大亚湾西部海域沉积物中生物硅的含量及其分布特征
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摘要
采用2. 0 mol/dm~3Na_2CO_3溶液5h单点化学提取-硅钼蓝连续分光光度分析法分别测定了大亚湾西部海域13个表层沉积物和1个沉积物岩芯中生物硅的含量.表层沉积物和沉积物岩芯中生物硅含量占比分别为0. 69%～2. 02%和1. 24%～2. 05%,平均值分别为1. 42%和1. 60%.结果证实西大亚湾沉积物中生物硅含量水平与我国南海近岸海域基本一致.在210Pbex测年的基础上,通过分析沉积物岩芯中生物硅、有机物、无机碳等多指标,揭示近百年来大亚湾周边环境变化对海洋环境的影响,证实了上世纪80年代以来西大亚湾周边农业、海水养殖业和工业发展等人类活动加剧了该海域生态环境变化,尤其90年代核电站运行对海洋生态变化造成一定的影响.
Thirteen surface sediments and one sediment core were collected from the west Daya Bay( WDB). Biogenic silica( BSi) contents( SiO2%) in the sediments were measured using a single time digestion technique with2. 0 mol/dm3 Na2 CO3 solution and the flow-injection molybdate-blue spectrophotometric method. BSi contents in surface and the core sediments were in the range of 0. 69%-2. 02% and 1. 24%-2. 05%,with mean values of1. 42% and 1. 60%,respectively. As results,BSi contents in the WDB were basically at the similar level as those of other coastal areas of the South China Sea. The profiles of BSi contents,loss on ignition,total organic carbon( TOC) and other factors in the sediment core dated with210 Pbexmethod,were analyzed to reveal the impacts of marine environmental change of the WDB in recent 100 years. The marine environment change in WDB was aggravated due to the aquaculture,agricultural and industrial development and the other human activities since 1980 s,especially the commercial operation of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in 1990 s.
Thirteen surface sediments and one sediment core were collected from the west Daya Bay( WDB). Biogenic silica( BSi) contents( SiO2%) in the sediments were measured using a single time digestion technique with2. 0 mol/dm3 Na2 CO3 solution and the flow-injection molybdate-blue spectrophotometric method. BSi contents in surface and the core sediments were in the range of 0. 69%-2. 02% and 1. 24%-2. 05%,with mean values of1. 42% and 1. 60%,respectively. As results,BSi contents in the WDB were basically at the similar level as those of other coastal areas of the South China Sea. The profiles of BSi contents,loss on ignition,total organic carbon( TOC) and other factors in the sediment core dated with210 Pbexmethod,were analyzed to reveal the impacts of marine environmental change of the WDB in recent 100 years. The marine environment change in WDB was aggravated due to the aquaculture,agricultural and industrial development and the other human activities since 1980 s,especially the commercial operation of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in 1990 s.
引文
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[23]张兰兰,陈木宏,向荣,等.南海南部表层沉积物中生物硅的分布及其环境意义[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(3):24-29.
[24]周鹏,李冬梅,刘广山,等.南海东北部和南部海域表层沉积物生物硅研究[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(4):40-47.
[25]毛洁,杨宇峰,谷阳光,等.汕头南澳养殖区表层沉积物中生源要素的分布及其污染评价[J].生态科学,2012,31(3):252-258.
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[28]谷阳光,王朝晖,杨宇峰,等.大亚湾表层沉积物中生源要素的季节分布及污染评价[J].分析测试学报,2010,29(9):906-912.
[29]王汝建,李建.南海ODP1143站第四纪高分辨率的蛋白石记录及其古生产力意义[J].科学通报,2003,48(1):74-77.
[30]李建,王汝建.南海北部一百万年以来的表层古生产力变化来自ODP1144站的蛋白石记录[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):228-233.
[31]马金龙,韦刚健,贾国东.碱提取法分析海洋沉积物生物硅方法中碎屑组分污染的评估及校正[J].地球化学,2005,34(3):286-290.
[32]王朝晖,李友富,牟德海.大亚湾大鹏澳海域C、N、BSi的沉积记录研究[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(1):1-7.
[33]陈杰.浙江沿海富营养化与赤潮中生物硅含量分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[34]吴传庆,王桥,王文杰,等.利用TM影像监测和评价大亚湾温排水热污染[J].中国环境监测,2006,22(3):80-84.
[35]周巧菊.大亚湾海域温排水三维数值模拟[J].海洋湖沼通报,2007(4):37-46.
[36]赵力,周鹏,张红标,等. 2005—2010年大亚湾核电站附近海域海水中总β放射性水平[J].热带海洋学报,2013,32(5):107-112.
[37]李冬梅,周鹏,陈嘉辉,等.大亚湾核电海域沉积物岩心中放射性核素的垂向分布及其对沉积环境的示踪[J].海洋通报,2013,23(s1):108-114.
[38] ZHOU P,LI D M,LI H T,et al. Distribution of radionuclides in a marine sediment core off the waterspout of the nuclear power plants in Daya Bay,northeastern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2015,145:102-112.
[39] TUNNICLIFFE V,CONNELL J M,MCQUOID M R. A Holocene record of marine fish remains from the Northeastern Pacific[J]. Marine Geology,2001,174(1/4):197-210.
[40]杨茜,孙耀,王迪迪,等.东海、黄海近代沉积物中生物硅含量的分布及其反演潜力[J].海洋学报,2010,32(3):51-59.
[2] CONLEY D J,SCHELSKE C L,STOERMER E F. Modification of the biogeochemical cycle of silica with eutrophication[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1993,101:179-192.
[3] CONLEY D J. An interlaboratory comparison for the measurement of biogenic silica in sediments[J]. Marine Chemistry,1998,63:39-48.
[4] DEMASTER D J. The accumulation and cycling of biogenic silica in the Southern Ocean:Revisiting the marine silica budget[J]. Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2002,49:3 155-3 167.
[5]谷阳光,王朝晖,吕松辉,等.粤东海域表层沉积物中生物硅和有机质水平分布研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(30):13 323-13 325.
[6]李木军.南海沉积物生物硅的研究现状[J].科协论坛,2012(8,下半月):103-105.
[7] LEINEN M,CWIENK D,ROSS G R,et al. Distribution of biogenic silica and quartz in recent deep-sea sediment[J]. Geology,1986,14:199-203.
[8] MORTLOCK R A,FROELICH P N. A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments[J]. Deep-sea Research,1989,36(9):1 415-1 426.
[9] LYLE M,MURRAY D W,FINNEY B P,et al. The record of Late Pleistocene biogenic sedimentation in the Eastern Tropical Pacific[J]. Ocean Paleoceanography,2000,3(1):39-59.
[10] SCHELSKE C L,STOERMER E F,CONLEY D J,et al. Early eutrophication in the lower Great Lakes:New evidence from biogenic silica in sediment[J]. Science,1983,222:320-322.
[11]广东省海岛资源综合调查大队,广东省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查领导小组办公室.大亚湾海岛资源综合调查报告[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1993:1-17.
[12]丘耀文,王肇鼎.大亚湾海域重金属潜在生态危害评价[J].热带海洋,1997,16(4):49-53.
[13] WANGY S. LOU Z P,SUN C C,et al. Ecological environment changes in Daya Bay,China,from 1982 to 2004[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56,1 871-1 879.
[14]彭云辉,孙丽华,陈浩如,等.大亚湾海区营养盐的变化及富营养化研究[J].海洋通报,2002,21(3):44-49.
[15]王友绍,王肇鼎,黄良民.近20年来大亚湾生态环境的变化及其发展趋势[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(5):85-95.
[16]国家海洋局.海洋监测规范第5部分:沉积物分析:GB 17378. 5—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[17]叶曦雯,刘素美,张经.黄海、渤海沉积物中生物硅的测定及存在问题的讨论[J].海洋学报,2002,24(1):129-134.
[18]叶曦雯,刘素美,张经.生物硅的测定及其生物地球化学意义[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(3):421-427.
[19]刘芳,赵立波,黄凌风,等.厦门内湾沉积物中新沉积硅藻来源生物硅分离测定方法的初步研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2008,47(2):294-299.
[20] The Standards Policy and Strategy Committee,British Standards Institution(BSI). Characterization of waste-Determination of TOC in waste sledges and sediments:BS EN 13137—2001[S]. London:BSI Standards Limited,2001.
[21] International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee(ISO/TC). Soil quality-Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion(Elementary analysis):ISO 10694—1995[S]. Geneve:International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1995.
[22]田英姿,李友明. TOC(总有机碳)分析仪测定原理及应用[J].造纸科学与技术,2003,22(2):45-47.
[23]张兰兰,陈木宏,向荣,等.南海南部表层沉积物中生物硅的分布及其环境意义[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(3):24-29.
[24]周鹏,李冬梅,刘广山,等.南海东北部和南部海域表层沉积物生物硅研究[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(4):40-47.
[25]毛洁,杨宇峰,谷阳光,等.汕头南澳养殖区表层沉积物中生源要素的分布及其污染评价[J].生态科学,2012,31(3):252-258.
[26]谷阳光,王朝晖,吕颂辉,等.粤西海域表层沉积物生源要素分布与污染评价[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2010,27(3):347-353.
[27]贾国东,彭平安,傅家谟.珠江口近百年来富营养化加剧的沉积记录[J].第四纪研究,2002,22(2),158-165.
[28]谷阳光,王朝晖,杨宇峰,等.大亚湾表层沉积物中生源要素的季节分布及污染评价[J].分析测试学报,2010,29(9):906-912.
[29]王汝建,李建.南海ODP1143站第四纪高分辨率的蛋白石记录及其古生产力意义[J].科学通报,2003,48(1):74-77.
[30]李建,王汝建.南海北部一百万年以来的表层古生产力变化来自ODP1144站的蛋白石记录[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):228-233.
[31]马金龙,韦刚健,贾国东.碱提取法分析海洋沉积物生物硅方法中碎屑组分污染的评估及校正[J].地球化学,2005,34(3):286-290.
[32]王朝晖,李友富,牟德海.大亚湾大鹏澳海域C、N、BSi的沉积记录研究[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(1):1-7.
[33]陈杰.浙江沿海富营养化与赤潮中生物硅含量分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[34]吴传庆,王桥,王文杰,等.利用TM影像监测和评价大亚湾温排水热污染[J].中国环境监测,2006,22(3):80-84.
[35]周巧菊.大亚湾海域温排水三维数值模拟[J].海洋湖沼通报,2007(4):37-46.
[36]赵力,周鹏,张红标,等. 2005—2010年大亚湾核电站附近海域海水中总β放射性水平[J].热带海洋学报,2013,32(5):107-112.
[37]李冬梅,周鹏,陈嘉辉,等.大亚湾核电海域沉积物岩心中放射性核素的垂向分布及其对沉积环境的示踪[J].海洋通报,2013,23(s1):108-114.
[38] ZHOU P,LI D M,LI H T,et al. Distribution of radionuclides in a marine sediment core off the waterspout of the nuclear power plants in Daya Bay,northeastern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2015,145:102-112.
[39] TUNNICLIFFE V,CONNELL J M,MCQUOID M R. A Holocene record of marine fish remains from the Northeastern Pacific[J]. Marine Geology,2001,174(1/4):197-210.
[40]杨茜,孙耀,王迪迪,等.东海、黄海近代沉积物中生物硅含量的分布及其反演潜力[J].海洋学报,2010,32(3):51-59.
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