长江葛洲坝下游鱼类资源量的关键水文指标识别
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摘要
采用遗传规划法和相关系数法识别影响鱼类资源量的关键水文指标,结果显示坝下经济鱼类天然捕捞产量与年最大流量、高流量脉冲历时、10月和12月的月均流量正相关;四大家鱼鱼苗丰度与涨水率、7日最大流量、5月和6月的月均流量正相关;中华鲟繁殖群体数量与基流指数和涨水率呈正相关,与年最小流量、日均流量逆转次数负相关。这些水文指标分别反映了流量的量值、变化率和历时等特征对鱼类的影响。建立了关键水文指标与鱼类资源量之间的非线性函数关系式,通过对比计算值与实测值发现遗传规划法的拟合效果明显优于相关系数法,表明遗传规划法更适用于识别影响鱼类资源量的关键水文指标。
Genetic programming and correlation coefficient methods were used to identify the key hydrologic indicators of fish resources. The results show that the fish biomass downstream of the dam is positively correlated with the annual maximum flow,high pulse duration and the average monthly flow in October and December. The biomass of the four major Chinese carps is positively correlated with the rise rate of water level,7-day maximum flow and the average monthly flow in May and June. The biomass of the Chinese sturgeon is positively correlated with the base flow index and the rise rate of water level,but it is negatively correlated with the annual minimum flow,and the number of daily hydrologic reversals.These pertinent hydrologic indicators reflect the influences of the magnitude,change rate and duration of water discharge on fish. Nonlinear functions are established between pertinent hydrologic indicators and fish resources. By comparing the simulated values with the observed ones,it can be concluded that the genetic programming method is more suitable than the correlation coefficient method for identifying the key hydrologic indicators affecting fish resources.
Genetic programming and correlation coefficient methods were used to identify the key hydrologic indicators of fish resources. The results show that the fish biomass downstream of the dam is positively correlated with the annual maximum flow,high pulse duration and the average monthly flow in October and December. The biomass of the four major Chinese carps is positively correlated with the rise rate of water level,7-day maximum flow and the average monthly flow in May and June. The biomass of the Chinese sturgeon is positively correlated with the base flow index and the rise rate of water level,but it is negatively correlated with the annual minimum flow,and the number of daily hydrologic reversals.These pertinent hydrologic indicators reflect the influences of the magnitude,change rate and duration of water discharge on fish. Nonlinear functions are established between pertinent hydrologic indicators and fish resources. By comparing the simulated values with the observed ones,it can be concluded that the genetic programming method is more suitable than the correlation coefficient method for identifying the key hydrologic indicators affecting fish resources.
引文
[1]胡安焱,张自英,王菊翠.水利工程对汉江中下游水文生态的影响[J].水资源保护,2010,26(2):5-9.(HUAnyan,ZHANG Ziying,WANG Juncui.Impact of hydraulic engineering on hydro-ecology in middle and lower reaches of Hangjiang River[J].Water Resources Protection,2010,26(2):5-9.(in Chinese))
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[3]邹家祥,翟红娟.三峡工程对水环境与水生态的影响及保护对策[J].水资源保护,2016,32(5):136-140.(ZOUJiaxiang,ZHAI Hongjuan.Impacts of Three Gorges Project on water environment and aquatic ecosystem and protective measures[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(5):136-140.(in Chinese))
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[5]刘绍平,邱顺林,陈大庆,等.长江水系四大家鱼种质资源的保护和合理利用[J].长江流域资源与环境,1997,6(2):127-131.(LIU Shaoping,QIU Sunling,CHENDaqing,et al.Protection and rational utilization of the germplasm resources of the four major Chinese carps in the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,1997,6(2):127-131.(in Chinese))
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[7]余志堂,邓中堂,许蕴轩,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽兴建后长江干流四大家鱼产卵场的现状及工程对家鱼繁殖影响的评价[C]//易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊.葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1988:47-68.
[8]班璇.中华鲟产卵栖息地的生态需水量[J].水利学报,2011,42(1):47-55.(BAN Xuan.Ecological water requirement of spawning habitat of acipenser sinensis[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(1):47-55.(in Chinese))
[9]杨德国,危起伟,王凯,等.人工标志放流中华鲟幼鱼的降河洄游[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(1):26-30.(YANG Deguo,WEI Qiwei,WANG Kai,et al.Migration of juvenile Chinese sturgeon released by artificial markers[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,29(1):26-30.(in Chinese))
[10]陶江平,乔晔,杨志,等.葛洲坝产卵场中华鲟繁殖群体数量与繁殖规模估算及其变动趋势分析[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):37-43.(TAO Jiangping,QIAO Ye,YANG Zhi,et al.Estimation of the number and scale of reproductive population of acipenser sinensis in Gezhouba spawning ground and analysis of its change trend[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(2):37-43.(in Chinese))
[11]PENG X,WANG Q,WANG Y,et al.Discussion of acipenser sinensis habitat suitability index model[C]//International Conference on Mechanic Automation&Control Engineering.IEEE,2011:5733-5736.
[12]MUTTIL N,LEE H W.Genetic programming for analysis and real-time prediction of coastal algal blooms[J].Ecological Modelling,2005,189(3/4):363-376.
[13]KIM D K,JEONG K S,WHIGHAM P A.Winter diatom blooms in a regulated river in South Korea:explanations based on evolutionary computation[J].Freshwater biology,2007,52(10):2021-2041.
[14]YANG Y E,CAI X M,HERRICKS E E.Identification of hydrologic indicators related to fish diversity and abundance:a data mining approach for fish community analysis[J].Water Resources Research,2008,44,W04412.doi:10.1029/2006WR005764.
[15]RICHTER B D,BAUMGARTNER J V,POWELL J,et al.A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems[J].Conservation Biology,1996,10:1163-1174.
[16]王俊娜,李翀,段辛斌,等.基于遗传规划法识别影响鱼类丰度的关键环境因子[J].水利学报,2012,43(7):860-868.(WANG Junna,LI Chong,DUAN Xinbing,et al.Identification of significant environmental factors affecting fish abundance by genetic programming[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(7):860-868.(in Chinese))
[17]JIANG L Z,BAN X,WANG X L,et al.Assessment of hydrologic alterations caused by the Three Gorges Dam in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,China[J].Water,2014,6:1419-1434.
[18]XU J J,YANG D W,YI Y H,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of runoff in the Yangtze River Basin during the past 40 years[J].Quaternary International,2008,186(1):32-42.
[19]ALBERTS H C,ALBERTS R M,BLOOM M F,et al.The Three Gorges Dam project from a systems viewpoint[J].Systems Research and Behavioral Science,2010,21(6):585-602.
[20]OU C,LI J,ZHANG Z,et al.Effects of the dispatch modes of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the water regimes in the Dongting Lake area intypical years[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2012,22(4):594-608.
[21]KOZA J R.Genetic programming:on the programming of computers by means of natural selection[M].Cambridge:the MIT press,1992.
[22]XIONG S W,Lu X Q.A genetic programming approach to partial differential equation inverse problems[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2003,25(3):11-15.
[23]TANG M,SHAO D G,TANG X R.Automatic modeling of flood damage loss assessment system based on genetic programming[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2007,40(3):5-9.
[24]王煜,唐梦君,戴会超.四大家鱼产卵栖息地适宜度与大坝泄流相关性分析[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(1):107-112.(WANG Yu,TANG Mengjun,DAIHuichao.Analysis on correlation between suitability of spawning habitat for four major Chinese carps and discharge from dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(1):107-112.(in Chinese))
[25]王悦,高千红.长江水文过程与四大家鱼产卵行为关联性分析[J].人民长江,2017,48(6):24-27.(WANGYue,DANG Mengjun,DAI Huichao.Analysis of the relationship between the hydrological process of the Yangtze River and spawning behavior of four major Chinese carps[J].Yangtze River,2017,48(6):24-27.(in Chinese))
[26]POLLARD D A,HANNAN J C.The ecological effects of structural flood mitigation works on fish habitats and fish communities in the lower Clarence River system of SouthEastern Australia[J].Estuaries,1994,17(2):427-461.
[27]GRAAF G D.The flood pulse and growth of floodplain fish in Bangladesh[J].Fisheries Management&Ecology,2010,10(4):241-247.
[28]GARVEY J E,Ostrand K G,Wahl D H.Energetics,predation,and ration affect size-dependent growth and mortality of fish during winter[J].Ecology,2004,85(10):2860-2871.
[2]林育青,马君秀,陈求稳.拆坝对河流生态系统的影响及评估方法综述[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(5):9-15.(LIN Yuqing,MA Junxiu,CHEN Qiuwen.Research on effects of dam removal on river ecosystem and review of its assessment methods[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(5):9-15.(in Chinese))
[3]邹家祥,翟红娟.三峡工程对水环境与水生态的影响及保护对策[J].水资源保护,2016,32(5):136-140.(ZOUJiaxiang,ZHAI Hongjuan.Impacts of Three Gorges Project on water environment and aquatic ecosystem and protective measures[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(5):136-140.(in Chinese))
[4]易伯鲁.葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼[M].武汉:湖北省科学技术出版社,1988.
[5]刘绍平,邱顺林,陈大庆,等.长江水系四大家鱼种质资源的保护和合理利用[J].长江流域资源与环境,1997,6(2):127-131.(LIU Shaoping,QIU Sunling,CHENDaqing,et al.Protection and rational utilization of the germplasm resources of the four major Chinese carps in the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,1997,6(2):127-131.(in Chinese))
[6]林俊强,彭期冬,黄真理.河流鱼类鱼卵运动的水力学研究进展[J].水利学报,2015,46(7):869-876.(LINJunqiang,PENG Qidong,HUANG Zhengli.Advances in hydraulics of fish egg movement in rivers[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(7):869-876.(in Chinese))
[7]余志堂,邓中堂,许蕴轩,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽兴建后长江干流四大家鱼产卵场的现状及工程对家鱼繁殖影响的评价[C]//易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊.葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1988:47-68.
[8]班璇.中华鲟产卵栖息地的生态需水量[J].水利学报,2011,42(1):47-55.(BAN Xuan.Ecological water requirement of spawning habitat of acipenser sinensis[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(1):47-55.(in Chinese))
[9]杨德国,危起伟,王凯,等.人工标志放流中华鲟幼鱼的降河洄游[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(1):26-30.(YANG Deguo,WEI Qiwei,WANG Kai,et al.Migration of juvenile Chinese sturgeon released by artificial markers[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,29(1):26-30.(in Chinese))
[10]陶江平,乔晔,杨志,等.葛洲坝产卵场中华鲟繁殖群体数量与繁殖规模估算及其变动趋势分析[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):37-43.(TAO Jiangping,QIAO Ye,YANG Zhi,et al.Estimation of the number and scale of reproductive population of acipenser sinensis in Gezhouba spawning ground and analysis of its change trend[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(2):37-43.(in Chinese))
[11]PENG X,WANG Q,WANG Y,et al.Discussion of acipenser sinensis habitat suitability index model[C]//International Conference on Mechanic Automation&Control Engineering.IEEE,2011:5733-5736.
[12]MUTTIL N,LEE H W.Genetic programming for analysis and real-time prediction of coastal algal blooms[J].Ecological Modelling,2005,189(3/4):363-376.
[13]KIM D K,JEONG K S,WHIGHAM P A.Winter diatom blooms in a regulated river in South Korea:explanations based on evolutionary computation[J].Freshwater biology,2007,52(10):2021-2041.
[14]YANG Y E,CAI X M,HERRICKS E E.Identification of hydrologic indicators related to fish diversity and abundance:a data mining approach for fish community analysis[J].Water Resources Research,2008,44,W04412.doi:10.1029/2006WR005764.
[15]RICHTER B D,BAUMGARTNER J V,POWELL J,et al.A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems[J].Conservation Biology,1996,10:1163-1174.
[16]王俊娜,李翀,段辛斌,等.基于遗传规划法识别影响鱼类丰度的关键环境因子[J].水利学报,2012,43(7):860-868.(WANG Junna,LI Chong,DUAN Xinbing,et al.Identification of significant environmental factors affecting fish abundance by genetic programming[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(7):860-868.(in Chinese))
[17]JIANG L Z,BAN X,WANG X L,et al.Assessment of hydrologic alterations caused by the Three Gorges Dam in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,China[J].Water,2014,6:1419-1434.
[18]XU J J,YANG D W,YI Y H,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of runoff in the Yangtze River Basin during the past 40 years[J].Quaternary International,2008,186(1):32-42.
[19]ALBERTS H C,ALBERTS R M,BLOOM M F,et al.The Three Gorges Dam project from a systems viewpoint[J].Systems Research and Behavioral Science,2010,21(6):585-602.
[20]OU C,LI J,ZHANG Z,et al.Effects of the dispatch modes of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the water regimes in the Dongting Lake area intypical years[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2012,22(4):594-608.
[21]KOZA J R.Genetic programming:on the programming of computers by means of natural selection[M].Cambridge:the MIT press,1992.
[22]XIONG S W,Lu X Q.A genetic programming approach to partial differential equation inverse problems[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2003,25(3):11-15.
[23]TANG M,SHAO D G,TANG X R.Automatic modeling of flood damage loss assessment system based on genetic programming[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2007,40(3):5-9.
[24]王煜,唐梦君,戴会超.四大家鱼产卵栖息地适宜度与大坝泄流相关性分析[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(1):107-112.(WANG Yu,TANG Mengjun,DAIHuichao.Analysis on correlation between suitability of spawning habitat for four major Chinese carps and discharge from dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(1):107-112.(in Chinese))
[25]王悦,高千红.长江水文过程与四大家鱼产卵行为关联性分析[J].人民长江,2017,48(6):24-27.(WANGYue,DANG Mengjun,DAI Huichao.Analysis of the relationship between the hydrological process of the Yangtze River and spawning behavior of four major Chinese carps[J].Yangtze River,2017,48(6):24-27.(in Chinese))
[26]POLLARD D A,HANNAN J C.The ecological effects of structural flood mitigation works on fish habitats and fish communities in the lower Clarence River system of SouthEastern Australia[J].Estuaries,1994,17(2):427-461.
[27]GRAAF G D.The flood pulse and growth of floodplain fish in Bangladesh[J].Fisheries Management&Ecology,2010,10(4):241-247.
[28]GARVEY J E,Ostrand K G,Wahl D H.Energetics,predation,and ration affect size-dependent growth and mortality of fish during winter[J].Ecology,2004,85(10):2860-2871.
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