不同耕地土壤微生物的呼吸及酶活性——以遵义市为例
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摘要
【目的】探明不同耕地土壤的微生物呼吸及酶活性,为喀斯特地区农田系统土壤健康和土地的可持续利用提供科学依据。【方法】以贵州省遵义市4种不同耕作土壤(1年西瓜地、3年西瓜地、青贮玉米地和菜地)为研究对象,采用土壤酶分析法研究不同耕作土壤的氧化还原酶类和水解酶类酶活性及微生物呼吸。【结果】过氧化氢酶活性以1年西瓜地土壤的最大,为1.03 Ua,3年西瓜地的最小,仅0.69 Ua;脱氢酶和淀粉酶活性以菜地的最大,分别为3.90和0.67 Ua,3年西瓜地的最小,分别为2.07和0.29 Ua;脲酶活性以青贮玉米地的最大,为1.04 Ua,3年西瓜地的最小,为0.18 Ua。微生物呼吸CO_2释放量与蔗糖酶和脲酶酶活性的相关性达显著水平,与脱氢酶活性的相关性达极显著水平;土壤微生物呼吸(CO_2释放量)随时间延长总体呈上升趋势,第6和11天时西瓜地与菜地、青贮玉米地间差异显著。【结论】土壤微生物呼吸指标可揭示易产生连作土壤的变化,为当地土地高效利用和耕地可持续发展提供科学依据。
【Objective】The soil microbial respiration and enzyme activity of different farmland types are detected to provide the scientific basis for soil health and land sustainable utilization of farmland system in Karst region. 【Method】The soil microbial respiration and activity of oxidoreductase and hydrolases in four cultivated soils(watermelon field for one year, watermelon field for three years, silage corn field and vegetable field) were studied by a soil enzyme analysis.【Result】The catalase activity of watermelon soil for one year and watermelon soil for three years was 1.03 Ua(maximum) and 0.69 Ua(maximum) respectively. The dehydrogenase activity of vegetable soil and watermelon soil for three years was 3.90 Ua(maximum) and 2.07 Ua(maximum) separately. The amylase activity of vegetable soil and watermelon soil for three years was 0.67 Ua(maximum) and 0.29 Ua(maximum) separately. The urease activity of silage corn soil and watermelon soil for three years is 1.04 Ua(maximum) and 0.18 Ua(maximum) respectively. The CO_2 released quantity from soil microbial respiration was significantly related to the activity of sucrase and urease and very significantly to dehydrogenase activity. The CO_2 released quantity from soil microbial respiration showed a rising trend with time prolonging overall. There was a significant difference in CO_2 released quantity between watermelon soil and vegetable soil or silage corn soil on sixth and eleventh day after planting.【Conclusion】The soil microbial respiration index can reveal soil change under the continuous cropping pattern to provide the scientific basis for land efficient utilization and farmland sustainable development in Zunyi.
【Objective】The soil microbial respiration and enzyme activity of different farmland types are detected to provide the scientific basis for soil health and land sustainable utilization of farmland system in Karst region. 【Method】The soil microbial respiration and activity of oxidoreductase and hydrolases in four cultivated soils(watermelon field for one year, watermelon field for three years, silage corn field and vegetable field) were studied by a soil enzyme analysis.【Result】The catalase activity of watermelon soil for one year and watermelon soil for three years was 1.03 Ua(maximum) and 0.69 Ua(maximum) respectively. The dehydrogenase activity of vegetable soil and watermelon soil for three years was 3.90 Ua(maximum) and 2.07 Ua(maximum) separately. The amylase activity of vegetable soil and watermelon soil for three years was 0.67 Ua(maximum) and 0.29 Ua(maximum) separately. The urease activity of silage corn soil and watermelon soil for three years is 1.04 Ua(maximum) and 0.18 Ua(maximum) respectively. The CO_2 released quantity from soil microbial respiration was significantly related to the activity of sucrase and urease and very significantly to dehydrogenase activity. The CO_2 released quantity from soil microbial respiration showed a rising trend with time prolonging overall. There was a significant difference in CO_2 released quantity between watermelon soil and vegetable soil or silage corn soil on sixth and eleventh day after planting.【Conclusion】The soil microbial respiration index can reveal soil change under the continuous cropping pattern to provide the scientific basis for land efficient utilization and farmland sustainable development in Zunyi.
引文
[1]张宝成,白艳芬.遵义畜禽养殖业粪便排放量估算与环境效应研究[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(5):39-40.
[2]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:70-78.
[3]李学柱.耕地土壤空气组成(CO2,O2)及土壤呼吸强度的测定方法[J].土壤通报,1961(4):63-67.
[4]宫杰芳,周运超,李小永,等.马尾松幼苗生理指标对高锰胁迫的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(3):520-525.
[5]杨伦,余薇薇,杜邦昊,等.集约化奶牛养殖场沼液对紫色土土壤酶活性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2018,46 (4):79-83.
[6]胡凯,王微.不同种植年限桉树人工林根际土壤微生物的活性[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(12):105-109.
[7]贺婧,王建宇,王菲.西瓜连作及倒茬对压砂地土壤酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(6):294-296.
[8]郑晓媛.桑树/大豆间作的种间关系及其土壤磷酸酶变化[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2011:74-76.
[9]臧逸飞,郝明德,张丽琼,等.26年长期施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1445-1451.
[10]妙佳源,李夏,周达,等.连作对谷子土壤酶活性及养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):123-126.
[11]姚华开,刘岳飞,张传进,等.不同作物根际土壤生物学性状及细菌多样性特征比较[J].西南农业学报,2018(2):70-72.
[12]杨广超,吕卫光,朱静,等.西瓜根、茎、叶水浸提液对西瓜种子萌发及幼苗中酶活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(1):46-51.
[13]贾联红.嫁接西瓜化感效应的研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012:89-91.
[14]范艳春.三峡库区两种森林土壤微生物呼吸与土壤酶特性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012:78-81.
[15]薛萐,李占斌,李鹏,等.不同植被恢复模式对黄土丘陵区土壤抗蚀性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(1):69-72.
[16]薛萐,刘国彬,潘彦平,等.黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林土壤活性有机碳与碳库管理指数演变[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1458-1464.
[17]薛萐,刘国彬,张超,等.黄土高原丘陵区坡改梯后的土壤质量效应[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):310-316.
[2]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:70-78.
[3]李学柱.耕地土壤空气组成(CO2,O2)及土壤呼吸强度的测定方法[J].土壤通报,1961(4):63-67.
[4]宫杰芳,周运超,李小永,等.马尾松幼苗生理指标对高锰胁迫的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(3):520-525.
[5]杨伦,余薇薇,杜邦昊,等.集约化奶牛养殖场沼液对紫色土土壤酶活性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2018,46 (4):79-83.
[6]胡凯,王微.不同种植年限桉树人工林根际土壤微生物的活性[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(12):105-109.
[7]贺婧,王建宇,王菲.西瓜连作及倒茬对压砂地土壤酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(6):294-296.
[8]郑晓媛.桑树/大豆间作的种间关系及其土壤磷酸酶变化[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2011:74-76.
[9]臧逸飞,郝明德,张丽琼,等.26年长期施肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1445-1451.
[10]妙佳源,李夏,周达,等.连作对谷子土壤酶活性及养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):123-126.
[11]姚华开,刘岳飞,张传进,等.不同作物根际土壤生物学性状及细菌多样性特征比较[J].西南农业学报,2018(2):70-72.
[12]杨广超,吕卫光,朱静,等.西瓜根、茎、叶水浸提液对西瓜种子萌发及幼苗中酶活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(1):46-51.
[13]贾联红.嫁接西瓜化感效应的研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012:89-91.
[14]范艳春.三峡库区两种森林土壤微生物呼吸与土壤酶特性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012:78-81.
[15]薛萐,李占斌,李鹏,等.不同植被恢复模式对黄土丘陵区土壤抗蚀性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(1):69-72.
[16]薛萐,刘国彬,潘彦平,等.黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林土壤活性有机碳与碳库管理指数演变[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1458-1464.
[17]薛萐,刘国彬,张超,等.黄土高原丘陵区坡改梯后的土壤质量效应[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):310-316.
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