猪舍氨气防控措施研究进展
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摘要
养猪生产中产生的氨气严重影响生猪健康,降低猪只免疫力,从而诱发疾病,降低了养猪生产效益。此外,氨气排放会对大气环境造成污染、引起土壤和水体的酸化。如何减少和控制猪舍氨气排放成为近年来的研究热点。本文将从饲料源头、生产过程和末端控制3个阶段减少猪舍氨气排放的研究现状做一综述,以期为规模化养猪生产提供参考。
Ammonia produced in pig production seriously affects the health of pigs and reduces the immunity of pigs, which induce more diseases and reduce the benefits of pig production. Ammonia emissions also pollute the atmospheric environment and cause soil and water acidification. How to reduce and control ammonia emission from piggery is a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, the research progress of Ammonia emissions reduction in piggery from three stages of feed source, production process and end control was summarized in order to provide reference for large-scale pig production.
Ammonia produced in pig production seriously affects the health of pigs and reduces the immunity of pigs, which induce more diseases and reduce the benefits of pig production. Ammonia emissions also pollute the atmospheric environment and cause soil and water acidification. How to reduce and control ammonia emission from piggery is a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, the research progress of Ammonia emissions reduction in piggery from three stages of feed source, production process and end control was summarized in order to provide reference for large-scale pig production.
引文
[1] Donham K J, Rubino M, Thedell T D, et al. Potential health hazards to agricultural workers in swine confinement buildings[J].Occup Medi, 1977, 19(6):383-387.
[2] Haruta S, Cui Z, Huang Z, et al. Construction of a stable microbial community with high cellulose-degradation ability[J]. Appl Microbiol Biot, 2002, 59(4-5):529-534.
[3]唐雪峰,李建柱,黄立,等.禽舍中氨气的来源、危害和减排措施[J].家禽科学, 2018, 5(6):49-53.
[4]沈丽,于兴娜,项磊. 2006—2014年江苏省氨排放清单[J].中国环境科学, 2018(1):26-34.
[5] Van Kempen, T A T G, Baker D H, et al. Nitrogen losses in metabolism trials[J]. J Anim Sci, 2003, 81(10):2649-2650.
[6]美国国家科学学院科学研究委员会.猪营养需要[M].第11版,北京:科学出版社, 2012:216.
[7] Leek A B G, Callan J J, Henry R W, et al. The application of low crude protein wheat-soyabean diets to growing andfinishing pigs:1. the effect on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of boars and gilts[J]. Irish J Agric Food Res, 2005, 44(2):233-245.
[8] Leek A B G, Hayes E T, Curran T P, et al. The influence of manure composition on emissions of odour and ammonia from finishing pigs fed different concentrations of dietary crude protein[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2007, 98(18):3431-3439.
[9] Liu S, Ni J Q, Radcliffe J S, et al. Mitigation of ammonia emissions from pig production using reduced dietary crude protein with amino acid supplementation[J]. Bioresour Technol,2017, 233(Complete):200-208.
[10]孙国荣,任继明,薛惠琴,等.低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮对断奶仔猪生产性能和氮排放的影响[J].上海农业学报, 2011,27(3):114-117.
[11]朱美,山本.饲喂低蛋白、氨基酸补充饲料对生长猪尿氮排泄及粪便氨排放的影响[J].日本养猪学会, 2002, 39(1):1-7.
[12] Hansen M J, N?rgaard J V, Adamsen A P S, et al. Effect of reduced crude protein on ammonia, methane, and chemical odorants emitted from pig houses[J]. Lives Sci, 2014, 169:118-124.
[13]陈军,宋春雷,庄晓峰,等.低蛋白添加氨基酸日粮饲喂妊娠母猪试验[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2017(24):60-62.
[14]张光磊,蒋载阳,廖奇,等.低蛋白日粮对哺乳母猪生产性能和猪舍氨气浓度的影响[J].饲料博览, 2018(1):10-16.
[15] Lin L U, Liao X D, Luo X G. Nutritional strategies for reducing nitrogen, phosphorus and trace mineral excretions of livestock and poultry[J]. J Integr Agric, 2017, 16(12):2815-2833.
[16] Han Y K, Shin H T. Effects of antibiotics, copper sulfate and probiotics supplementation on performance and ammonia emission from slurry in growing pigs[J]. J Anim Sci Technol,2005, 47(4):537-546.
[17] Smith D R., Moore P A, Haggard B E, et al. Effect of aluminum chloride and dietary phytase on relative ammonia losses from swine manure[J]. J Anim Sci, 2004, 82(2):605-611.
[18]周学光,张胜斌,黄克宏,等.丝兰属提取物对降低封闭式妊娠母猪舍氨气浓度的试验[J].养猪, 2015(1):87-88.
[19] Panetta D M, Powers W J, Xin H, et al. Nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from pigs fed modified diets[J]. J Environ Qual, 2006, 35(4):1297-1308.
[20] Yoo J S, Cho J H, Chen Y G, et al. The effects of environmentfriendly diets on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility,fecal excretion, nitrogen excretion and emission gases in manure for growing pigs[J]. J Anim Sci Technol, 2007, 49(4):491-500.
[21]郑国卫,李义,瞿文学,等.益生菌对猪舍内氨气浓度的影响[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯, 2017(2):50-51.
[22] Zervas S, Zijlstra R T. Effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs[J]. J Anim Sci, 2002, 80(12):3247-3256.
[23] Hansen M J, Andre C, Tauson A H. Influence of different fibre sources in diets for growing pigs on chemical composition of faeces and slurry and ammonia emission from slurry[J]. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 2007, 134(3):326-336.
[24]周学光,张胜斌,梁秀珍,等.丝兰属提取物对降低封闭式妊娠母猪舍氨气浓度的试验[J].猪业科学, 2015(7):91-92.
[25] Yoo J S, Cho J H, Chen Y G, et al. The effects of environmentfriendly diets on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility,fecal excretion, nitrogen excretion and emission gases in manure for growing pigs[J]. J Anim Sci Technol, 2007, 49(4):491-500.
[26]李松勋.猪饲料添加天然沸石的效果试验[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯, 1991(5):32-33.
[27] Zhao P, Li H, Lei Y. et al. Effect of fermented medicinal plants on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emissions, and diarrhea score in weanling pigs[J]. J Sci Food Agric, 2015, 96(4):1269-1274.
[28]冯跃进,顾宪红.热应激对猪肉品质的影响及其机制的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2013, 40(2):96-99.
[29]李保明,施正香,王朝元,等.丹麦舍饲散养自然通风奶牛舍的空气环境分析[J].农业工程学报, 2004, 20(5):231-236.
[30]暴雪艳,张静,张楠,等.冬季分娩猪舍内主要有害气体分布规律及其影响因素探究[J].山西农业科学, 2018, 46(6):1019-1023.
[31] Pereira J, Fangueiro D, Missel T H, et al. Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from slatted and solid floors in dairy cattle houses:A scale model study[J]. Biosyst Eng, 2011, 109(2):148-157.
[32]戴四发,王立克,李如兰,等.密闭式种猪舍部分有害气体分布状况观测[J].安徽科技学院学报, 2004, 18(1):7-10.
[33] Collin A, Van milgen J, Dubois S, et al. Effect of high temperature on feeding behaviour and heat production in grouphoused young pigs[J]. Brit J Nutr, 2001, 86(1):63-70.
[34]曹传闺,甘叶青,卞益,等.微生物发酵床生态养猪的应用试验[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯, 2014(6):46-47.
[35]刘波,蓝江林,余文权,等.低位微生物发酵床养猪舍的设计与应用[J].氨基酸和生物资源, 2016, 38(3):68-72.
[36]齐刚,王守山.微生物发酵床与水泥地面养猪方式对比效果的观察[J].现代畜牧兽医, 2011(7):67-69.
[37] Panetta D M, Powers W J, Lorimor J C. Management strategy impacts on ammonia volatilization from swine manure[J]. J Environ Qual, 2005, 34(3):1119-1130.
[38] Lachance I, Poiliot F, Godbout S, et al. Separation of pig manure under slats:to reduce releases in the environment:The2005 ASAE Annual International Meeting[Z]. Florida:Tampa Convention Center, 2005.
[39] Ni J Q, Heber A J, Diehl C A, et al. SE—structures and environment:ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide release from pig manure in under-floor deep pits[J]. J Agric Eng Res, 2000, 77(1):53-66.
[40]史清河.通过日粮调控减少猪排泄物中氨与硫化氢的产生与散发量[J].家畜生态学报, 2001, 22(1):34-39.
[41] Aarnink A J A, Verstegen M W A. Nutrition, key factor to reduce environmental load from pig production[J]. Livest Sci,2007, 109(1):194-203.
[42] Kim J H, Kim S C, Ko Y D. Effect of dietary zeolite on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs[J].Anim Sci Technol, 2005, 47(6):555-564.
[43] Zhang J, Li L, Liu J, et al. Effects of oxygen and water content on microbial distribution in the polyurethane foam cubes of a biofilter for SO2 removal[J]. J Environ Sci, 2018, 63(1):268-276.
[44]蒲施桦,杨松全,刘文,等.生物过滤器处理畜禽臭气效果研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医（上半月）, 2015(12):100-102.
[45] Tao X, Shang B, Dong H, et al. A Field-scale evaluation of compost biofiltration of ammonia volatilized from swine manure composting in a forced-aeration system[J]. T ASABE,2017, 60(2):369-375.
[46] Hartung E, Jungbluth T, Bascher W. Reduction of ammonia and odor emissions from a piggery with biofilters[J]. T ASABE,2001, 44(1):113-118.
[47] Taghipour H, Shahmansoury M R, Bina B, et al. Comparison of the biological NH3 removal characteristics of a three stage biofilter with a one stage biofilter[J]. Inter J Env Sci Technol,2006, 3(4):417-424.
[48]白林,龚兰芳,罗庆林,等.改进型生物过滤器对H2S和NH3混合气体去除效果的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010, 29(1):185-193.
[49] Dumont E, Hamon L, Lagadec S, et al. NH3 biofiltration of piggery air[J]. J Env Manag, 2014, 140(140C):26-32.
[50] Hartung J, Phillips V R. Control of gaseous emissions from livestock buildings and manure stores[J]. J Agric Eng Res,1994, 57(3):173-189.
[51]黄玉洁,陈贯虹,张强,等.微生物除臭剂在畜禽粪便无害化处理中的应用进展[J].当代畜牧, 2017(9):56-60.
[2] Haruta S, Cui Z, Huang Z, et al. Construction of a stable microbial community with high cellulose-degradation ability[J]. Appl Microbiol Biot, 2002, 59(4-5):529-534.
[3]唐雪峰,李建柱,黄立,等.禽舍中氨气的来源、危害和减排措施[J].家禽科学, 2018, 5(6):49-53.
[4]沈丽,于兴娜,项磊. 2006—2014年江苏省氨排放清单[J].中国环境科学, 2018(1):26-34.
[5] Van Kempen, T A T G, Baker D H, et al. Nitrogen losses in metabolism trials[J]. J Anim Sci, 2003, 81(10):2649-2650.
[6]美国国家科学学院科学研究委员会.猪营养需要[M].第11版,北京:科学出版社, 2012:216.
[7] Leek A B G, Callan J J, Henry R W, et al. The application of low crude protein wheat-soyabean diets to growing andfinishing pigs:1. the effect on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of boars and gilts[J]. Irish J Agric Food Res, 2005, 44(2):233-245.
[8] Leek A B G, Hayes E T, Curran T P, et al. The influence of manure composition on emissions of odour and ammonia from finishing pigs fed different concentrations of dietary crude protein[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2007, 98(18):3431-3439.
[9] Liu S, Ni J Q, Radcliffe J S, et al. Mitigation of ammonia emissions from pig production using reduced dietary crude protein with amino acid supplementation[J]. Bioresour Technol,2017, 233(Complete):200-208.
[10]孙国荣,任继明,薛惠琴,等.低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮对断奶仔猪生产性能和氮排放的影响[J].上海农业学报, 2011,27(3):114-117.
[11]朱美,山本.饲喂低蛋白、氨基酸补充饲料对生长猪尿氮排泄及粪便氨排放的影响[J].日本养猪学会, 2002, 39(1):1-7.
[12] Hansen M J, N?rgaard J V, Adamsen A P S, et al. Effect of reduced crude protein on ammonia, methane, and chemical odorants emitted from pig houses[J]. Lives Sci, 2014, 169:118-124.
[13]陈军,宋春雷,庄晓峰,等.低蛋白添加氨基酸日粮饲喂妊娠母猪试验[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2017(24):60-62.
[14]张光磊,蒋载阳,廖奇,等.低蛋白日粮对哺乳母猪生产性能和猪舍氨气浓度的影响[J].饲料博览, 2018(1):10-16.
[15] Lin L U, Liao X D, Luo X G. Nutritional strategies for reducing nitrogen, phosphorus and trace mineral excretions of livestock and poultry[J]. J Integr Agric, 2017, 16(12):2815-2833.
[16] Han Y K, Shin H T. Effects of antibiotics, copper sulfate and probiotics supplementation on performance and ammonia emission from slurry in growing pigs[J]. J Anim Sci Technol,2005, 47(4):537-546.
[17] Smith D R., Moore P A, Haggard B E, et al. Effect of aluminum chloride and dietary phytase on relative ammonia losses from swine manure[J]. J Anim Sci, 2004, 82(2):605-611.
[18]周学光,张胜斌,黄克宏,等.丝兰属提取物对降低封闭式妊娠母猪舍氨气浓度的试验[J].养猪, 2015(1):87-88.
[19] Panetta D M, Powers W J, Xin H, et al. Nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from pigs fed modified diets[J]. J Environ Qual, 2006, 35(4):1297-1308.
[20] Yoo J S, Cho J H, Chen Y G, et al. The effects of environmentfriendly diets on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility,fecal excretion, nitrogen excretion and emission gases in manure for growing pigs[J]. J Anim Sci Technol, 2007, 49(4):491-500.
[21]郑国卫,李义,瞿文学,等.益生菌对猪舍内氨气浓度的影响[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯, 2017(2):50-51.
[22] Zervas S, Zijlstra R T. Effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs[J]. J Anim Sci, 2002, 80(12):3247-3256.
[23] Hansen M J, Andre C, Tauson A H. Influence of different fibre sources in diets for growing pigs on chemical composition of faeces and slurry and ammonia emission from slurry[J]. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 2007, 134(3):326-336.
[24]周学光,张胜斌,梁秀珍,等.丝兰属提取物对降低封闭式妊娠母猪舍氨气浓度的试验[J].猪业科学, 2015(7):91-92.
[25] Yoo J S, Cho J H, Chen Y G, et al. The effects of environmentfriendly diets on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility,fecal excretion, nitrogen excretion and emission gases in manure for growing pigs[J]. J Anim Sci Technol, 2007, 49(4):491-500.
[26]李松勋.猪饲料添加天然沸石的效果试验[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯, 1991(5):32-33.
[27] Zhao P, Li H, Lei Y. et al. Effect of fermented medicinal plants on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emissions, and diarrhea score in weanling pigs[J]. J Sci Food Agric, 2015, 96(4):1269-1274.
[28]冯跃进,顾宪红.热应激对猪肉品质的影响及其机制的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2013, 40(2):96-99.
[29]李保明,施正香,王朝元,等.丹麦舍饲散养自然通风奶牛舍的空气环境分析[J].农业工程学报, 2004, 20(5):231-236.
[30]暴雪艳,张静,张楠,等.冬季分娩猪舍内主要有害气体分布规律及其影响因素探究[J].山西农业科学, 2018, 46(6):1019-1023.
[31] Pereira J, Fangueiro D, Missel T H, et al. Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from slatted and solid floors in dairy cattle houses:A scale model study[J]. Biosyst Eng, 2011, 109(2):148-157.
[32]戴四发,王立克,李如兰,等.密闭式种猪舍部分有害气体分布状况观测[J].安徽科技学院学报, 2004, 18(1):7-10.
[33] Collin A, Van milgen J, Dubois S, et al. Effect of high temperature on feeding behaviour and heat production in grouphoused young pigs[J]. Brit J Nutr, 2001, 86(1):63-70.
[34]曹传闺,甘叶青,卞益,等.微生物发酵床生态养猪的应用试验[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯, 2014(6):46-47.
[35]刘波,蓝江林,余文权,等.低位微生物发酵床养猪舍的设计与应用[J].氨基酸和生物资源, 2016, 38(3):68-72.
[36]齐刚,王守山.微生物发酵床与水泥地面养猪方式对比效果的观察[J].现代畜牧兽医, 2011(7):67-69.
[37] Panetta D M, Powers W J, Lorimor J C. Management strategy impacts on ammonia volatilization from swine manure[J]. J Environ Qual, 2005, 34(3):1119-1130.
[38] Lachance I, Poiliot F, Godbout S, et al. Separation of pig manure under slats:to reduce releases in the environment:The2005 ASAE Annual International Meeting[Z]. Florida:Tampa Convention Center, 2005.
[39] Ni J Q, Heber A J, Diehl C A, et al. SE—structures and environment:ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide release from pig manure in under-floor deep pits[J]. J Agric Eng Res, 2000, 77(1):53-66.
[40]史清河.通过日粮调控减少猪排泄物中氨与硫化氢的产生与散发量[J].家畜生态学报, 2001, 22(1):34-39.
[41] Aarnink A J A, Verstegen M W A. Nutrition, key factor to reduce environmental load from pig production[J]. Livest Sci,2007, 109(1):194-203.
[42] Kim J H, Kim S C, Ko Y D. Effect of dietary zeolite on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs[J].Anim Sci Technol, 2005, 47(6):555-564.
[43] Zhang J, Li L, Liu J, et al. Effects of oxygen and water content on microbial distribution in the polyurethane foam cubes of a biofilter for SO2 removal[J]. J Environ Sci, 2018, 63(1):268-276.
[44]蒲施桦,杨松全,刘文,等.生物过滤器处理畜禽臭气效果研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医（上半月）, 2015(12):100-102.
[45] Tao X, Shang B, Dong H, et al. A Field-scale evaluation of compost biofiltration of ammonia volatilized from swine manure composting in a forced-aeration system[J]. T ASABE,2017, 60(2):369-375.
[46] Hartung E, Jungbluth T, Bascher W. Reduction of ammonia and odor emissions from a piggery with biofilters[J]. T ASABE,2001, 44(1):113-118.
[47] Taghipour H, Shahmansoury M R, Bina B, et al. Comparison of the biological NH3 removal characteristics of a three stage biofilter with a one stage biofilter[J]. Inter J Env Sci Technol,2006, 3(4):417-424.
[48]白林,龚兰芳,罗庆林,等.改进型生物过滤器对H2S和NH3混合气体去除效果的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010, 29(1):185-193.
[49] Dumont E, Hamon L, Lagadec S, et al. NH3 biofiltration of piggery air[J]. J Env Manag, 2014, 140(140C):26-32.
[50] Hartung J, Phillips V R. Control of gaseous emissions from livestock buildings and manure stores[J]. J Agric Eng Res,1994, 57(3):173-189.
[51]黄玉洁,陈贯虹,张强,等.微生物除臭剂在畜禽粪便无害化处理中的应用进展[J].当代畜牧, 2017(9):56-60.
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