腐秆剂用量、含水量及初始碳氮比对水稻秸秆腐解性能的影响初探
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摘要
为了探明秸秆腐解的最佳初始条件,为腐熟秸秆还田提供科学依据,以水稻秸秆为腐解对象,设置不同的"金葵子"腐秆剂用量(因素A:A_0、A_(0.5)、A_(1.0);%)、含水量(因素B:B_(50)、B_(60)、B_(70);%)及初始碳氮(C/N)比(因素C:C_(20)、C_(22)、C_(25))等初始条件,进行正交试验,研究水稻秸秆腐解过程中pH、种子发芽指数(GI)、C/N比、腐解率(DR)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)及紫外光谱参数(SUVA_(280)、E_2/E_3和A_(226-400))等指标的动态变化,以确定这些初始条件对水稻秸秆腐解性能的影响。结果表明,(1)在腐解过程中,所有处理GI和DR值均随着腐解的进行逐渐升高;A_0B_(70)C_(25)和A_(0.5)B_(70)C_(22)处理C/N比持续下降,其他处理先升高后下降;A_0B_(50)C_(20)和A_(1.0)B_(70)C_(20)处理DOC含量先升高后下降,其他处理持续升高,紫外光谱参数的变化反映了水溶性有机物芳香性结构和腐殖化程度变化情况。(2)腐解结束时,未腐熟完全的A_(0)B_(50)C_(20)处理pH、GI和DR值(分别为7.05、34.9%和30.7%)明显较低,其C/N比(25.7)则明显较高,而大多数处理pH值符合腐熟堆肥标准(8.00-9.00),GI值符合毒性较低(≥50%)或完全腐熟状态(≥80%);A_0B_(70)C_(25)、A_(0.5)B_(70)C_(22)和A_(1.0)B_(60)C_(25)处理C/N比(分别为13.1、14.4、16.4)基本符合腐解产物最佳C/N比标准(15.0);A_(0.5)B_(70)C_(22)处理DR值(47.1%)最高。通过紫外光谱参数测定来预测GI值大小,为判断秸秆是否腐熟完全提供了一种替代性评价方法。直观分析法表明,水稻秸秆腐解最佳初始条件为"金葵子"腐秆剂0.5%、含水量70%、初始C/N比25;腐秆剂用量对DOC含量影响最大,含水量对C/N比、DR、SUVA280、E_2/E_3和A_(226-400)值影响最大,初始C/N比对pH和GI值影响最大。
In the present study, the effect of different "Jinkuizi" decomposition agent dosages(Factor A: A_0, A_(0.5), and A_(1.0); %),moisture contents(Factor B: B_(50), B_(60), and B_(70); %), and initial C/N ratios(Factor C: C_(20), C_(22), and C_(25)) on rice straw decomposition was investigated using an orthogonal test design, in order to find out the best initial conditions for decomposing straw and provide a scientific basis for decomposed straw returning to the fields. Decomposition indicators such as pH, germination index(GI), C/N ratio, decomposing ratio(DR), dissolved organic carbon(DOC), and ultraviolet spectral parameters(SUVA_(280), E_2/E_3, and A_(226-400))were analyzed. Results showed that during the decomposition period, the GI and DR values for all treatments gradually increased as the decomposition progressed. The C/N ratios for the A_0 B_(70) C_(25) and A_(0.5) B_(70) C_(22) treatments continuously decreased, while those for the other treatments first increased and then decreased. The DOC contents for the A_0 B_(50) C_(20) and A_(1.0) B_(70) C_(20) treatments first increased and then decreased, while there was an increasing trend for the other treatments. The variation of aromatic structure and humification degree of dissolved organic matter was well linked to the variations of ultraviolet spectral parameters obtained from the rice straw compost. At the end of the decomposition period, the p H, GI, and DR values(7.05, 34.9%, and 30.7%, respectively) declined dramatically, whereas the C/N ratio(25.7) was very high in the incompletely decomposed A_0 B_(50) C_(20) treatment. For all the employed treatments(except A_0 B_(50) C_(20)), the pH values were found in accordance with the required standard of compost maturity(8.00-9.00),while the higher GI values indicated low toxicity(≥50%) or fully decomposed state(≥80%). The C/N ratios for the A_0 B_(70) C_(25),A_(0.5) B_(70) C_(22), and A_(1.0) B_(60) C_(25)(13.1, 14.4, and 16.4, respectively) treatments were consistent with the best-fit value(15.0), and the highest DR value(47.1%) was found in the A_(0.5) B_(70) C_(22) treatment. The GI value could be inferred from ultraviolet spectral parameter detection, which provided an alternative evaluation method for determining whether the rice straw compost was fully decomposed.Under such controlled experimental conditions, the optimal initial requirements for rice straw decomposition were determined to be a decomposition agent dosage of 0.5%, moisture content of 70%, and initial C/N ratio of 25. Further analysis showed that the decomposition agent dosage had the greatest influence on the DOC content; the moisture content had the greatest influences on the C/N ratio, DR, SUVA_(280), E_2/E_3, and A_(226-400) values; and the initial C/N ratio had the greatest influences on the pH and GI values.
In the present study, the effect of different "Jinkuizi" decomposition agent dosages(Factor A: A_0, A_(0.5), and A_(1.0); %),moisture contents(Factor B: B_(50), B_(60), and B_(70); %), and initial C/N ratios(Factor C: C_(20), C_(22), and C_(25)) on rice straw decomposition was investigated using an orthogonal test design, in order to find out the best initial conditions for decomposing straw and provide a scientific basis for decomposed straw returning to the fields. Decomposition indicators such as pH, germination index(GI), C/N ratio, decomposing ratio(DR), dissolved organic carbon(DOC), and ultraviolet spectral parameters(SUVA_(280), E_2/E_3, and A_(226-400))were analyzed. Results showed that during the decomposition period, the GI and DR values for all treatments gradually increased as the decomposition progressed. The C/N ratios for the A_0 B_(70) C_(25) and A_(0.5) B_(70) C_(22) treatments continuously decreased, while those for the other treatments first increased and then decreased. The DOC contents for the A_0 B_(50) C_(20) and A_(1.0) B_(70) C_(20) treatments first increased and then decreased, while there was an increasing trend for the other treatments. The variation of aromatic structure and humification degree of dissolved organic matter was well linked to the variations of ultraviolet spectral parameters obtained from the rice straw compost. At the end of the decomposition period, the p H, GI, and DR values(7.05, 34.9%, and 30.7%, respectively) declined dramatically, whereas the C/N ratio(25.7) was very high in the incompletely decomposed A_0 B_(50) C_(20) treatment. For all the employed treatments(except A_0 B_(50) C_(20)), the pH values were found in accordance with the required standard of compost maturity(8.00-9.00),while the higher GI values indicated low toxicity(≥50%) or fully decomposed state(≥80%). The C/N ratios for the A_0 B_(70) C_(25),A_(0.5) B_(70) C_(22), and A_(1.0) B_(60) C_(25)(13.1, 14.4, and 16.4, respectively) treatments were consistent with the best-fit value(15.0), and the highest DR value(47.1%) was found in the A_(0.5) B_(70) C_(22) treatment. The GI value could be inferred from ultraviolet spectral parameter detection, which provided an alternative evaluation method for determining whether the rice straw compost was fully decomposed.Under such controlled experimental conditions, the optimal initial requirements for rice straw decomposition were determined to be a decomposition agent dosage of 0.5%, moisture content of 70%, and initial C/N ratio of 25. Further analysis showed that the decomposition agent dosage had the greatest influence on the DOC content; the moisture content had the greatest influences on the C/N ratio, DR, SUVA_(280), E_2/E_3, and A_(226-400) values; and the initial C/N ratio had the greatest influences on the pH and GI values.
引文
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WEI H W,WANG L H,HASSAN M,et al.,2018.Succession of the functional microbial communities and the metabolic functions in maize straw composting process[J].Bioresource Technology,256:333-341.
ZANG X Y,LIU M T,FAN Y H,et al.,2018.The structural and functional contributions ofβ-glucosidase-producing microbial communities to cellulose degradation in composting[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,51(11):2-3.
ZHU N W,2006.Composting of high moisture content swine manure with corncob in a pilot-scale aerated static bin system[J].Bioresource Technology,97(15):1870-1875.
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艾士奇,赵一全,孙志远,等,2018.复合菌系降解纤维素过程中微生物群落结构的变化[J].生物工程学报,34(11):1794-1808.AI S Q,ZHAO Y Q,SUN Z Y,et al.,2018.Change of bacterial community structure during cellulose degradation by the microbial consortium[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,34(11):1794-1808.
陈帅,刘峥嵘,曾凯,2016.腐秆剂对水稻秸秆腐解性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,10(2):839-844.CHEN S,LIU Z R,ZENG K,2016.Effect of straw-decomposing inoculant on decomposition of rice straw[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,10(2):839-844.
陈雅娟,霍培书,程旭艳,等,2012.物料C/N比对鸡粪锯末高温堆肥腐熟过程主要指标的影响研究[J].中国农业大学学报,17(5):118-123.CHEN Y J,HUO P S,CHENG X Y,et al.,2012.Effects of different C/N of composting materials on main indexes of high-temperature aerobic composting of chicken manure and sawdust[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,17(5):118-123.
陈亚楠,张长华,梁永江,等,2014.玉米秸秆堆肥的田间积制和原位还田肥效[J].应用生态学报,25(12):3507-3513.CHEN Y N,ZHANG C H,LIANG Y J,et al.,2014.Corn straw composting in the field and in situ fertilizer effect[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,25(12):3507-3513.
广东省耕地肥料总站,2017.关于印发《广东省开展果菜茶药有机肥替代化肥行动方案》的通知[EB/OL].http://www.gdagri.gov.cn/zwgk/tzgg/201704/t20170407_584362.html.Guangdong General Station of Cultivated Land and Fertilizer,2017.Circular on printing and distributing the action plan for replacing the chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers for fruit,vegetable,tea,and Chinese herb in Guangdong Province[EB/OL].http://www.gdagri.gov.cn/zwgk/tzgg/201704/t20170407_584362.html.
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