不同鸭品种在“稻鸭共作”系统中的行为学差异及对水稻产量的影响
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摘要
为探究鸭在稻田间的运动规律,揭示不同鸭品种在田间的行为学差异以及对水稻产量的影响。本研究选取稻鸭共作试验田9块(766 m2/块),按225只/hm2分别放入‘役用鸭’(绿头野鸭♂?金定鸭♀)、‘金定鸭’、‘白改鸭’等3个鸭品种,通过视频监控系统,采用连续观察法记录鸭在每天的5:00—20:00时间段内在田间的游动、休息、采食等行为的发生时间和持续时间,连续观察5天。结果表明,鸭田间活动高峰一般是在5:00—7:00,8:00—11:00以及15:00—18:00等时间段,‘役用鸭’和‘金定鸭’每天的活动时间分别为324.50 min(36.06%),315.75 min(35.08%),极显著高于‘白改鸭’264.50 min (29.39%)(P<0.01)。采用‘役用鸭’、‘金定鸭’、‘白改鸭’进行稻鸭共作后,水稻产量分别比对照组提高了22.75%,20.14%和10.89%。水稻产量构成因素与鸭游动时间相关性分析发现,结实率、理论产量与游动时间呈极显著正相关(r=0.959,P<0.01;r=0.858,P<0.01),千粒重、实际产量与游动时间呈显著正相关(r=0.627,P<0.05;r=0.767,P<0.05)。研究结果表明:‘役用鸭’对水稻的增产效果最好,且发现游动时间可作为影响稻鸭共作水稻产量的重要评价指标。
The aims are to study the motion law of duck in rice field, and clarify the behavioral differences of different duck breeds in rice field and the effect on rice yield. 9 integrated rice-duck farming fields(each one was 766 m2) were selected in this study.‘Yiyong'Duck(Mallard♂?Jinding Duck♀),‘Jinding'Duck and‘Baigai'Duck were placed in the 9 fields according to the density of 225 ducks/hm2. Using the video monitoring system, the occurrence time and duration time of swimming, resting and feeding of ducks was investigated from 5:00 to 20:00 each day with continuous observation method. The observation was continued for 5 days. The results showed that the activity peaks of the ducks were usually at 5:00-7:00, 8:00-11:00 and18:00 in one day. The daily activity time of‘Yiyong'Duck and‘Jinding'Duck was 324.50 min(36.06%) and 315.75 min(35.08%), respectively, which was significantly higher than that of‘Baigai'Duck(264.50 min, 29.39%, P<0.01). The rice yield increased by 22.75%, 20.14% and 10.89% in the integrated rice-duck farming with‘Yiyong'Duck,‘Jinding'Duck and‘Baigai'Duck, respectively. The correlation analysis between yield factors of rice and swimming time of ducks showed that there was an extremely significant and positive correlation between the setting rate, theoretical output and swimming time(r=0.959, P<0.01; r=0.858, P<0.01). There was an obviously positive correlation between thousand-grain weight, actual yield and swimming time(r=0.627, P<0.05; r=0.767, P<0.05). The results indicate that‘Yiyong'Duck has the best effect on yield increasing effect, and the swimming time of duck is an important index for evaluating rice yield in the integrated rice-duck farming system. The results could provide important reference data for the selection of feasible duck breeds and the improvement of rice yield in the IRDF.
The aims are to study the motion law of duck in rice field, and clarify the behavioral differences of different duck breeds in rice field and the effect on rice yield. 9 integrated rice-duck farming fields(each one was 766 m2) were selected in this study.‘Yiyong'Duck(Mallard♂?Jinding Duck♀),‘Jinding'Duck and‘Baigai'Duck were placed in the 9 fields according to the density of 225 ducks/hm2. Using the video monitoring system, the occurrence time and duration time of swimming, resting and feeding of ducks was investigated from 5:00 to 20:00 each day with continuous observation method. The observation was continued for 5 days. The results showed that the activity peaks of the ducks were usually at 5:00-7:00, 8:00-11:00 and18:00 in one day. The daily activity time of‘Yiyong'Duck and‘Jinding'Duck was 324.50 min(36.06%) and 315.75 min(35.08%), respectively, which was significantly higher than that of‘Baigai'Duck(264.50 min, 29.39%, P<0.01). The rice yield increased by 22.75%, 20.14% and 10.89% in the integrated rice-duck farming with‘Yiyong'Duck,‘Jinding'Duck and‘Baigai'Duck, respectively. The correlation analysis between yield factors of rice and swimming time of ducks showed that there was an extremely significant and positive correlation between the setting rate, theoretical output and swimming time(r=0.959, P<0.01; r=0.858, P<0.01). There was an obviously positive correlation between thousand-grain weight, actual yield and swimming time(r=0.627, P<0.05; r=0.767, P<0.05). The results indicate that‘Yiyong'Duck has the best effect on yield increasing effect, and the swimming time of duck is an important index for evaluating rice yield in the integrated rice-duck farming system. The results could provide important reference data for the selection of feasible duck breeds and the improvement of rice yield in the IRDF.
引文
[1]段然.施肥方式对稻田氮素转化的影响及其微生物学机制[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.
[2]全国农技中心病虫害测报处.2019年全国农作物重大病虫发生将重于上年[J]农药市场信息,2019,24(2):56-57.
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[4]陈苏敏,胡启山,郭鹏程,等.农药污染及其危害的有效防控[J].现代农业科技,2008(4):94-95.
[5]高如梦,杜江,李晓涛,等.农业增长与环境污染的动态分析——基于2006—2015年面板数据的验证[J]中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(12):138-145.
[6]张苗苗,宗良纲,谢桐洲,等.有机稻鸭共作对土壤养分动态变化和经济效益的影响[J]中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(2):256-260.
[7]沈晓昆.无公害优质稻米和鸭肉生产新技术——“稻鸭共作”[J].中国家禽,2003, 25(12):8-11.
[8]盛嘉华.延陵“稻鸭共作”基地初显风采[J].中国老区建设, 2003(6):42-42.
[9]魏守辉,强胜,马波,等.稻鸭共作及其他控草措施对稻田杂草群落的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(6):1067-1071.
[10]孙国俊,蒋林忠,蒋小春,等.稻鸭共作对稻田飞虱和杂草的生物控制试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2008(3):76-78.
[11]王炜,张建军,陈恩会,等.稻鸭共作对水稻病虫草害的控制效果评价[J].金陵科技学院学报,2017,33(4):48-52.
[12]章家恩,许荣宝,全国明,等.鸭稻共作对水稻植株生长性状与产量性状的影响[J].资源科学,2011,33(6):1053-1059.
[13]尤国生.稻—鸭共作对山区水稻田杂草控制效果及增产效应的研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2013.
[14]全国明,章家恩,滕丽丽,等.稻鸭共作对水稻根系生长的影响[J].华南农业大学学报, 2008, 29(3):1-5.
[15]杨志辉,黄璜.稻鸭复合生态系统稻田土壤质量研究[J].土壤通报, 2004,35(2):118.
[16]杨治平,刘小燕,黄璜,等.稻田养鸭对稻鸭复合系统中病、虫、草害及蜘蛛的影响[J].生态学报, 2004,24(12):2756-2760.
[17] Huang Y, Wang H, Huang H, et al. Characteristics of methane emission from wetland rice-duck complex ecosystem[J]. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2005,105:181-193.
[18]曹凑贵,汪金平,邓环,等.稻鸭共生对稻田水生动物群落的影响[J].生态学报, 2005, 25(10):2644-2649.
[19]戴网成.役用鸭的田间管理[J].中国禽业导刊, 2004(8):12.
[20]李军,郑文江,宋珊珊,等.役鸭放养密度对有机水稻生产经济效益的影响[J].新疆农垦科技, 2012(7):4-5.
[21]李俊营,刘伟,钱立祥,等.稻鸭共生对枞阳媒鸭生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽, 2018(7):32-36.
[22]卢跃红,戴志明,张曦,等.稻鸭共生对鸭肉品质和屠宰性能的影响[J].中国家禽, 2009, 31(5):20-22.
[23]沈晓昆,王志强,戴网成,等.日本对鸭生理学行为学研究及其在稻鸭共作上的应用[J].中国家禽, 2006, 28(11):55-56.
[24]邸树峰,孟英.哈尔滨地区稻鸭共作试验研究初报[J].黑龙江农业科学, 2013(2):26-30.
[25]蒋志刚.麋鹿行为谱及PAE编码系统[J].兽类学报,2000,20(1):1-12.
[26]田军东,王振龙,路纪琪,等.基于PAE编码系统的太行山猕猴行为谱[J].兽类学报,2011,31(2):263-269.
[27]沈晓昆.稻鸭共作增值关键技术[M].北京:中国三峡出版社,2006:36-37.
[28]张宇虹.放养密度对鸭子在稻田内运动规律的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[29]沈晓昆.鸭的生物学特性与役用功能[J].家禽科学,2018(3):40-41.
[30]张本华,张宇虹,孔爱菊,等.放养密度对稻田内鸭子运动规律及杂草控制效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(3):234-239.
[31]沈晓昆.稻鸭共作-无公害有机稻米生产新技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002:50-50.
[32]王强盛,黄丕生,甄若宏,等.稻鸭共作对稻田营养生态及稻米品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(4):639-645.
[33]张为强,印良柏,王明,等.稻鸭共作对稻米品质影响的试验研究[J].农业工程技术, 2016,36(35):21-22.
[34]侯立刚,赵国臣,刘亮,等.有机水稻生产环境下稻鸭共作对产量构成因素的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2009,34(6):10-12.
[35] Saleh Mofidian1,Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi. Evaluation of Integrated Farming of Rice and Duck on Rice Grain Yield in Gilan, Iran[J].Acta Univ. Agric.Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.2015,63,1161-1168.
[36]甄若宏,王强盛,何加骏,等.稻鸭共作对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(5):615-617.
[2]全国农技中心病虫害测报处.2019年全国农作物重大病虫发生将重于上年[J]农药市场信息,2019,24(2):56-57.
[3] Yeung R M W, Morris J. Consumer perception of food risk in chicken meat[J]. Nutrition and Food Science, 2001,31(6):270-278.
[4]陈苏敏,胡启山,郭鹏程,等.农药污染及其危害的有效防控[J].现代农业科技,2008(4):94-95.
[5]高如梦,杜江,李晓涛,等.农业增长与环境污染的动态分析——基于2006—2015年面板数据的验证[J]中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(12):138-145.
[6]张苗苗,宗良纲,谢桐洲,等.有机稻鸭共作对土壤养分动态变化和经济效益的影响[J]中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(2):256-260.
[7]沈晓昆.无公害优质稻米和鸭肉生产新技术——“稻鸭共作”[J].中国家禽,2003, 25(12):8-11.
[8]盛嘉华.延陵“稻鸭共作”基地初显风采[J].中国老区建设, 2003(6):42-42.
[9]魏守辉,强胜,马波,等.稻鸭共作及其他控草措施对稻田杂草群落的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(6):1067-1071.
[10]孙国俊,蒋林忠,蒋小春,等.稻鸭共作对稻田飞虱和杂草的生物控制试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2008(3):76-78.
[11]王炜,张建军,陈恩会,等.稻鸭共作对水稻病虫草害的控制效果评价[J].金陵科技学院学报,2017,33(4):48-52.
[12]章家恩,许荣宝,全国明,等.鸭稻共作对水稻植株生长性状与产量性状的影响[J].资源科学,2011,33(6):1053-1059.
[13]尤国生.稻—鸭共作对山区水稻田杂草控制效果及增产效应的研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2013.
[14]全国明,章家恩,滕丽丽,等.稻鸭共作对水稻根系生长的影响[J].华南农业大学学报, 2008, 29(3):1-5.
[15]杨志辉,黄璜.稻鸭复合生态系统稻田土壤质量研究[J].土壤通报, 2004,35(2):118.
[16]杨治平,刘小燕,黄璜,等.稻田养鸭对稻鸭复合系统中病、虫、草害及蜘蛛的影响[J].生态学报, 2004,24(12):2756-2760.
[17] Huang Y, Wang H, Huang H, et al. Characteristics of methane emission from wetland rice-duck complex ecosystem[J]. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2005,105:181-193.
[18]曹凑贵,汪金平,邓环,等.稻鸭共生对稻田水生动物群落的影响[J].生态学报, 2005, 25(10):2644-2649.
[19]戴网成.役用鸭的田间管理[J].中国禽业导刊, 2004(8):12.
[20]李军,郑文江,宋珊珊,等.役鸭放养密度对有机水稻生产经济效益的影响[J].新疆农垦科技, 2012(7):4-5.
[21]李俊营,刘伟,钱立祥,等.稻鸭共生对枞阳媒鸭生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽, 2018(7):32-36.
[22]卢跃红,戴志明,张曦,等.稻鸭共生对鸭肉品质和屠宰性能的影响[J].中国家禽, 2009, 31(5):20-22.
[23]沈晓昆,王志强,戴网成,等.日本对鸭生理学行为学研究及其在稻鸭共作上的应用[J].中国家禽, 2006, 28(11):55-56.
[24]邸树峰,孟英.哈尔滨地区稻鸭共作试验研究初报[J].黑龙江农业科学, 2013(2):26-30.
[25]蒋志刚.麋鹿行为谱及PAE编码系统[J].兽类学报,2000,20(1):1-12.
[26]田军东,王振龙,路纪琪,等.基于PAE编码系统的太行山猕猴行为谱[J].兽类学报,2011,31(2):263-269.
[27]沈晓昆.稻鸭共作增值关键技术[M].北京:中国三峡出版社,2006:36-37.
[28]张宇虹.放养密度对鸭子在稻田内运动规律的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[29]沈晓昆.鸭的生物学特性与役用功能[J].家禽科学,2018(3):40-41.
[30]张本华,张宇虹,孔爱菊,等.放养密度对稻田内鸭子运动规律及杂草控制效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(3):234-239.
[31]沈晓昆.稻鸭共作-无公害有机稻米生产新技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002:50-50.
[32]王强盛,黄丕生,甄若宏,等.稻鸭共作对稻田营养生态及稻米品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(4):639-645.
[33]张为强,印良柏,王明,等.稻鸭共作对稻米品质影响的试验研究[J].农业工程技术, 2016,36(35):21-22.
[34]侯立刚,赵国臣,刘亮,等.有机水稻生产环境下稻鸭共作对产量构成因素的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2009,34(6):10-12.
[35] Saleh Mofidian1,Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi. Evaluation of Integrated Farming of Rice and Duck on Rice Grain Yield in Gilan, Iran[J].Acta Univ. Agric.Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.2015,63,1161-1168.
[36]甄若宏,王强盛,何加骏,等.稻鸭共作对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(5):615-617.
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