履行《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》成效评估监测进展
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摘要
持久性有机污染物(POPs)监测是开展履行《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》成效评估的重要内容之一。介绍了履约成效评估POPs监测的要求,综述了我国POPs监测能力建设和履约成效评估全球POPs监测进展。我国自2007年起开展了环境空气、水体和母乳中POPs的监测,所获得的监测数据可为评估我国POPs污染水平和环境与健康风险提供重要的技术支撑。还介绍了国外POPs监测动态,提出借鉴国外经验、建立环境和人体中POPs长效监测机制并开展持续性监测不仅是履约的需求,也可为保护我国生态环境和人体健康提供基础数据。
Article 16 of the Stockholm Convention requires the Conference of the Parties to evaluate periodically whether the Convention is an effective tool in achieving the objective of protecting human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants(POPs). This evaluation is based on comparable and consistent monitoring data on the presence of POPs in the environment and in humans. This paper is synthesizing information from the first and second of the global monitoring plan and presents the current findings on POPs concentrations in China and other countries and regions. China have launched the POPs monitoring in ambient air, water and breast milk since 2007, and the achieved monitoring data can provide technical support for the evaluation of POPs pollution level, environment and health risk in China. It is suggested that POPs monitoring should continue to develop for future evaluation.
Article 16 of the Stockholm Convention requires the Conference of the Parties to evaluate periodically whether the Convention is an effective tool in achieving the objective of protecting human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants(POPs). This evaluation is based on comparable and consistent monitoring data on the presence of POPs in the environment and in humans. This paper is synthesizing information from the first and second of the global monitoring plan and presents the current findings on POPs concentrations in China and other countries and regions. China have launched the POPs monitoring in ambient air, water and breast milk since 2007, and the achieved monitoring data can provide technical support for the evaluation of POPs pollution level, environment and health risk in China. It is suggested that POPs monitoring should continue to develop for future evaluation.
引文
[1] Stockholm Convention.Global Monitoring Plan,2015[EB/OL].[2015-02-26].http://www.pops.int/Implementation/GlobalMonitoringPlan/Overview/tabid/83/Default.aspx.
[2] 李英明,王璞,丁磊,等.钢铁厂及其周围土壤中二口恶英和多氯联苯污染物的分布规律研究[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(2):1-5.LI Yingming,WANG Pu,DING Lei,et al.Distribution of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the Soil Around an Iron and Steel Making Plant[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2010,26(2):1-5.
[3] 田丙正,张敏,张付海,等.加速溶剂萃取和净化-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定典型污染场地土壤中多氯联苯残留[J].中国环境监测,2018,34(5):104-112. TIAN Bingzheng,ZHANG Ming,ZHANG Fuhai,et al.Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Residue in the Soils of Typical Polluted Area by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2018,34(5):104-112.
[4] 郭军辉,殷月芬,韩彬,等.莱州湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯的测定方法及分布特征探究[J].中国环境监测,2011,27(3):35-41.GUO Junhui,YIN Yuefen,HAN Bin,et al.The Determination Methods and the Exploring to the Distributional Characteristics of PCBs in Surface Sediments of Laizhou Bay[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2011,27(3):35-41.
[5] Stockholm Convention.UNEP databank of laboratories analyzing POPs[EB/OL].[2018-10-08].http://www.pops.int/Implementation/Global MonitoringPlan/AdditionalResources/databankoflaborat ories/tabid/2420/Default.aspx.
[6] 房丽萍,封跃鹏,吴忠祥,等.同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定国际比对样品中有机氯农药和指示性多氯联苯[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(4):33-37.FANG Liping,FENG Yuepeng,WU Zhongxiang,et al.Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Determinate Organochlorine Pesticides and Marker Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Interlaboratory Comparison[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2012,28(4):33-37.
[7] 陈鑫,许秀艳,刘京,等.QA/QC措施在中哈有机氯农药联合监测工作中的应用[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(2):138-142.CHEN Xin,XU Xiuyan,LIU Jing,et al.The Important Role of QA/QC in the Joint Monitoring of Organic Chlorine Pesticides in China and Kazakhstan[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(2):138-142.
[8] GAO L,ZHENG M,LV Y,et al.Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment:Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II Temporal Trends[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,2016.
[9] ANTTILA P,BRORSTR?M-LUNDéN E,HANSSON K,et al.Assessment of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Nordic Atmosphere[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,140,22-33.
[10] BENSKIN J P,MUIR D C,SCOTT B F,et al.Perfluoroalkyl Acids in the Atlantic and Canadian Arctic Oceans[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2012,46:5 815-5 823.
[11] AHRENS L,XIE Z,EBINGHAUS R.Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Seawater from Northern Europe,Atlantic Ocean,and Southern Ocean[J].Chemosphere,2010,78:1 011-1 016.
[12] KIRCHGEORG T,WEINBERG I,DREYER A,et al.Perfluorinated Compounds in Marine Surface Waters:Data from the Baltic Sea and Methodological Challenges for Future Studies[J].Environmental Chemistry,2010,7:429-434.
[13] ZHAO Z,XIE Z,LLER A,et al.Distribution and Long-Range Transport of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Arctic,Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic Coast[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,170:71-77.
[14] CAI M,ZHAO Z,YIN Z,et al.Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Surface Waters from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2011,46:661-668.
[15] GONZ LEZ-GAYA B,DACHS J,ROSCALES J L,et al.Perfluoroalkylated Substances in the Global Tropical and Subtropical Surface Oceans[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2014,48:13 076-13 084.
[16] KUNACHEVA C,FUJII S,TANAKA S,et al.Worldwide Surveys of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Water Environment in Recent Years[J].Water Science Technology,2012,66:2 764-2 771.
[2] 李英明,王璞,丁磊,等.钢铁厂及其周围土壤中二口恶英和多氯联苯污染物的分布规律研究[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(2):1-5.LI Yingming,WANG Pu,DING Lei,et al.Distribution of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the Soil Around an Iron and Steel Making Plant[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2010,26(2):1-5.
[3] 田丙正,张敏,张付海,等.加速溶剂萃取和净化-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定典型污染场地土壤中多氯联苯残留[J].中国环境监测,2018,34(5):104-112. TIAN Bingzheng,ZHANG Ming,ZHANG Fuhai,et al.Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Residue in the Soils of Typical Polluted Area by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2018,34(5):104-112.
[4] 郭军辉,殷月芬,韩彬,等.莱州湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯的测定方法及分布特征探究[J].中国环境监测,2011,27(3):35-41.GUO Junhui,YIN Yuefen,HAN Bin,et al.The Determination Methods and the Exploring to the Distributional Characteristics of PCBs in Surface Sediments of Laizhou Bay[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2011,27(3):35-41.
[5] Stockholm Convention.UNEP databank of laboratories analyzing POPs[EB/OL].[2018-10-08].http://www.pops.int/Implementation/Global MonitoringPlan/AdditionalResources/databankoflaborat ories/tabid/2420/Default.aspx.
[6] 房丽萍,封跃鹏,吴忠祥,等.同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定国际比对样品中有机氯农药和指示性多氯联苯[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(4):33-37.FANG Liping,FENG Yuepeng,WU Zhongxiang,et al.Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Determinate Organochlorine Pesticides and Marker Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Interlaboratory Comparison[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2012,28(4):33-37.
[7] 陈鑫,许秀艳,刘京,等.QA/QC措施在中哈有机氯农药联合监测工作中的应用[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(2):138-142.CHEN Xin,XU Xiuyan,LIU Jing,et al.The Important Role of QA/QC in the Joint Monitoring of Organic Chlorine Pesticides in China and Kazakhstan[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(2):138-142.
[8] GAO L,ZHENG M,LV Y,et al.Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment:Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II Temporal Trends[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,2016.
[9] ANTTILA P,BRORSTR?M-LUNDéN E,HANSSON K,et al.Assessment of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Nordic Atmosphere[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,140,22-33.
[10] BENSKIN J P,MUIR D C,SCOTT B F,et al.Perfluoroalkyl Acids in the Atlantic and Canadian Arctic Oceans[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2012,46:5 815-5 823.
[11] AHRENS L,XIE Z,EBINGHAUS R.Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Seawater from Northern Europe,Atlantic Ocean,and Southern Ocean[J].Chemosphere,2010,78:1 011-1 016.
[12] KIRCHGEORG T,WEINBERG I,DREYER A,et al.Perfluorinated Compounds in Marine Surface Waters:Data from the Baltic Sea and Methodological Challenges for Future Studies[J].Environmental Chemistry,2010,7:429-434.
[13] ZHAO Z,XIE Z,LLER A,et al.Distribution and Long-Range Transport of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Arctic,Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic Coast[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,170:71-77.
[14] CAI M,ZHAO Z,YIN Z,et al.Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds in Surface Waters from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2011,46:661-668.
[15] GONZ LEZ-GAYA B,DACHS J,ROSCALES J L,et al.Perfluoroalkylated Substances in the Global Tropical and Subtropical Surface Oceans[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2014,48:13 076-13 084.
[16] KUNACHEVA C,FUJII S,TANAKA S,et al.Worldwide Surveys of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Water Environment in Recent Years[J].Water Science Technology,2012,66:2 764-2 771.
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