indicated that the coverage of cyanobacteria water bloom was decreasing, and the areas where the water quality was improved were mainly located in the northern part of Dianchi Lake and some areas in the middle parts. The conclusion of this study can provide a scientific basis for enriching the water quality monitoring method of Dianchi Lake, establishing a early warning system, and the rational utilization and effective management of water resources.
引文
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鲁韦坤,余凌翔,欧晓昆,等,2017.滇池蓝藻水华发生频率与气象因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,29(3):534-545.LU W K,YU L X,OU X K,et al.,2017.Relationship between the frequency of cyanobacterial blooms and meteorological factors in Dianchi Lake[J].Journal of Lake Science,29(3):534-545.
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孙佳丽,朱宝,胡荣辰,等,2010.基于MODIS卫星的太湖蓝藻遥感监测[C]//浙江省气象学会.第七届长三角气象科技论坛论文集.长三角气象科技论坛:563-565.SUN J L,ZHU B,HU R C,et al.,2010.Remote sensing monitoring of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake based on MODIS satellites[C]//Zhejiang Meteorological Society.Proceedings of the 7th Yangtze River Delta Meteorological Science and Technology Forum.Yangtze River Delta Meteorological Science and Technology Forum:563-565.
王杰,毛建忠,谢永红,等,2018.2008-2014年滇池水质时空变化特征分析[J].人民长江,49(5):11-15.WANG J,MAO J Z,XIE Y H,et al.,2018.Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Water Quality in Dianchi Lake from2008 to 2014[J].People's Yangtze River,49(5):11-15.
王菁晗,何吕奇姝,杨成,等,2018.太湖、巢湖、滇池水华与相关气象、水质因子及其响应的比较(1981-2015年)[J].湖泊科学,30(4):897-906.WANG J W,HE L Q Z,YANG C,et al.,2018.Comparison of Taihu,Chaohu and Dianchi Lakes and related meteorological,water quality factors and their responses(1981?2015)[J].Journal of Lake Science,30(4):897-906.
韦力元,王真,洪松,2016.气象与水质对滇池草海叶绿素a浓度的影响[J].环境科学与技术,39(10):26-30,35.WEI L Y,WANG Z,HONG S,2016.Effects of Meteorology and Water Quality on Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Sea of Dianchi Lake[J].Environmental Science and Technology,39(10):26-30,35.
魏清宇,江南,吕恒,等,2008.太湖蓝藻水华遥感动态监测预警模型的建立[J].地球信息科学,10(2):156-159.WEI Q Y,JIANG N,LüH,et al.,2008.Establishment of remote sensing dynamic monitoring and early warning model for cyanobacteria blooms in Taihu Lake[J].Earth Information Science,10(2):156-159.
闻建光,肖青,杨一鹏,等,2006.基于Hyperion数据的太湖水体叶绿素a浓度遥感估算[J].湖泊科学,18(6):327-336.WEN J G,XIAO Q,YANG Y P,et al.,2006.Remote sensing estimation of chlorophyll a concentration in Taihu Lake based on Hyperion data[J].Journal of Lake Science,18(6):327-336.
冼翠玲,张艳军,张明琴,等,2017.基于高分辨率多光谱影像的温瑞塘河水质反演模型研究[J].中国农村水利水电(3):90-95.YAN C L,ZHANG Y J,ZHANG M Q,et al.,2017.Research on water quality inversion model of Wenruitang River based on high resolution multispectral image[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower(3):90-95.
谢国清,李蒙,鲁韦坤,等,2010.滇池蓝藻水华光谱特征、遥感识别及暴发气象条件[J].湖泊科学,22(3):327-336.XIE G Q,LI M,LU W K,et al.,2010.Spectral characteristics,remote sensing identification and meteorological conditions of cyanobacteria blooms in Dianchi Lake[J].Journal of Lake Science,22(3):327-336.
徐京萍,张柏,李方,等,2008.基于MODIS数据的太湖藻华水体识别模式[J].湖泊科学,20(2):191-195.XU J P,ZHANG B,LI F,et al.,2008.Identification of Taihu algae water body based on MODIS data[J].Journal of Lake Science,20(2):191-195.
徐玉妃,杨昆,罗毅,等,2018.滇池草海水质等级预测模型研究[J].水生态学杂志,39(1):1-8.XU Y Z,YANG K,LUO Y,et al.,2018.Study on Water Quality Prediction Model of Dianchi Caohai[J].Journal of Water Ecology,39(1):1-8.
杨桂山,马荣华,张路,等,2010.中国湖泊现状及面临的重大问题与保护策略[J].湖泊科学,22(6):799-810.YANG G S,MA R H ZHANG L,et al.,2010.Current Status of Lakes in China and Major Issues and Protection Strategies[J].Journal of Lake Science,22(6):799-810.
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张虎才,常凤琴,段立曾,等,2017.滇池水质特征及变化[J].地球科学进展,32(6):651-659.ZHANG H C,CHANG F Q,DUAN L Z,et al.,2017.Water quality characteristics and changes in Dianchi Lake[J].Advances in Earth Science,32(6):651-659.
周立国,冯学智,王春红,等,2008.太湖蓝藻水华的MODIS卫星监测[J].湖泊科学,20(2):203-207.ZHOU L G,FENG X Z,WANG C H,et al.,2008.MODIS Satellite Monitoring of Cyanobacteria Blooms in Taihu Lake[J].Journal of Lake Science,20(2):203-207.
SONG K S,LI L,LI S,et al.,2012.Hyperspectral remote sensing of total phosphorus(TP)in three central Indiana water supply reservoirs[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,223(4):1481-1502.
ZHANG Y C,MA R H,DUAN H T et al.,2016.Satellite analysis to identify changes and drivers of CyanoHABs dynamics in Lake Taihu[J].Water Science and Technology-Water Supply,16(5):1451-1466.
ZHANG Y C,MA R H,ZHANG M et al.,2015.Fourteen-year record(2000?2013)of the spatial and temporal dynamics of floating algae blooms in Lake Chaohu,observed from time series of MODIS images.Remote Sensing,7(8):10523-10542.
陈旭,李霖,王江,2015.城市绿地对热岛效应的缓解作用研究:以台州市为例[J].生态环境学报,24(4):643-649.CHEN X,LI L,WANG J,2015.Heat island effect mitigation by urban green space system:a case study of Taizhou city[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,24(4):643-649.
郭鹏,邹春辉,等,2012.MODIS影像水体监测方法研究进展[J].气象科技,40(6):869-874.GUO P,ZOU C H,et al.,2012.Progress in MODIS Image water monitoring methods[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,40(6):869-874.
侯秀丽,苑春刚,李学平,等,2018.滇池氮磷浓度变化对蓝、绿、硅藻年际变化的影响[J].水生态学杂志,39(1):16-22.HOU X L,YUAN C G,LI X P,et al.,2018.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in Dianchi Lake on interannual variations of blue,green and diatoms[J].Journal of Water Ecology,39(1):16-22.
蒋大林,2015.基于GIS/RS的滇池藻类水华时空变化及驱动因子分析[D].重庆:西南大学.
JIANG D L,2015.Analysis of spatial and temporal changes and driving factors of algae blooms in Dianchi Lake based on GIS/RS[D].Chongqing:Southwest University.
李旭文,牛志春,姜晟,等,2011.基于卫星影像的太湖蓝藻水华遥感强度指数和等级划分算法设计[J].环境监测管理与技术,23(5):23-30.LI X W,NIU Z C,JIANG W,et al,2011.Satellite image based remote sensing intensity index and classification algorithm design of cyanobacteria blooms in Taihu Lake[J].Environmental Monitoring Management and Technology,23(5):23-30.
梁中耀,刘永,盛虎,等,2014.滇池水质时间序列变化趋势识别及特征分析[J].环境科学学报,34(3):754-762.LIANG Z Y,LIU Y,SHENG H,et al.,2014.Identification and characterization of water quality time series variation in Dianchi Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,34(3):754-762.
鲁韦坤,谢国清,余凌翔,等,2009.MODIS遥感监测滇池蓝藻水华分布[J].气象科技,37(5):618-620,646.LU W K,XIE G Q,YU L X,et al.,2009.MODIS remote sensing monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms in Dianchi Lake[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,37(5):618-620,646.
鲁韦坤,余凌翔,欧晓昆,等,2017.滇池蓝藻水华发生频率与气象因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,29(3):534-545.LU W K,YU L X,OU X K,et al.,2017.Relationship between the frequency of cyanobacterial blooms and meteorological factors in Dianchi Lake[J].Journal of Lake Science,29(3):534-545.
欧阳志宏,郭怀成,王婉晶,等,2015.1982-2012年滇池水质变化及社会经济发展对水质的影响[J].中国环境监测,31(2):68-73.OUYANG Z H,GUO H C,WANG Y J,et al.,2015.Impact of water quality changes and socio-economic development on water quality in Dianchi Lake from 1982 to 2012[J].China Environmental Monitoring,31(2):68-73.
盛海燕,吴志旭,刘明亮,等,2015.新安江水库近10年水质演变趋势及与水文气象因子的相关分析[J].环境科学学报,35(1):118-127.SHENG H Y,WU Z X,LIU M L,et al.,2015.Water quality evolution trend and correlation analysis with hydrometeorological factors in Xin'anjiang Reservoir in the past 10 years[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,35(1):118-127.
孙佳丽,朱宝,胡荣辰,等,2010.基于MODIS卫星的太湖蓝藻遥感监测[C]//浙江省气象学会.第七届长三角气象科技论坛论文集.长三角气象科技论坛:563-565.SUN J L,ZHU B,HU R C,et al.,2010.Remote sensing monitoring of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake based on MODIS satellites[C]//Zhejiang Meteorological Society.Proceedings of the 7th Yangtze River Delta Meteorological Science and Technology Forum.Yangtze River Delta Meteorological Science and Technology Forum:563-565.
王杰,毛建忠,谢永红,等,2018.2008-2014年滇池水质时空变化特征分析[J].人民长江,49(5):11-15.WANG J,MAO J Z,XIE Y H,et al.,2018.Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Water Quality in Dianchi Lake from2008 to 2014[J].People's Yangtze River,49(5):11-15.
王菁晗,何吕奇姝,杨成,等,2018.太湖、巢湖、滇池水华与相关气象、水质因子及其响应的比较(1981-2015年)[J].湖泊科学,30(4):897-906.WANG J W,HE L Q Z,YANG C,et al.,2018.Comparison of Taihu,Chaohu and Dianchi Lakes and related meteorological,water quality factors and their responses(1981?2015)[J].Journal of Lake Science,30(4):897-906.
韦力元,王真,洪松,2016.气象与水质对滇池草海叶绿素a浓度的影响[J].环境科学与技术,39(10):26-30,35.WEI L Y,WANG Z,HONG S,2016.Effects of Meteorology and Water Quality on Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Sea of Dianchi Lake[J].Environmental Science and Technology,39(10):26-30,35.
魏清宇,江南,吕恒,等,2008.太湖蓝藻水华遥感动态监测预警模型的建立[J].地球信息科学,10(2):156-159.WEI Q Y,JIANG N,LüH,et al.,2008.Establishment of remote sensing dynamic monitoring and early warning model for cyanobacteria blooms in Taihu Lake[J].Earth Information Science,10(2):156-159.
闻建光,肖青,杨一鹏,等,2006.基于Hyperion数据的太湖水体叶绿素a浓度遥感估算[J].湖泊科学,18(6):327-336.WEN J G,XIAO Q,YANG Y P,et al.,2006.Remote sensing estimation of chlorophyll a concentration in Taihu Lake based on Hyperion data[J].Journal of Lake Science,18(6):327-336.
冼翠玲,张艳军,张明琴,等,2017.基于高分辨率多光谱影像的温瑞塘河水质反演模型研究[J].中国农村水利水电(3):90-95.YAN C L,ZHANG Y J,ZHANG M Q,et al.,2017.Research on water quality inversion model of Wenruitang River based on high resolution multispectral image[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower(3):90-95.
谢国清,李蒙,鲁韦坤,等,2010.滇池蓝藻水华光谱特征、遥感识别及暴发气象条件[J].湖泊科学,22(3):327-336.XIE G Q,LI M,LU W K,et al.,2010.Spectral characteristics,remote sensing identification and meteorological conditions of cyanobacteria blooms in Dianchi Lake[J].Journal of Lake Science,22(3):327-336.
徐京萍,张柏,李方,等,2008.基于MODIS数据的太湖藻华水体识别模式[J].湖泊科学,20(2):191-195.XU J P,ZHANG B,LI F,et al.,2008.Identification of Taihu algae water body based on MODIS data[J].Journal of Lake Science,20(2):191-195.
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