区域异质性下中国农业生态效率评价与空间差异实证——基于组合DEA与空间自相关分析
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摘要
农业生态效率是衡量农业经济与资源环境协调发展的重要指标。以农业碳排放和农业污染排放综合指数作为非期望产出,利用组合DEA模型评价了2000—2016年中国31个省份的农业生态效率,运用空间自相关分析法分析了两种前沿距离下中国农业生态效率的空间差异。结果表明:(1)东、中、西部农业生态效率呈现出"U"型发展格局;基于两种不同前沿距离考察,中、西部农业生态效率被低估。(2)两种前沿距离下中国农业生态效率均存在显著的空间正相关性,但集聚水平较低且具有一定的波动性,有些年份表现出微弱的空间分散趋势。(3)两种前沿距离下农业生态效率通过显著性检验的"热点"及"冷点"的省份数量均在减少,且在空间上呈现出不同的分布特征。因地制宜制定地区农业生态化发展政策、创新区域协同发展战略,是提升农业可持续发展能力的政策取向。
Agricultural ecological efficiency was an important indicator to measure the coordinated development of agricultural economy and resource environment. The paper was based on agricultural carbon emissions and the agricultural pollution emission index as a non-expected output, using the group DEA model, evaluates the agricultural ecological efficiency of the 31 provinces in China in 2016, and uses the spatial self-correlation analysis to analyze the two fronts of the Chinese agriculture ecological efficiency and the spatial differences of the Chinese agriculture. The results showed:(1)the agricultural ecological efficiency in the east, middle and west showed a "U" shaped development pattern. Agricultural ecological efficiency in central and western China was underestimated based on two different frontier distance surveys.(2)It was found that there exist a positive correlation in ecological efficiency of agriculture in China at two leading edges, but the concentration level was low and had some volatility, and some years showed weak spatial tendency.(3) The number of"hot spot" and "cold spot" provinces where agro-ecological efficiency passed the significance test under the two frontier distances was decreasing, and showed different spatial distribution characteristics. It was the policy orientation to enhance the sustainable development ability of agriculture to formulate regional agricultural eco-development policies and to innovate regional collaborative development strategies according to local conditions.
Agricultural ecological efficiency was an important indicator to measure the coordinated development of agricultural economy and resource environment. The paper was based on agricultural carbon emissions and the agricultural pollution emission index as a non-expected output, using the group DEA model, evaluates the agricultural ecological efficiency of the 31 provinces in China in 2016, and uses the spatial self-correlation analysis to analyze the two fronts of the Chinese agriculture ecological efficiency and the spatial differences of the Chinese agriculture. The results showed:(1)the agricultural ecological efficiency in the east, middle and west showed a "U" shaped development pattern. Agricultural ecological efficiency in central and western China was underestimated based on two different frontier distance surveys.(2)It was found that there exist a positive correlation in ecological efficiency of agriculture in China at two leading edges, but the concentration level was low and had some volatility, and some years showed weak spatial tendency.(3) The number of"hot spot" and "cold spot" provinces where agro-ecological efficiency passed the significance test under the two frontier distances was decreasing, and showed different spatial distribution characteristics. It was the policy orientation to enhance the sustainable development ability of agriculture to formulate regional agricultural eco-development policies and to innovate regional collaborative development strategies according to local conditions.
引文
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[23]智静,高吉喜.中国城乡居民食品消费碳排放对比分析[J].地理科学进展,2009(3):429-434.
[24]伍芬琳,李琳,张海林,等.保护性耕作对农田生态系统净碳释放量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007(12):2035-2039.
[25]Dubey A,Lal R.Carbon footprint and sustainability of agricultural production systems in Punjab,India,and Ohio USA[J].Journal of Crop Improvement,2009,23(4):332-350.
[2]DeSimone L D,Popoff F.Eco-Efficiency:The business link to sustainable development[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,1997:92-96.
[3]周震峰.关于开展农业生态效率研究的思考[J].农业科技管理,2007(6):9-11.
[4]吴小庆,王亚平,何丽梅,等.基于AHP和DEA模型的农业生态效率评价--以无锡市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012(6):714-719.
[5]陈遵一.安徽农业生态效率评价--基于DEA方法的实证分析[J].安徽农业科学,2012(17):9439-9440.
[6]聂弯,于法稳.农业生态效率研究进展分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2017(9):1371-1380.
[7]田伟,杨璐嘉,姜静.低碳视角下中国农业环境效率的测算与分析--基于非期望产出的SBM模型[J].中国农村观察,2014(5):59-71,95.
[8]王宝义,张卫国.中国农业生态效率测度及时空差异研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016(6):11-19.
[9]潘丹,应瑞瑶.中国农业生态效率评价方法与实证--基于非期望产出的SBM模型分析[J].生态学报,2013(12):3837-3845.
[10]李谷成.中国农业的绿色生产率革命:1978-2008年[J].经济学(季刊),2014(1):537-558.
[11]刘应元,冯中朝,李鹏,等.中国生态农业绩效评价与区域差异[J].经济地理,2014(3):24-29.
[12]王宝义,张卫国.中国农业生态效率的省际差异和影响因素--基于1996-2015年31个省份的面板数据分析[J].中国农村经济,2018(1):46-62.
[13]刘志成,张晨成.湖南省农业生态效率评价研究--基于SBM-undesirable模型与CCR模型的对比分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2015(6):32-36.
[14]张子龙,鹿晨昱,陈兴鹏,等.陇东黄土高原农业生态效率的时空演变分析--以庆阳市为例[J].地理科学,2014(4):472-478.
[15]洪开荣,陈诚,丰超,等.农业生态效率的时空差异及影响因素[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(2):31-41.
[16]程翠云,任景明,王如松.我国农业生态效率的时空差异[J]生态学报,2014(1):142-148.
[17]Tone K.A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2001130(3):498-509.
[18]Tone K,Sahoo B K.Degree of scale economies and congestion:A unified DEA approach[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,158(3):755-772.
[19]Huang J H,Yang X G,Cheng G,et al.A comprehensensive ecoefficeiency model and dynamics of regional eco-efficiency in China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,67(3):228-238
[20]O’Donnell C J,Rao D S P,Battese G E.Metafrontier frame works for the study of firm-level efficiencies and technology ratios[J]Empirical Economics,2008,34(2):231-255.
[21]李波,张俊飚,李海鹏.中国农业碳排放时空特征及影响因素分解[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011(8):80-86.
[22]West T O,Marland G.A synthesis of carbon sequestration,carbon missions,and net carbon flux in agriculture:Comparing tillage practices in the United State[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2002,91(1-3):217-232.
[23]智静,高吉喜.中国城乡居民食品消费碳排放对比分析[J].地理科学进展,2009(3):429-434.
[24]伍芬琳,李琳,张海林,等.保护性耕作对农田生态系统净碳释放量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007(12):2035-2039.
[25]Dubey A,Lal R.Carbon footprint and sustainability of agricultural production systems in Punjab,India,and Ohio USA[J].Journal of Crop Improvement,2009,23(4):332-350.
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