山地果园机械化:发展瓶颈与国外经验借鉴
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摘要
果品经济是大部分地区尤其是丘陵山地地区农业经济的增长来源,但面临着机械化程度较低、雇工成本过高的发展难题,导致经济效益难以实现。为此,一方面基于广东省典型山地果园的实地调查,分析山地果园机械化的发展瓶颈与生产者的实际需求;另一方面梳理国外文献,归纳国外一些国家与地区的果园机械化发展情况。在前面的基础上,针对我国山地果园机械化发展提出了改善建议与措施,以期为更好地促进山地果园机械化发展、推动农民增收与乡村发展提供参考。
The economy of fruit is the growth source of agricultural economy in most areas,especially hilly areas. However,it is faced with the problems of low mechanization and high labor costs,which has led to difficulties in achieving economic benefits. In this regard,based on field surveys of typical mountainous orchards in Guangdong Province,this paper analyzes the development bottleneck of the mechanization of orchards in the mountains and the actual needs of the producers; on the other hand,it sorts out foreign literature and summarizes the development of orchard mechanization in some foreign countries and regions. Based on the foregoing,the article puts forward suggestions and measures for the improvement of the mechanization of mountain orchards in China in order to provide a reference for the promotion of the mechanized development of mountain orchards and for the promotion of farmers' income and rural development.
The economy of fruit is the growth source of agricultural economy in most areas,especially hilly areas. However,it is faced with the problems of low mechanization and high labor costs,which has led to difficulties in achieving economic benefits. In this regard,based on field surveys of typical mountainous orchards in Guangdong Province,this paper analyzes the development bottleneck of the mechanization of orchards in the mountains and the actual needs of the producers; on the other hand,it sorts out foreign literature and summarizes the development of orchard mechanization in some foreign countries and regions. Based on the foregoing,the article puts forward suggestions and measures for the improvement of the mechanization of mountain orchards in China in order to provide a reference for the promotion of the mechanized development of mountain orchards and for the promotion of farmers' income and rural development.
引文
[1]郑旭芸,庄丽娟.中国热带水果比较优势变动及竞争力分析[J].世界农业,2015(6):127-131.
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[3]孟祥金,沈从举,汤智辉,等.果园作业机械的现状与发展[J].农机化研究,2012,34(1):238-241.
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[5]盛玲玲,宋淑然,洪添胜,等.广东省山地果园机械化现状与发展思考[J].农机化研究,2017,39(11):257-262.
[6]赵映,肖宏儒,梅松,等.我国果园机械化生产现状与发展策略[J].中国农业大学学报,2017(6):116-127.
[7]杨洲,李雪平,李君,等.果园钢索牵引悬挂式货运系统关键部件设计[J].农业工程学报,2014(7):18-24.
[8]王加更,王藕芳.山丘坡地梨园适用机械选择与使用效果分析[J].中国南方果树,2014(4):137-139.
[9]何华平,谢寒松.机械作业与人力抽槽建园工效比较[J].中国南方果树,2000(5):26.
[10]王新,赵斯琪,王力扬,等.果园作业车稳定性控制方法研究[J].农业机械学报,2015(5):13-19.
[11] Serrano M,Mart'nez-Romero D,Castillo S.Role of calcium and heat treatments in alleviating physiological changes induced by mechanical damage in plum[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2004,34(2):155-157.
[12] Remon,Venturini,Lopez-Buesa. Burlat cherry quality after long range transport:optimization of packaging conditions[J]. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies,2003,2(4):425-434.
[13] R C,Scherrer-Montero L C,Dos Santos C S A. Mechanical Damages Increase Respiratory Rates of Citrus Fruit[J].International Journal of Fruit Science,2011,11(3):256-263.
[14]周然,李云飞.不同强度的运输振动对黄花梨的机械损伤及贮藏品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007(11):255-259.
[15]白学峰,鲁植雄,常江雪,等.中国农业机械化现状与发展模式研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(10):256-262.
[16]罗必良.论服务规模经营—从纵向分工到横向分工及连片专业化[J].中国农村经济,2017(11):2-16.
[17]张标,张领先,傅泽田,等.农业组织对农业机械应用需求与购买因素研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(5):10-17.
[18] Calvin L,Martin P. The US produce industry and labor:facing the future in a global economy[R]. Economic Research Report-Economic Research Service,USDA,2010.
[19] Huffman W E.The status of labor-saving mechanization in US fruit and vegetable harvesting[J]. Choices,2012,27(2):1-34.
[20] Morinaga K,Sumikawa O,Kawamoto O,et al.New technologies and systems for high quality citrus fruit production,labor-saving and orchard construction in mountain areas of Japan[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2005,2(1):59.
[21] Popkin B M. Agricultural policies,food and public health[J].EMBO reports,2011,12(1):11-18.
[22] Malhotra S K. Status and Policy interventions for Hi-Tech production of fruits[J]. Winter school compendium on Hitech intervention in fruit production towards hastening productivity,nutritional quality and value addition,2017(11):1-21.
[23] Peterson D L.Harvest mechanization progress and prospects for fresh market quality deciduous tree fruits[J].Hort Technology,2005,15(1):72-75.
[24] Xu K. Making Apple Trees Friendlier for Mechanized Harvesting[J].New York Fruit Quarterly,2016,24(3):29-32.
[25] Islam M S,Shirazul D.Farm mechanization for sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh:Problems and prospects[C]//Manila,Philippines:United Nations Asian and Pacific Centre for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery,2009.
[26] Singh G. Agricultural Machinery Industry in India(Manufacturing,marketing and mechanization promotion)[J].Status of Farm Mechanization in India,2006,4(2):154-174.
[27]鄢小兵,徐艳兰,黄英.农业机械化对农业产业集聚的支撑研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(9):264-268.
[2]缪建群,杨文亭,黄国勤.南方丘陵区农业机械化发展研究——以江西省余干县为例[J].农机化研究,2016,38(4):264-268.
[3]孟祥金,沈从举,汤智辉,等.果园作业机械的现状与发展[J].农机化研究,2012,34(1):238-241.
[4]刘燕,胡进鑫,谭本垠,等.我国果园机械的现状与发展趋势浅析[J].农业开发与装备,2014(6):66-80.
[5]盛玲玲,宋淑然,洪添胜,等.广东省山地果园机械化现状与发展思考[J].农机化研究,2017,39(11):257-262.
[6]赵映,肖宏儒,梅松,等.我国果园机械化生产现状与发展策略[J].中国农业大学学报,2017(6):116-127.
[7]杨洲,李雪平,李君,等.果园钢索牵引悬挂式货运系统关键部件设计[J].农业工程学报,2014(7):18-24.
[8]王加更,王藕芳.山丘坡地梨园适用机械选择与使用效果分析[J].中国南方果树,2014(4):137-139.
[9]何华平,谢寒松.机械作业与人力抽槽建园工效比较[J].中国南方果树,2000(5):26.
[10]王新,赵斯琪,王力扬,等.果园作业车稳定性控制方法研究[J].农业机械学报,2015(5):13-19.
[11] Serrano M,Mart'nez-Romero D,Castillo S.Role of calcium and heat treatments in alleviating physiological changes induced by mechanical damage in plum[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2004,34(2):155-157.
[12] Remon,Venturini,Lopez-Buesa. Burlat cherry quality after long range transport:optimization of packaging conditions[J]. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies,2003,2(4):425-434.
[13] R C,Scherrer-Montero L C,Dos Santos C S A. Mechanical Damages Increase Respiratory Rates of Citrus Fruit[J].International Journal of Fruit Science,2011,11(3):256-263.
[14]周然,李云飞.不同强度的运输振动对黄花梨的机械损伤及贮藏品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007(11):255-259.
[15]白学峰,鲁植雄,常江雪,等.中国农业机械化现状与发展模式研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(10):256-262.
[16]罗必良.论服务规模经营—从纵向分工到横向分工及连片专业化[J].中国农村经济,2017(11):2-16.
[17]张标,张领先,傅泽田,等.农业组织对农业机械应用需求与购买因素研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(5):10-17.
[18] Calvin L,Martin P. The US produce industry and labor:facing the future in a global economy[R]. Economic Research Report-Economic Research Service,USDA,2010.
[19] Huffman W E.The status of labor-saving mechanization in US fruit and vegetable harvesting[J]. Choices,2012,27(2):1-34.
[20] Morinaga K,Sumikawa O,Kawamoto O,et al.New technologies and systems for high quality citrus fruit production,labor-saving and orchard construction in mountain areas of Japan[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2005,2(1):59.
[21] Popkin B M. Agricultural policies,food and public health[J].EMBO reports,2011,12(1):11-18.
[22] Malhotra S K. Status and Policy interventions for Hi-Tech production of fruits[J]. Winter school compendium on Hitech intervention in fruit production towards hastening productivity,nutritional quality and value addition,2017(11):1-21.
[23] Peterson D L.Harvest mechanization progress and prospects for fresh market quality deciduous tree fruits[J].Hort Technology,2005,15(1):72-75.
[24] Xu K. Making Apple Trees Friendlier for Mechanized Harvesting[J].New York Fruit Quarterly,2016,24(3):29-32.
[25] Islam M S,Shirazul D.Farm mechanization for sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh:Problems and prospects[C]//Manila,Philippines:United Nations Asian and Pacific Centre for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery,2009.
[26] Singh G. Agricultural Machinery Industry in India(Manufacturing,marketing and mechanization promotion)[J].Status of Farm Mechanization in India,2006,4(2):154-174.
[27]鄢小兵,徐艳兰,黄英.农业机械化对农业产业集聚的支撑研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(9):264-268.
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