湖南农民工城镇可持续生存能力培育研究——人力资本微观视角
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摘要
湖南是农民工大省也是跨省输出大省,吸纳湖南本土农民工到省内各城镇定居、落户是实现湖南城镇化水平增速提质的一个主要动力源泉,但是,他们面对各城镇敞开的入户政策,大都反映冷漠甚至排斥,其背后主要担忧城镇可持续生存能力缺乏而不敢入户定居。湖南的实证数据显示,农民工在城镇基本的生存需要与社会交往需要均能得到较好满足,但是,他们在城镇可持续发展能力因为其人力资本严重不足导致他们的学习力、异质性社会关系拓展力、职位晋升力不能得到有效提升,因此,文章从人力资本培育角度拓展农民工城镇可持续发展能力进而提升其城镇可持续生存能力与湖南城镇化水平提供微观视角,亦为农民工输出大省提升本省城镇化水平提供一定参考。
Hunan is a large province of migrant workers and also a major province of inter-provincial migrant workers' output. Absorbing migrant workers from Hunan to settle down in cities and towns throughout Hunan is the main driving force to achieve the goal of urbanization in Hunan. However, most migrant workers show indifference and exclusion towards the open household registration policy of cities and towns because of the lack of sustainable urban viability they do not dare to settle in towns. Hunan empirical data show that the basic survival needs and social interaction needs of migrant workers in cities and towns can be better met. However, their ability of sustainable development in towns is seriously insufficient due to their human capital. Especially their learning ability, heterogeneous social relations development ability and position promotion ability can not be effectively improved. Therefore, from the perspective of human capital cultivation, the paper provides a microcosmic way of thinking to expand the sustainable development ability of peasant workers in cities and towns and enhance their sustainable survival ability and the level of urbanization in Hunan. It is also helpful to improve the level of urbanization of such provinces as Sichuan, Henan, etc. which provide large migrant workers towards other provinces.
Hunan is a large province of migrant workers and also a major province of inter-provincial migrant workers' output. Absorbing migrant workers from Hunan to settle down in cities and towns throughout Hunan is the main driving force to achieve the goal of urbanization in Hunan. However, most migrant workers show indifference and exclusion towards the open household registration policy of cities and towns because of the lack of sustainable urban viability they do not dare to settle in towns. Hunan empirical data show that the basic survival needs and social interaction needs of migrant workers in cities and towns can be better met. However, their ability of sustainable development in towns is seriously insufficient due to their human capital. Especially their learning ability, heterogeneous social relations development ability and position promotion ability can not be effectively improved. Therefore, from the perspective of human capital cultivation, the paper provides a microcosmic way of thinking to expand the sustainable development ability of peasant workers in cities and towns and enhance their sustainable survival ability and the level of urbanization in Hunan. It is also helpful to improve the level of urbanization of such provinces as Sichuan, Henan, etc. which provide large migrant workers towards other provinces.
引文
[1]黄江泉.人力资本要素驱动下农民工城镇落户问题研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,12(2):57-65.
[2]未萌,张燕,陈志刚.城市近郊农民进城定居意愿研究--基于生存适应能力视角[J].江西农业学报2016,28(4):97-103.
[3]卫龙宝,胡慧洪,钱文荣,等.城镇化过程中相关行为主体迁移意愿的分析:对浙江省海宁市农村居民的调查[J].中国社会科学,2003(3):39-48.
[4]侯红娅,杨晶,李子奈.中国农村劳动力迁移意愿实证分析[J].经济问题,2004(7):52-54.
[5]甄延临,董玉良.基于农民进城意愿调查的城市化问题及对策研究:以嘉兴市为例[J].现代城市研究,2011(1):93-96.
[6]叶俊焘.转型时期农民工留城意愿之再审视--一个可行能力和工具性自由的框架[J].浙江社会科学,2017(8):72-85,158.
[7]王国宏,戴烽,刘强.农民工学习力的代际变迁[J].教育与职业,2016,9(17):117-120.
[8]袁颖.人力资本所有者的收益构成与其学习能力的研究[J].未来与发展,2007(3):30-33.
[9]张银,李燕萍.农民人力资本、农民学习及其绩效实证研究[J].管理世界,2010(2):1-9.
[10]科尔曼.社会理论的基础[M].邓方,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,1990.
[11]吴云超,金彦平.基于人力资本和社会资本耦合视角下的农民工就业的思考[J].北方经济,2010(11):3-5.
[12]Gary S.Becker.Investment in Human Capital:A Theoretical Analysis[J].Journal of Political Economy,1962,70(5):9-49.
[13]舒尔茨.论人力资本投资[M].吴珠华,译.北京:北京经济学院出版社,1990.
[14]王毅杰,童星.流动农民职业获得途径及其影响因素[J].江苏社会科学,2003(5):86-91.
[15]姚先国,俞玲.农民工职业分层与人力资本约束.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(5):16~22.
[16]人力资本与外出农民工职业选择--基于河南省三县市调研数据的实证分析[J].财经论丛,2015(6):18-24.
[17]高文书.人力资本与进城农民工职业选择的实证研究[J].人口与发展,2009(3):38-43.
[18]许传新.“落地未生根”--第二代农民工城市社会适应研究[J].南方人口,2007(4):52-61.
[19]周运清,王培刚.农民工进城方式选择及职业流动特点研究[J].青年研究,2002(9):44-49.
[20]王超恩,符平.农民工的职业流动及其影响因素-基于职业分层与代际差异视角的考察[J].人口与经济,2013(5):89-97.
[21]孙垂强,焦振玲.农民工职业上升及分化研究[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(3):82-87.
[22]石智雷.有多少农民工实现了职业上升?--人力资本、行业分割与农民工职业垂直流动[J].人口与经济,2017(6):90-104.
[23]符平,唐有财,江立华.农民工的职业分割与向上流动[J].中国人口科学,2012(6):75-82.
[24]王春光.我国城市就业制度对进城农村流动人口生存和发展的影响[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(5):5-15.
[25]张新岭,赵永乐,林竹,等.农民工就业:人力资本和社会资本的耦合分析[J].农村经济,2007(12):117-120.
[26]黄江泉,钟莎,万晓凡.农民工人力资本养成中的“公地悲剧”探析[J].农业经济,2018(3):67-69.
[27]王海娟.农民工“半城市化”问题再探讨[J].社会科学文摘,2016(9):35-37.
[28]李为,樊天.市民化率及农业转移人口市民化公共成本测度[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2014,8(5):55-57.
[29]魏建,魏安琪.新型城镇化、农民分化与农民权益保障[J].理论学刊,2015(1):81-93.
[2]未萌,张燕,陈志刚.城市近郊农民进城定居意愿研究--基于生存适应能力视角[J].江西农业学报2016,28(4):97-103.
[3]卫龙宝,胡慧洪,钱文荣,等.城镇化过程中相关行为主体迁移意愿的分析:对浙江省海宁市农村居民的调查[J].中国社会科学,2003(3):39-48.
[4]侯红娅,杨晶,李子奈.中国农村劳动力迁移意愿实证分析[J].经济问题,2004(7):52-54.
[5]甄延临,董玉良.基于农民进城意愿调查的城市化问题及对策研究:以嘉兴市为例[J].现代城市研究,2011(1):93-96.
[6]叶俊焘.转型时期农民工留城意愿之再审视--一个可行能力和工具性自由的框架[J].浙江社会科学,2017(8):72-85,158.
[7]王国宏,戴烽,刘强.农民工学习力的代际变迁[J].教育与职业,2016,9(17):117-120.
[8]袁颖.人力资本所有者的收益构成与其学习能力的研究[J].未来与发展,2007(3):30-33.
[9]张银,李燕萍.农民人力资本、农民学习及其绩效实证研究[J].管理世界,2010(2):1-9.
[10]科尔曼.社会理论的基础[M].邓方,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,1990.
[11]吴云超,金彦平.基于人力资本和社会资本耦合视角下的农民工就业的思考[J].北方经济,2010(11):3-5.
[12]Gary S.Becker.Investment in Human Capital:A Theoretical Analysis[J].Journal of Political Economy,1962,70(5):9-49.
[13]舒尔茨.论人力资本投资[M].吴珠华,译.北京:北京经济学院出版社,1990.
[14]王毅杰,童星.流动农民职业获得途径及其影响因素[J].江苏社会科学,2003(5):86-91.
[15]姚先国,俞玲.农民工职业分层与人力资本约束.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(5):16~22.
[16]人力资本与外出农民工职业选择--基于河南省三县市调研数据的实证分析[J].财经论丛,2015(6):18-24.
[17]高文书.人力资本与进城农民工职业选择的实证研究[J].人口与发展,2009(3):38-43.
[18]许传新.“落地未生根”--第二代农民工城市社会适应研究[J].南方人口,2007(4):52-61.
[19]周运清,王培刚.农民工进城方式选择及职业流动特点研究[J].青年研究,2002(9):44-49.
[20]王超恩,符平.农民工的职业流动及其影响因素-基于职业分层与代际差异视角的考察[J].人口与经济,2013(5):89-97.
[21]孙垂强,焦振玲.农民工职业上升及分化研究[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(3):82-87.
[22]石智雷.有多少农民工实现了职业上升?--人力资本、行业分割与农民工职业垂直流动[J].人口与经济,2017(6):90-104.
[23]符平,唐有财,江立华.农民工的职业分割与向上流动[J].中国人口科学,2012(6):75-82.
[24]王春光.我国城市就业制度对进城农村流动人口生存和发展的影响[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006(5):5-15.
[25]张新岭,赵永乐,林竹,等.农民工就业:人力资本和社会资本的耦合分析[J].农村经济,2007(12):117-120.
[26]黄江泉,钟莎,万晓凡.农民工人力资本养成中的“公地悲剧”探析[J].农业经济,2018(3):67-69.
[27]王海娟.农民工“半城市化”问题再探讨[J].社会科学文摘,2016(9):35-37.
[28]李为,樊天.市民化率及农业转移人口市民化公共成本测度[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2014,8(5):55-57.
[29]魏建,魏安琪.新型城镇化、农民分化与农民权益保障[J].理论学刊,2015(1):81-93.
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