亚洲中部干旱区绿洲水热匹配与生物、农业技术适应性分析
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摘要
亚洲中部干旱区"中亚天山北坡—新疆天山北坡—甘肃祁连山北坡"山前平原,在古丝绸之路和现代丝绸之路经济带时期均为社会、经济、文化最繁荣的重要地区。而一个地区某生物的生长发育除与降水、气温有关外,还与当地的水热匹配特征密切相关。中亚天山北坡区段水热不同步—新疆天山北坡区段水热较同步—甘肃祁连山北坡河西走廊区段水热同步的生态环境,深刻地影响着当地的天然动植物种类及其生长发育,使某些生物在研究区内各区段间形成了发生中心区、扩散区及无发生区的规律性分布;不同区段多项绿洲农业技术的差异性也反映出其对当地水热匹配特征的适应性。
The piedmont plain oases,the study areas in arid regions of Central Asia,i. e. the northern sope of the Tianshan Mountains in Central Asia,northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang,and northern slope of the Qilian Mountain in Gansu,are the important areas with the most prosperous society,economy and culture along both the ancient Silk Road and the modern Silk Road Economic Belt. Most of the previous researches focused on precipitation and temperature,but otherness studies on the coodination relationship between monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature at each section( hereinafter referred to as water-heat match) were not enough. The emergence of a certain species in a region is inseparable from the characteristics of water-heat coodination besides the local unique precipitation and temperature. The mode of the ecological environment in the study area,water-heat match out of sync in the north Tianshan Mountains in Central Asian-better water-heat synchronization in the north Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang-water-hot strong synchronous coordination in Hexi Corridor in the north Qilian Mountains in Gansu,profoundly affected the wild animals and natural plant species as well as their growth and development there,and made some creatures in different sections of the region form the distribution regularity of Central Area,Diffusion Zone and Without Generating Area. The differences of agricultural technologies in soma oases also reflect their adaptability to the local water-heat matching characteristics.
The piedmont plain oases,the study areas in arid regions of Central Asia,i. e. the northern sope of the Tianshan Mountains in Central Asia,northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang,and northern slope of the Qilian Mountain in Gansu,are the important areas with the most prosperous society,economy and culture along both the ancient Silk Road and the modern Silk Road Economic Belt. Most of the previous researches focused on precipitation and temperature,but otherness studies on the coodination relationship between monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature at each section( hereinafter referred to as water-heat match) were not enough. The emergence of a certain species in a region is inseparable from the characteristics of water-heat coodination besides the local unique precipitation and temperature. The mode of the ecological environment in the study area,water-heat match out of sync in the north Tianshan Mountains in Central Asian-better water-heat synchronization in the north Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang-water-hot strong synchronous coordination in Hexi Corridor in the north Qilian Mountains in Gansu,profoundly affected the wild animals and natural plant species as well as their growth and development there,and made some creatures in different sections of the region form the distribution regularity of Central Area,Diffusion Zone and Without Generating Area. The differences of agricultural technologies in soma oases also reflect their adaptability to the local water-heat matching characteristics.
引文
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[2]赖先齐,王江丽,程勇翔,等.中国西北及中亚主要绿洲农区分类[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):237-245.[Lai Xianqi,Wang Jiangli,Cheng Yongxiang,et al.Classification of main oasis agricultural types in the Northwest of China and Central Asia[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(2):237-245.]
[3]王江丽,赖先齐,帕尼古丽·阿汗别克,等.中亚与新疆绿洲农业的比较[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(1):182-187.[Wang Jiangli,Lai Xianqi,Paniguli Ahanbieke,et al.Comparison oasis agriculture in Central Asia and Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2013,30(1):182-187.]
[4]赖先齐,王江丽,马玉香,等.亚欧大陆中心区域水热资源配合匹配状况与绿洲农业适应性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(10):1-7.[Lai Xianqi,Wang Jiangli,Ma Yuxiang,et al.Water and heat resources coordination situation in Eurasia center area and the oasis agriculture adaptability[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(10):1-7.]
[5]任国玉,袁玉江,柳艳菊,等.我国西北干燥区降水变化规律[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):1-19.[Ren Guoyu,Yuan Yujiang,Liu Yanju,et al.Changes in precipitation over Northwest China[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(1):1-19.]
[6]胡增运,胡汝骥,陈曦,等.亚洲中部干旱区干湿时空变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):260-280.[Hu Zengyun,Hu Ruji,Chen Xi,et al.Spatiotemporal variation of wetting or drying in the arid regions in Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):260-280.]
[7]李世英.北疆荒漠植被的基本特征[J].植物学报,1961,9(3-4):287-313.[Li Shiying.The basic characteristics of desert vegetation in Northern Xinjiang[J].Botany Gazette,1961,9(3-4):287-313.]
[8]中国科学院新疆综合考察队,中国科学院植物研究所.新疆植被及其利用[M].北京:科技出版社,1978:3,62,243.[Integrated Expedition on Xinjiang of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Vegetation and Its Utilization in Xinjiang[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Press,1978:3,62,243.]
[9]许鹏.新疆荒漠区草地与水盐植物系统及优化生态模式[M].北京:科技出版社,1998:10,12.[Xu Peng.Desert Grassland and Water-Salt-Plant System and the Optimizing Ecological Pattern in Xinjiang[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Press,1998:10,12.]
[10]张建萍,鲁素玲,陈静.新疆农业螨类[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:70,125.[Zhang Jianping,Lu Suling,Chen Jing.Xinjiang Agricultural Mites[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,2008:70,125.]
[11]热依汗古丽,朱家驹.石河子垦区眩灯蛾发生及飞机防治[J].石河子科技,2009(6):19-20.[Reyihanguli,Zhu Jiaju.Lacydes spectabilis occurrence and prevention by plane in Shihezi reclamation areas[J].Science and Technology of Shihezi,2009(6):19-20.]
[12]杨涛,王佩玲,熊建喜,等.一种新入侵棉花害虫---眩灯蛾生物学特性研究[J].棉花学报,2010,22(2):189-192.[Yang Tao,Wang Peiling,Xiong Jianxi,et al.Study on biological characteristics of Lacydes spectabilisc:A new invaded pest on cotton[J].Cotton Science,2010,22(2):189-192.]
[13]李刚,张毅鹏,班懿根.膜下滴灌技术发展现状及应用前景[J].新疆水利,2004(4):25-28.[Li Gang,Zhang Yipeng,Ban Yigen.Development status and application prospects of the technology of drip irrigation under membrane[J].Xinjiang Water Resource,2004(4):25-28.]
[14]李鑫,刁明,魏列,等.不同配置方式对麦后免耕复播滴灌青贮玉米生物产量及品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(4):589-595.[Li Xin,Diao Ming,Wei Lie,et al.Different configurations on biological yield and quality of no-tillage dripped irrigation silage corn planting after wheat[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2016,53(4):589-595.]
[15]阿·依·约翰逊,魏廷辉译.坡地土壤耕作[J].中亚科技信息,1985(4):18-20.[A Yi Johnson,Wei Tinghui.Tillage on slope land[J].Central Asia Science and Technology Information,1985(4):18-20.]
[16]赖先齐.中国绿洲农业学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.[Lai Xianqi.The Oasis Agriculture in China[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,2005.]
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