秘鲁外海茎柔鱼眼睛晶体微结构分析
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摘要
分析从秘鲁外海采集的113尾茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)眼睛晶体的微结构,并对其生长纹的周期性进行验证,结果显示:眼睛晶体由前后两个部分组成,直径最大处所处的平面为赤道面,记录了晶体中所有的生长纹,生长带周期性明显,每条生长带由明、暗相间的两条同心的生长纹组成。由晶体核心至边缘,相邻生长纹间隔逐渐变小,没有明显的过渡区。晶体平均直径为7 mm,且平均每天生长7条生长纹。通过配对样本t检验,发现眼睛晶体生长纹与耳石日龄之间有很大的差异性(P<0.05)。样本晶体生长纹A与晶体直径D呈指数关系(D=6.88e~(0.000 09A),n=113,R~2=0.578 1),与胴长ML也呈指数关系(L_(ML)=216.25e~(0.000 2A),n=113,R~2=0.463 2)。研究结果表明,茎柔鱼眼睛晶体生长纹不具有日周期性,但可将其作为个体生长分析的指标,为我国学者开展头足类年龄生长研究提供重要的基础文献。
Based on 113 Dosidicus gigas specimens collected from the sea of Peru, the microstructure of eye lens is analyzed and the periodicity of the formation of growth increments is validated. Results shows that eye lens consists of two halves: the front and back. The plane with the largest diameter is the equatorial plane, records all growth increments of lens. Eye lens is composed of hood and crest, in which light-dark alternated concentric growth increments are distinct. From the core to the edge of the eye lens, the spacing between adjacent growth increments gradually decreased and there is no obvious transition zone.The average diameter of the eye lens is 7 mm, and the average daily growth of 7 increments. Through paired sample t test, it was found that there was a significant difference between the increments of eye lens and statolith-determined age(P<0.05). The lens growth increments A of the sample showed an exponential relationship with the lens diameter D,(D=6.88 e~(0.000 09 A),n=113,R~2=0.578 1) and also had an exponential relationship with the mantle length ML(L_(ML)= 216.25 e~(0.000 2A), n=113, R~2=0.463 2). Although the results of the study negate the possibility of a daily periodical pattern of lens increments of the D.gigas, it can be regarded as individual growth analysis indicators, at the same time and it provides important basic literature for Chinese scholars to study the age growth of cephalopods.
Based on 113 Dosidicus gigas specimens collected from the sea of Peru, the microstructure of eye lens is analyzed and the periodicity of the formation of growth increments is validated. Results shows that eye lens consists of two halves: the front and back. The plane with the largest diameter is the equatorial plane, records all growth increments of lens. Eye lens is composed of hood and crest, in which light-dark alternated concentric growth increments are distinct. From the core to the edge of the eye lens, the spacing between adjacent growth increments gradually decreased and there is no obvious transition zone.The average diameter of the eye lens is 7 mm, and the average daily growth of 7 increments. Through paired sample t test, it was found that there was a significant difference between the increments of eye lens and statolith-determined age(P<0.05). The lens growth increments A of the sample showed an exponential relationship with the lens diameter D,(D=6.88 e~(0.000 09 A),n=113,R~2=0.578 1) and also had an exponential relationship with the mantle length ML(L_(ML)= 216.25 e~(0.000 2A), n=113, R~2=0.463 2). Although the results of the study negate the possibility of a daily periodical pattern of lens increments of the D.gigas, it can be regarded as individual growth analysis indicators, at the same time and it provides important basic literature for Chinese scholars to study the age growth of cephalopods.
引文
[1] TAIPE A,YAMASHIRO C,MARIATEGUI L,et al.Distribution and concentrations of jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) off the Peruvian coast between 1991 and 1999[J].Fisheries Research,2001,54(1):21-32.
[2] WALUDAC.Quantifying light-fishing for Dosidicus gigas in the eastern Pacific using satellite remote sensing[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,91(2):129-133.
[3] 陈新军,赵小虎.秘鲁外海茎柔鱼产量分布及其与表温关系的初步研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(1):65-70.CHEN X J,ZHAO X H.Preliminary study on the catchdistribution of Dosidicus gigas and its relationship with seasurface temperaturein the offshore waters of Peru[J].Journal of Shanghai FisheriesUniversity,2006,15(1):65-70.
[4] ARGUELLES J,RODHOUSE P G,VILLEGAS P,et al.Age,growth and population structure of the jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in Peruvian waters[J].Fisheries Research,2001,54(1):51-61.
[5] NIGMATULLIN C M,NESIS K N,ARKHIPKIN A I.A review of the biology of the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas (Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)[J].Fisheries Research,2001,54(1):9-19.
[6] 刘必林,陈新军,陈海刚,等.秘鲁外海茎柔鱼繁殖生物学研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(3):445-453.LIU B L,CHEN X J,CHEN H G,Reproduction of the Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) off Peru[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(3):445-453.
[7] 许巍,刘必林,陈新军,等.眼睛晶体在头足类生活史分析中的研究进展[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(3):408-412.XU W,LIU B L,CHEN X J,etal.Research advancements on role of eye lens in reconstruction of cephalopod life history[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2018,33(3):408-412.
[8] PACKARD A.Cephalopods and fish:the limits of convergence[J].Biological Reviews,1972,47(2):241-307.
[9] NILSSON D E,WARRANT E J,JOHNSEN S,et al.A unique advantage for giant eyes in giant squid[J].Current Biology,2012,22(8):683-688.
[10] WILLEKENS B,VRENSEN G,JACOB T,et al.The ultrastructure of the lens of the cephalopod Sepiola:a scanning electron microscopic study[J].Tissue and Cell,1984,16(6):941-950.
[11] CLARKE M R.Age determination and common sense[M]//OKUTANI T,O’DOR R K,KUBORERA T.Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology.Tokyo:Tokai University Press,1993:670-678.
[12] FERENBAUGH J.Elemental analysis of otoliths and eye lenses in the assessment of Steller sea lion diets[D].Texas:Texas Tech University,2007:637-643.
[13] O’SHEA S.Estimating age and growth rate in Architeuthisdux[D].Auckland:Auckland University of Technology,1998.
[14] CáRDENASE R B,CORREA S M,GUZMAN R C,et al.Eye lens structure of the octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus:evidence of growth[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,2011,30(2):199-204.
[15] AGUS B,MEREU M,CANNAS R,et al.Age determination of Loligo vulgaris and Loligo forbesii using eye lens analysis[J].Zoomorphology,2018,137(1):63-70.
[16] DAWE E G,NATSUKARI Y.Light microscopy[M]//JEREBP,RAGONESES,BOLETZKY S V.Squid Age Determination Using Statoliths.Mazara del Vallo,Sicily,Italy:Special Publication,1991:83-95.
[17] ARKHIPKIN A I.Statoliths as ‘black boxes’ (life recorders) in squid[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,2005,56(5):573-583.
[18] 刘必林,陈新军,陆化杰,等.头足类耳石[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.LIU B L,CHEN X J,LU H J,et al.The statolith of cephalopoda[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
[19] 杨泱.回归模型筛选准则及方法比较研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,40(3):134-138.YANG Y.Comparative research of regression model selection criteria[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition),2015,40(3):134-138.
[20] ARKHIPKIN A,JEREB P,RAGONESES.Growth and maturation in two successive seasonal groups of the short-finned squid,Illex coindetii from the Strait of Sicily (central Mediterranean)[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2000,57(1):31-41.
[21] MARKAIDA U,QUI?óNEZ-VELáZQUEZ C,SOSA-NISHIZAKI O.Age,growth and maturation of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae) from the Gulf of California,Mexico[J].Fisheries Research,2004,66(1):31-47.
[22] TRACEYSR,STEERMA,PECLGT.Life history traits of the temperate mini-maximalist Idiosepiusnotoides,(Cephalopoda:Sepioidea)[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,2003,83(6):1297-1300.
[23] RAYA C P,HERNáNDEZ-GONZáLEZ C L.Growth lines within the beak microstructure of the octopus Octopus vulgaris Cuvier,1797[J].South African Journal of Marine Science,1998,20(1):135-142.
[24] 刘必林,林静远,陈新军,等.西北太平洋柔鱼角质颚微结构及其生长纹周期性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(4):821-827.LIU B L,LIN J Y,CHEN X J,etal.Beak microstructure and validation of growth increments of neon flying squid in the northwest pacific ocean[J].Oceanologiaet Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(4):821-827.
[25] WANG X F,LIU B L,LI J H,et al.Comparative growth increments of gladius surface and cross-sections to estimate Sthenoteuthis oualaniensisage[J].Marine Biology,2018,165(4):78.
[26] RODRíGUEZ-DOMíNGUEZA,ROSAS C,MéNDEZ-LOEZAI,et al.Validation of growth increments in stylets,beaks and lenses as ageing tools in Octopus maya[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2013,449:194-199.
[27] WHEELER S H,KING D R.The use of eye-lens weights for aging wild rabbits,Oryctolaguscuniculus (L.),in Australia[J].Australian Wildlife Research,1980,7(1):79-84.
[28] POOLE W E,CARPENTER S M,WOOD J T.Growth of grey kangaroos and the reliability of age determination from body meausrements I.The eastern grey kangaroo,Macropus giganteus[J].Australian Wildlife Research,1982,9(1):9-20.
[29] AUGUSTEYN R C,COULSON G,LANDMAN K A.Determining kangaroo age from lens protein content[J].Australian Journal of Zoology,2003,51(5):485-494.
[30] MCLEOD S R,DRUHAN J P,HACKER R B.Estimating the age of kangaroos using eye lens weight[J].Wildlife Research,2006,33(1):25-28.
[31] RAINES C R,DIKEMAN M E,UNRUH J A,et al.Predicting cattle age from eye lens weight and nitrogen content,dentition,and United States Department of Agriculture maturity score[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(12):3557-3567.
[32] CRIVELLI A.The eye lens weight and age in the common carp,Cyprinus carpio L.[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1980,16(5):469-473.
[33] CONIDES A J,AL-HASSAN L A J.Using eye lens diameter as age indicator of young Lithognathusmormyrus and Diplodus vulgaris[J].Naga,2000,23(3):21-22.
[34] JACKSON G D.Application and future potential of statolith increment analysis in squids and sepioids[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51(11):2612-2625.
[35] PERALES-RAYA C,BARTOLOMéA,GARCíA-SANTAMARíA M T,et al.Age estimation obtained from analysis of octopus (Octopus vulgaris Cuvier,1797) beaks:Improvements and comparisons[J].Fisheries Research,2010,106(2):171-176.
[36] DOUBLEDAY Z A,WHITE J,PECL G T,et al.Age determination in merobenthic octopuses using stylet increment analysis:assessing future challenges using Macroctopus maorum as a model[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2011,68(10):2059-2063.
[37] WENTWORTH S L,MUNTZ W R A.Development of the eye and optic lobe of Octopus[J].Journal of Zoology,1992,227(4):673-684.
[2] WALUDAC.Quantifying light-fishing for Dosidicus gigas in the eastern Pacific using satellite remote sensing[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,91(2):129-133.
[3] 陈新军,赵小虎.秘鲁外海茎柔鱼产量分布及其与表温关系的初步研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(1):65-70.CHEN X J,ZHAO X H.Preliminary study on the catchdistribution of Dosidicus gigas and its relationship with seasurface temperaturein the offshore waters of Peru[J].Journal of Shanghai FisheriesUniversity,2006,15(1):65-70.
[4] ARGUELLES J,RODHOUSE P G,VILLEGAS P,et al.Age,growth and population structure of the jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in Peruvian waters[J].Fisheries Research,2001,54(1):51-61.
[5] NIGMATULLIN C M,NESIS K N,ARKHIPKIN A I.A review of the biology of the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas (Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)[J].Fisheries Research,2001,54(1):9-19.
[6] 刘必林,陈新军,陈海刚,等.秘鲁外海茎柔鱼繁殖生物学研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(3):445-453.LIU B L,CHEN X J,CHEN H G,Reproduction of the Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) off Peru[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(3):445-453.
[7] 许巍,刘必林,陈新军,等.眼睛晶体在头足类生活史分析中的研究进展[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(3):408-412.XU W,LIU B L,CHEN X J,etal.Research advancements on role of eye lens in reconstruction of cephalopod life history[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2018,33(3):408-412.
[8] PACKARD A.Cephalopods and fish:the limits of convergence[J].Biological Reviews,1972,47(2):241-307.
[9] NILSSON D E,WARRANT E J,JOHNSEN S,et al.A unique advantage for giant eyes in giant squid[J].Current Biology,2012,22(8):683-688.
[10] WILLEKENS B,VRENSEN G,JACOB T,et al.The ultrastructure of the lens of the cephalopod Sepiola:a scanning electron microscopic study[J].Tissue and Cell,1984,16(6):941-950.
[11] CLARKE M R.Age determination and common sense[M]//OKUTANI T,O’DOR R K,KUBORERA T.Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology.Tokyo:Tokai University Press,1993:670-678.
[12] FERENBAUGH J.Elemental analysis of otoliths and eye lenses in the assessment of Steller sea lion diets[D].Texas:Texas Tech University,2007:637-643.
[13] O’SHEA S.Estimating age and growth rate in Architeuthisdux[D].Auckland:Auckland University of Technology,1998.
[14] CáRDENASE R B,CORREA S M,GUZMAN R C,et al.Eye lens structure of the octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus:evidence of growth[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,2011,30(2):199-204.
[15] AGUS B,MEREU M,CANNAS R,et al.Age determination of Loligo vulgaris and Loligo forbesii using eye lens analysis[J].Zoomorphology,2018,137(1):63-70.
[16] DAWE E G,NATSUKARI Y.Light microscopy[M]//JEREBP,RAGONESES,BOLETZKY S V.Squid Age Determination Using Statoliths.Mazara del Vallo,Sicily,Italy:Special Publication,1991:83-95.
[17] ARKHIPKIN A I.Statoliths as ‘black boxes’ (life recorders) in squid[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,2005,56(5):573-583.
[18] 刘必林,陈新军,陆化杰,等.头足类耳石[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.LIU B L,CHEN X J,LU H J,et al.The statolith of cephalopoda[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
[19] 杨泱.回归模型筛选准则及方法比较研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,40(3):134-138.YANG Y.Comparative research of regression model selection criteria[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition),2015,40(3):134-138.
[20] ARKHIPKIN A,JEREB P,RAGONESES.Growth and maturation in two successive seasonal groups of the short-finned squid,Illex coindetii from the Strait of Sicily (central Mediterranean)[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2000,57(1):31-41.
[21] MARKAIDA U,QUI?óNEZ-VELáZQUEZ C,SOSA-NISHIZAKI O.Age,growth and maturation of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae) from the Gulf of California,Mexico[J].Fisheries Research,2004,66(1):31-47.
[22] TRACEYSR,STEERMA,PECLGT.Life history traits of the temperate mini-maximalist Idiosepiusnotoides,(Cephalopoda:Sepioidea)[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,2003,83(6):1297-1300.
[23] RAYA C P,HERNáNDEZ-GONZáLEZ C L.Growth lines within the beak microstructure of the octopus Octopus vulgaris Cuvier,1797[J].South African Journal of Marine Science,1998,20(1):135-142.
[24] 刘必林,林静远,陈新军,等.西北太平洋柔鱼角质颚微结构及其生长纹周期性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(4):821-827.LIU B L,LIN J Y,CHEN X J,etal.Beak microstructure and validation of growth increments of neon flying squid in the northwest pacific ocean[J].Oceanologiaet Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(4):821-827.
[25] WANG X F,LIU B L,LI J H,et al.Comparative growth increments of gladius surface and cross-sections to estimate Sthenoteuthis oualaniensisage[J].Marine Biology,2018,165(4):78.
[26] RODRíGUEZ-DOMíNGUEZA,ROSAS C,MéNDEZ-LOEZAI,et al.Validation of growth increments in stylets,beaks and lenses as ageing tools in Octopus maya[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2013,449:194-199.
[27] WHEELER S H,KING D R.The use of eye-lens weights for aging wild rabbits,Oryctolaguscuniculus (L.),in Australia[J].Australian Wildlife Research,1980,7(1):79-84.
[28] POOLE W E,CARPENTER S M,WOOD J T.Growth of grey kangaroos and the reliability of age determination from body meausrements I.The eastern grey kangaroo,Macropus giganteus[J].Australian Wildlife Research,1982,9(1):9-20.
[29] AUGUSTEYN R C,COULSON G,LANDMAN K A.Determining kangaroo age from lens protein content[J].Australian Journal of Zoology,2003,51(5):485-494.
[30] MCLEOD S R,DRUHAN J P,HACKER R B.Estimating the age of kangaroos using eye lens weight[J].Wildlife Research,2006,33(1):25-28.
[31] RAINES C R,DIKEMAN M E,UNRUH J A,et al.Predicting cattle age from eye lens weight and nitrogen content,dentition,and United States Department of Agriculture maturity score[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(12):3557-3567.
[32] CRIVELLI A.The eye lens weight and age in the common carp,Cyprinus carpio L.[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1980,16(5):469-473.
[33] CONIDES A J,AL-HASSAN L A J.Using eye lens diameter as age indicator of young Lithognathusmormyrus and Diplodus vulgaris[J].Naga,2000,23(3):21-22.
[34] JACKSON G D.Application and future potential of statolith increment analysis in squids and sepioids[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51(11):2612-2625.
[35] PERALES-RAYA C,BARTOLOMéA,GARCíA-SANTAMARíA M T,et al.Age estimation obtained from analysis of octopus (Octopus vulgaris Cuvier,1797) beaks:Improvements and comparisons[J].Fisheries Research,2010,106(2):171-176.
[36] DOUBLEDAY Z A,WHITE J,PECL G T,et al.Age determination in merobenthic octopuses using stylet increment analysis:assessing future challenges using Macroctopus maorum as a model[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2011,68(10):2059-2063.
[37] WENTWORTH S L,MUNTZ W R A.Development of the eye and optic lobe of Octopus[J].Journal of Zoology,1992,227(4):673-684.
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