荆芥幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应
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摘要
为探究盐胁迫对荆芥幼苗生理特性的影响,采用盆栽砂培试验,研究不同浓度盐胁迫(0、25、50、75和100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl)下荆芥幼苗生长、质膜稳定性、渗透调节、抗氧化酶系统、离子吸收和分配的变化。结果表明,随着盐浓度的增加,荆芥盐害指数逐渐升高,幼苗株高增加速率和比叶面积均逐渐降低,单株干重和叶绿素含量均呈先增加后减少的趋势,且均在25 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下达到最大;叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量和电解质渗漏率均显著增加;可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均呈先增加后减少趋势,且分别在50和75 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下达到最大,而可溶性糖含量则不断上升;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,在25 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下达到最大,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性则持续下降。盐胁迫下,荆芥的根、茎、叶大量积累Na~+,但主要集中在地上部分,同时各部位K~+、Ca~(2+)含量及K~+/Na~+、Ca~(2+)/Na~+值均显著下降。综上,荆芥幼苗对盐胁迫极为敏感,但对低浓度的盐胁迫(25 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl)具有一定的耐受性。本研究结果为荆芥的规范化栽培和抗逆驯化研究奠定了理论基础。
In order to study the effects of salt stress on the physiology of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., seedlings were transplanted into pots with quartz sands and then subjected to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl. Changes of the growth, membrane stability, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant enzyme system and ion absorption and distribution of S. tenuifolia seedlings were then studied. The results showed that as salt concentration increased, salt injury index of S. tenuifolia seedlings rose gradually, increasing rate of plant height and specific leaf area decreased, but the dry weight and chlorophyll content increased initially and then reduced, in which both indexes were the highest at 25 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl. Malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage percentage were induced to increase significantly by salt treatment. Contents of soluble protein and proline increased and then decreased as concentration rose further, in which they were the highest at 50 and 75 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl, respectively, while a continuously rising trend in soluble sugar content was shown; the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were enhanced at 25 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl but then inhibited at higher concentrations, while that of peroxidase(POD) declined continuously. Under salt stress, accumulation of Na~+ in root, stem and leaf was enhanced, especially in the aerial parts, but K~+ and Ca~(2+) content, K~+/Na~+, Ca~(2+)/Na~+ decreased remarkably. In summary, S. tenuifolia seedlings were sensitive to salt stress, but could be tolerant of mild salt stress(25 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl). This study provides a theoretical basis for the standardized cultivation, stress resistance and domestication research ofS. tenuifolia.
In order to study the effects of salt stress on the physiology of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., seedlings were transplanted into pots with quartz sands and then subjected to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl. Changes of the growth, membrane stability, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant enzyme system and ion absorption and distribution of S. tenuifolia seedlings were then studied. The results showed that as salt concentration increased, salt injury index of S. tenuifolia seedlings rose gradually, increasing rate of plant height and specific leaf area decreased, but the dry weight and chlorophyll content increased initially and then reduced, in which both indexes were the highest at 25 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl. Malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage percentage were induced to increase significantly by salt treatment. Contents of soluble protein and proline increased and then decreased as concentration rose further, in which they were the highest at 50 and 75 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl, respectively, while a continuously rising trend in soluble sugar content was shown; the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were enhanced at 25 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl but then inhibited at higher concentrations, while that of peroxidase(POD) declined continuously. Under salt stress, accumulation of Na~+ in root, stem and leaf was enhanced, especially in the aerial parts, but K~+ and Ca~(2+) content, K~+/Na~+, Ca~(2+)/Na~+ decreased remarkably. In summary, S. tenuifolia seedlings were sensitive to salt stress, but could be tolerant of mild salt stress(25 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl). This study provides a theoretical basis for the standardized cultivation, stress resistance and domestication research ofS. tenuifolia.
引文
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[2] Rengasamy P. Soil processes affecting crop production in salt-affected soils[J]. Functional Plant Biology, 2010, 37(7): 613-620
[3] 蔡晓锋, 胡体旭, 叶杰, 张余洋, 李汉霞, 叶志彪. 植物盐胁迫抗性的分子机制研究进展[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2015, 34(3): 134-141
[4] 张金林, 李惠茹, 郭姝媛, 王锁民, 施华中, 韩庆庆, 包爱科, 马清. 高等植物适应盐逆境研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(12): 220-236
[5] 国家药典委员会. 中国药典[M]. 2015年版第一部.北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2015
[6] 张亚萍. 防蚊微胶囊的制备及其在真丝织物上的应用[D]. 杭州: 浙江理工大学, 2016
[7] Choi Ⅰ H, Park J Y, Shin S C, Kim J H, Park Ⅰ K. Nematicidal activity of medicinal plant essential oils against the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)[J]. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2007, 42(3): 397-401
[8] 秦红艳, 艾军, 李昌禹, 张宝香, 赵滢, 沈育杰. 山葡萄组培苗盐害指数和耐盐指数主成分分析[J]. 北方园艺, 2013(16): 18-21
[9] 王学奎. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 第2版. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006
[10] 李合生, 孙群, 赵世杰. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 第2版. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2006
[11] Tuna A L, Kaya C, Ashraf M, Altunlu H, Yokas Ⅰ, Yagmur B. The effects of calcium sulphate on growth, membrane stability and nutrient uptake of tomato plants grown under salt stress[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2007, 59(2): 173-178
[12] 王树凤, 胡韵雪, 李志兰, 孙海菁, 陈益泰. 盐胁迫对弗吉尼亚栎生长及矿质离子吸收、运输和分配的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(17): 4609-4616
[13] Pérezharguindeguy N, Díaz S, Garnier E, Lavorel S, Poorter H, Jaureguiberry P, Bret-Harte M S, Cornwell W K, Craine J M, Gurvich D E, Urcelay C, Veneklaas E J, Reich P B, Poorter L, Wright Ⅰ J, Ray P, Enrico L, Pausas J G, de Vos A C, Buchmann N, Funes G, Quétier F, Hodgson J G, Thompson K, Morgan H D, ter Steege H, van der Heijden MGA, Sack L, Blonder B, Poschlod P, Vaieretti M Ⅴ, Conti G, Staver A C, Aquino S, Cornelissen J H C. New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide[J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 2013, 61(3): 167-234
[14] 祁建, 马克明, 张育新. 北京东灵山不同坡位辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)叶属性的比较[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(1): 122-128
[15] 刘正祥, 张华新, 杨升, 杨秀艳, 狄文彬. NaCl胁迫对沙枣幼苗生长和光合特性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2014, 50(1): 32-40
[16] 赵生龙, 曾凡江, 张波, 刘波, 高欢欢, 罗瀚林. 盐分胁迫对骆驼刺幼苗叶片性状的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2016, 33(9): 1770-1778
[17] 刘爱荣, 张远兵, 方园园, 李伟, 陈志扬. 盐胁迫对金盏菊生长、抗氧化能力和盐胁迫蛋白的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 52-59
[18] Matoh T, Murata S. Sodium stimulates growth of Panicum coloratum through enhanced photosynthesis[J]. Plant Physiology, 1990, 92(4): 1169-1173
[19] 张利霞, 常青山, 侯小改, 刘伟, 李晓鹏, 高宇航, 张秀丽, 丁生运, 肖瑞雪, 张耀, 邓永恒. NaCl胁迫对夏枯草幼苗抗氧化能力及光合特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(11): 167-175
[20] 樊怀福, 郭世荣, 焦彦生, 张润花, 李娟. 外源一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长、活性氧代谢和光合特性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2007, 27(2): 546-553
[21] 杨升, 张华新, 陈秋夏, 杨秀艳. NaCl胁迫下不同种源沙枣的生理特性[J]. 核农学报, 2015, 29(11): 2215-2223
[22] 高彩婷, 刘景辉, 张玉芹, 徐寿君, 张玉霞. 短期盐胁迫下燕麦幼苗的生理响应[J]. 草地学报, 2017, 25(2): 337-343
[23] 岳健敏, 任琼, 张金池. 植物盐耐机理研究进展[J]. 林业科技开发, 2015, 29(5): 9-13
[24] 王雨, 马立敏, 周睿颖, 唐晓清, 白钰. 盐胁迫对5个产地菘蓝幼苗光合特性及抗逆指标的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2017, 40(3): 416-424
[25] Mittler R. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2002, 7(9): 405-410
[26] Gill S S, Tuteja N. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2010, 48(12): 909-930
[27] 杨舒贻, 陈晓阳, 惠文凯, 任颖,马玲. 逆境胁迫下植物抗氧化酶系统响应研究进展[J]. 福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 45(5): 481-489
[28] 朱金方, 刘京涛, 陆兆华, 夏江宝, 柳海宁, 金悦. 盐胁迫对中国柽柳幼苗生理特性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(15): 5140-5146
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