农业小流域土地利用格局变化对氮素输出的影响——以丹江口库区胡家山小流域为例
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摘要
流域土地利用格局对农业非点源污染氮素输出具有重要的影响。以丹江口库区胡家山小流域为研究对象,分析2008～2016年土地利用类型变化对流域总氮输出的影响,以期为丹江口库区生态清洁小流域建设提供参考。结果表明:2008～2016年,流域出口处总氮年平均浓度从5. 13±4. 2 mg/L降低为2. 06±0. 62mg/L;总氮输出负荷由49 025 kg/a降低至21 578 kg/a,总氮输出负荷减少56. 0%。对比分析流域生态治理工程实施情况,发现坡改梯、退耕还林等水土保持治理与植被恢复措施在有效控制水土流失的同时,还在减少流域氮素输出中发挥了重要作用。经相关分析,流域内林地、耕地、居民地的空间分布格局对流域氮素输出均有影响,其中100 m河岸带范围为流域总氮负荷输出的主要区域。有效控制胡家山小流域100 m河岸带尺度的氮素流失,可显著降低流域总氮输出负荷。
Land use pattern has important effects on nitrogen output from agricultural non-point source pollution. Taking Hujiashan watershed in Danjiangkou reservoir area as the research object,this paper analyzed the influence of land use pattern change on the total nitrogen output of the basin from 2008 to 2016 to provide reference for the construction of ecological clean watershed in Danjiangkou reservoir area. The results showed that the annual average TN concentration at the outlet of Hujiashan watershed declined from 5. 13 ± 4. 2 mg/L to 2. 06 ± 0. 62 mg/L during 2008 ～ 2016; TN output load of the watershed decreased from 49025 kg/a to 21578 kg/a,reduced by 56%. By comparing and analyzing the implementation of watershed ecological control project in Hujiashan watershed,it showed that the soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration measures,such as conversion of slope-to-terrace and returning farmland to forest,played an important role in effectively controlling soil and water loss and reducing nitrogen output in watershed. Correlation analysis showed that the spatial distribution pattern of forest land,farmland and residential land all had impacts on nitrogen output in the watershed,and 100 m riparian zone was the main area of total nitrogen output in the watershed. Effective control of nitrogen loss in 100 m riparian zone of the watershed can significantly reduce total nitrogen output load of the whole watershed.
Land use pattern has important effects on nitrogen output from agricultural non-point source pollution. Taking Hujiashan watershed in Danjiangkou reservoir area as the research object,this paper analyzed the influence of land use pattern change on the total nitrogen output of the basin from 2008 to 2016 to provide reference for the construction of ecological clean watershed in Danjiangkou reservoir area. The results showed that the annual average TN concentration at the outlet of Hujiashan watershed declined from 5. 13 ± 4. 2 mg/L to 2. 06 ± 0. 62 mg/L during 2008 ～ 2016; TN output load of the watershed decreased from 49025 kg/a to 21578 kg/a,reduced by 56%. By comparing and analyzing the implementation of watershed ecological control project in Hujiashan watershed,it showed that the soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration measures,such as conversion of slope-to-terrace and returning farmland to forest,played an important role in effectively controlling soil and water loss and reducing nitrogen output in watershed. Correlation analysis showed that the spatial distribution pattern of forest land,farmland and residential land all had impacts on nitrogen output in the watershed,and 100 m riparian zone was the main area of total nitrogen output in the watershed. Effective control of nitrogen loss in 100 m riparian zone of the watershed can significantly reduce total nitrogen output load of the whole watershed.
引文
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[13]谢花林,刘黎明,李波,张新时.土地利用变化的多尺度空间自相关分析---以内蒙古翁牛特旗为例[J].地理学报,2006,61(4):389-400.
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[15]罗璇,史志华,尹炜,等.小流域土地利用结构对氮素输出的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(1):58-62.
[16]蔡春晓,刘红玉,李玉凤,等.南京仙林新市区土地利用结构与格局对湿地水环境氮、磷影响研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(8):2920-2927.
[17]徐建锋,尹炜,闫峰陵,等.农业源头流域景观异质性与溪流水质耦合关系[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):3193-3200.
[18]徐建锋.农业流域面源污染特征对氮磷盈亏平衡的响应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[2]Ventura M,Scandellari F,Ventura F,et al.Nitrogen balance and losses through drainage waters in an agricultural watershed of the Po Valley(Italy)[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2008,29(2):108-115.
[3]Piatek K B,Christopher S F,Mitchell M J.Spatial and temporal dynamics of stream chemistry in a forested watershed[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2009,13(3):423-439.
[4]苑韶峰,吕军.流域农业非点源污染研究概况[J].土壤通报,2004,35(4):507-511.
[5]吴东,黄志霖,肖文发,等.三峡库区小流域土地利用结构变化及其氮素输出控制效应:以兰陵溪小流域为例[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):2940-2946.
[6]尹炜,史志华,雷阿林.丹江口水库水环境问题分析研究[J].人民长江,2011,42(13):90-94.
[7]Li Siyue,Gu Sheng,Tan Xiang,et al.Water quality in the upper Han River basin,China:the impacts of land use/land cover in riparian buffer zone[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,165(1):317-324.
[8]李恒鹏,黄文钰,杨桂山,等.太湖地区蠡河流域不同用地类型面源污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(2):243-247.
[9]胡雪峰,沈铭能,许世远.碱性过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法测水体总氮[J].环境污染与防治,2002,24(1):40-41.
[10]高银超.基于Ann-AGNPS模型的三峡库区小江流域农业面源污染负荷研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[11]Woli K P,Nagumo T,Hatano R.Evaluating impact of land use and Nbudgets on stream water quality in Hokkaido,Japan[J].Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems,2002,63(2-3):175-184.
[12]李开明,任秀文,黄国如,等.基于Ann AGNPS模型泗合水流域非点源污染模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,2013(s1):54-59.
[13]谢花林,刘黎明,李波,张新时.土地利用变化的多尺度空间自相关分析---以内蒙古翁牛特旗为例[J].地理学报,2006,61(4):389-400.
[14]汉强,于兴修,王伟,等.坡改梯工程对胡家山小流域非点源污染负荷时空变化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1344-1351.
[15]罗璇,史志华,尹炜,等.小流域土地利用结构对氮素输出的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(1):58-62.
[16]蔡春晓,刘红玉,李玉凤,等.南京仙林新市区土地利用结构与格局对湿地水环境氮、磷影响研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(8):2920-2927.
[17]徐建锋,尹炜,闫峰陵,等.农业源头流域景观异质性与溪流水质耦合关系[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):3193-3200.
[18]徐建锋.农业流域面源污染特征对氮磷盈亏平衡的响应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
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