不同制炭材料与温度对水稻生长发育影响
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摘要
旨在找到适合南通地区秸秆生物质炭还田的最适条件。在南通科技职业学院试验基地,设7组不同处理CK、3SD、4SD、5SD、3YM、4YM、5YM。测定生物质炭施用后稻田土壤的物理性状、养分含量、酶活性以及微生物群落结构的变化状况,采用水稻产量以及多指标的冗余分析评价不同制炭条件与生物质炭施用量对水稻生长发育的影响。结果表明,5SD与5YM均能使水稻增产,分别为28.01%和29.86%,5SD对水稻增产效果更高;在成熟时期5SD与CK相比,对水稻生物量具有增产的效果增幅为65.99%;对稻田土壤微生物总量具有增幅效果为243.90%。而稻田土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、土壤酶脲活性、土壤蔗糖酶活性均会降低,降幅为-41.01%、-82.78%、-48.92%、-57.29%。在本实验条件下施加500℃、水稻秸秆制成的生物炭对水稻的增产效果最好,而且还能改善土壤理化性质以及土壤酶活性。
The aim is to find the most suitable condition of straw biomass carbon returning to field in Nantong.Seven treatments were set up in experimental station of Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology,including no biomass carbon(CK), rice straw carbon(3 SD), rice straw carbon(4 SD), rice straw carbon(5 SD),corn straw carbon(3 YM), corn straw carbon(4 YM), and corn straw carbon(5 YM). The soil physical properties,nutrient content, enzyme activity and microbial community structure in paddy field were determined after applying biomass carbon. The effects of different char-making conditions and biomass char application amounts on growth and development of rice were evaluated by redundancy analysis of rice yield and multiple indexes. The results showed that both 5 SD and 5 YM treatments could increase rice yield by 28.01% and29.86%, respectively. 5 SD treatment had a better yield increase effect on rice. Compared with CK at mature stage, 5 SD treatment increased rice yield by 65.99%However, the decrease range of soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, soil enzyme urea activity, and soil invertase activity in paddy soil was-41.01%,-82.78%,-48.92% and-57.29%,respectively. In this experiment condition, biochar made from rice straw at 500℃ had the best effect on rice yield increase, and could also improve soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities.
The aim is to find the most suitable condition of straw biomass carbon returning to field in Nantong.Seven treatments were set up in experimental station of Nantong Vocational College of Science and Technology,including no biomass carbon(CK), rice straw carbon(3 SD), rice straw carbon(4 SD), rice straw carbon(5 SD),corn straw carbon(3 YM), corn straw carbon(4 YM), and corn straw carbon(5 YM). The soil physical properties,nutrient content, enzyme activity and microbial community structure in paddy field were determined after applying biomass carbon. The effects of different char-making conditions and biomass char application amounts on growth and development of rice were evaluated by redundancy analysis of rice yield and multiple indexes. The results showed that both 5 SD and 5 YM treatments could increase rice yield by 28.01% and29.86%, respectively. 5 SD treatment had a better yield increase effect on rice. Compared with CK at mature stage, 5 SD treatment increased rice yield by 65.99%However, the decrease range of soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, soil enzyme urea activity, and soil invertase activity in paddy soil was-41.01%,-82.78%,-48.92% and-57.29%,respectively. In this experiment condition, biochar made from rice straw at 500℃ had the best effect on rice yield increase, and could also improve soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities.
引文
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[6] Goldberged. Black Carbon in the Environment:Properties and Distribution[M]. New York, NY, USA, 1985:198
[7] Lehmann J. Bio-energy in the black[J]. Frontiers in Ecology&the Environment, 2007,5(7):381-387.
[8] Yuan J H, Xu R K, Zhang H. The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2011, 102(3):3488-3497.
[9] Singh B P, Hatton B J, Balwant S, et al. Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils[J]. J Environ qual, 2010, 39(4):1224-1235.
[10] Knicker H, Hilscher A, González-Vila F J, et al. A new conceptual model for the structural properties of char produced during vegetation fires[J]. Org geochem, 2008, 39(8):935-939.
[11] Singh B, Singh B P, Cowie A L, et al. Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment[J].Soil res., 2010, 48(7):516-525.
[12]袁金华,徐仁扣.稻壳制备的生物质炭对红壤和黄棕壤酸度的改良效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(5):472-476.
[13]谢国雄,王道泽,吴耀,等.生物质炭对退化蔬菜地土壤的改良效果[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(1):67-71.
[14]陈心想,耿增超.生物质炭在农业上的应用[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2013,41(2):167-174.
[15]王宁,李九玉,徐仁扣.三种植物物料对两种茶园土壤酸度的改良效果[J].土壤,2009,41(5):764-771.
[16] Chan K Y, Zwieten L V, Meszaros I, et al. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2007,45(8):629-634.
[17]钱伯章.生物燃料的发展现状和前景[J].精细石油化工进展,2006(10):57-58.
[18] Glaser B, Lehmann J, Zech W. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal–a review[J]. Biology&Fertility of Soils, 2002, 35(4):219-230.
[19] Topoliantz S, Ponge J F, Ballof S. Manioc peel and charcoal:a potential organic amendment for sustainable soil fertility in the tropics[J]. Biology&Fertility of Soils, 2005,41(1):15-21.
[20] Iswaran V, Jauhri K S, Sen A. Effect of charcoal, coal and peat on the yield of moong soybean and pea[J]. Soil biol biochem, 1980,12(2):191-192.
[21] Liu Y, Yang M, Wu Y, et al. Reducing CH4and CO2emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments, 2011,11(6):930-939.
[22] Spokas K A, Reicosky D C. Impacts of sixteen different biochars on soil greenhouse gas production[J]. Annals of Environmental Science, 2009(3):179-193
[23]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-339.
[24] Muyzer G, Waal E C D, Uitterlinden A G. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for16S Rrna[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1993,59(3):695-700.
[23]吴楠,乔敏,朱永官.猪场土壤中5种四环素抗性基因的检测和定量[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(5):705-710.
[25] Si C A B, Haskins K E, Overby S T, et al. Community-level physiological profiles of bacteria and fungi:plate type and incubation temperature influences on contrasting soils[J]. Fems Microbiol Ecol, 2003,44(3):319-328.
[26] Iswaran V, Jauhri K S, Sen A. Effect of charcoal, coal and peat on the yield of moong, soybean and pea[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 1980,12(2):191-192.
[27] Steiner C, Teixeira W G, Lehmann J, et al. Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil[J].Plant&Soil, 2007, 291(2):275-290.
[28] O'Laughlin J, Mcelligott K, Johannes Lehmann Stephen M. Joseph Biochar for Environmental Management:Science and Technology2009 Earthscan London UK 448[J]. Forest Policy&Economics,2009, 11(7):535-536.
[29]吕伟波.生物炭对土壤微生物生态特征的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012:40-41.
[30] Haefele S M, Konboon Y, Wongboon W, et al. Effects and fate of biochar from rice residues in rice-based systems[J]. Field Cropres,2011,121(3):430-440.
[31] Peng X, Ye L L, Wang C H, et al. Temperature-and durationdependent rice straw-derived biochar:Characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an Ultisol in southern China[J]. Soil Till Res,2011,112(2):159-166.
[32] Uzoma K C, Inoue M, Andry H, et al. Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition[J]. Soil Use&Management, 2011, 27(2):205-212.
[33] Shukla G, Varma A. Soil Enzymology[M].Springer, 2011:43-61.
[34]周礼恺.土壤酶学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:147-160.
[35] Czimczik C I, Masiello C A. Controls on black carbon storage in soils[J]. Global Biogeochemcy, 2007,21(3):1-8.
[36]李东坡,武志杰,陈利军,等.长期培肥黑土微生物量磷动态变化及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1897-1902.
[37]任丽萍,宋玉芳,许华夏,等.旱田养分淋溶规律及对地下水影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2001,20(3):133-136.
[38]李芳芳,高人,尹云锋,等.黑碳添加对杉木人工林土壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2011,06(4):49-54.
[39]丁艳丽,刘杰,王莹莹.生物炭对农田土壤微生物生态的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3311-3317.
[40]田雅楠,王红旗. Biolog法在环境微生物功能多样性研究中的应用[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(3):50-57.
[41] Atlas R M. Diversity of Microbial Communities[J]. Advances in Microbial Ecology, 1984,7(4):21-27.
[42] Samonin V, Elikova E. A study of the adsorption of bacterial cells on porous materials[J]. Mocrobiology, 2004,73(6):696-701.
[43] Liang F, Gui-Tong L I, Lin Q M, et al. Crop Yield and Soil Properties in the First 3 Years After Biochar Application to a Calcareous Soil[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014,13(3):525-532.
[44] Da D, Min Y, Cheng W, et al. Responses of methane emissions and rice yield to applications of biochar and straw in a paddy field[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments, 2013,13(8):1450-1460.
[45] Tender C A D, Debode J, Vandecasteele B, et al. physicochemical and plant health responses in lettuce and strawberry in soil or peat amended with biochar[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2016,107:1-12.
[46] Xu H. A new index for delineating builta€up land features in satellite imagery[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2008,29(14):4269-4276.
[47]张斌,刘晓雨,潘根兴,等.施用生物质炭后稻田土壤性质、水稻产量和痕量温室气体排放的变化[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23)4844-4853.
[48] Liu J, Shen J, Yong L, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on the net greenhouse gas emission and greenhouse gas intensity in a Chinese double rice cropping system[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2014, 65:30-39.
[2]厉青,张丽娟,吴传庆,等.基于卫星遥感的秸秆焚烧监测及对空气质量影响分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(1):32-37.
[3]苏继峰,朱彬,周韬,等.秸秆焚烧导致南京及周边地区2次空气污染事件的成因比较[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(1):37-41.
[4]花莉,张成,马宏瑞,等.秸秆生物质炭土地利用的环境效益研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(10):2489-2492.
[5]花莉,唐志刚,解井坤,等.生物质炭对农田温室气体排放的作用效应及其影响因素探讨[J].生态环境学报, 2013(6):1068-1073.
[6] Goldberged. Black Carbon in the Environment:Properties and Distribution[M]. New York, NY, USA, 1985:198
[7] Lehmann J. Bio-energy in the black[J]. Frontiers in Ecology&the Environment, 2007,5(7):381-387.
[8] Yuan J H, Xu R K, Zhang H. The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2011, 102(3):3488-3497.
[9] Singh B P, Hatton B J, Balwant S, et al. Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils[J]. J Environ qual, 2010, 39(4):1224-1235.
[10] Knicker H, Hilscher A, González-Vila F J, et al. A new conceptual model for the structural properties of char produced during vegetation fires[J]. Org geochem, 2008, 39(8):935-939.
[11] Singh B, Singh B P, Cowie A L, et al. Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment[J].Soil res., 2010, 48(7):516-525.
[12]袁金华,徐仁扣.稻壳制备的生物质炭对红壤和黄棕壤酸度的改良效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(5):472-476.
[13]谢国雄,王道泽,吴耀,等.生物质炭对退化蔬菜地土壤的改良效果[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(1):67-71.
[14]陈心想,耿增超.生物质炭在农业上的应用[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2013,41(2):167-174.
[15]王宁,李九玉,徐仁扣.三种植物物料对两种茶园土壤酸度的改良效果[J].土壤,2009,41(5):764-771.
[16] Chan K Y, Zwieten L V, Meszaros I, et al. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2007,45(8):629-634.
[17]钱伯章.生物燃料的发展现状和前景[J].精细石油化工进展,2006(10):57-58.
[18] Glaser B, Lehmann J, Zech W. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal–a review[J]. Biology&Fertility of Soils, 2002, 35(4):219-230.
[19] Topoliantz S, Ponge J F, Ballof S. Manioc peel and charcoal:a potential organic amendment for sustainable soil fertility in the tropics[J]. Biology&Fertility of Soils, 2005,41(1):15-21.
[20] Iswaran V, Jauhri K S, Sen A. Effect of charcoal, coal and peat on the yield of moong soybean and pea[J]. Soil biol biochem, 1980,12(2):191-192.
[21] Liu Y, Yang M, Wu Y, et al. Reducing CH4and CO2emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments, 2011,11(6):930-939.
[22] Spokas K A, Reicosky D C. Impacts of sixteen different biochars on soil greenhouse gas production[J]. Annals of Environmental Science, 2009(3):179-193
[23]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-339.
[24] Muyzer G, Waal E C D, Uitterlinden A G. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for16S Rrna[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1993,59(3):695-700.
[23]吴楠,乔敏,朱永官.猪场土壤中5种四环素抗性基因的检测和定量[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(5):705-710.
[25] Si C A B, Haskins K E, Overby S T, et al. Community-level physiological profiles of bacteria and fungi:plate type and incubation temperature influences on contrasting soils[J]. Fems Microbiol Ecol, 2003,44(3):319-328.
[26] Iswaran V, Jauhri K S, Sen A. Effect of charcoal, coal and peat on the yield of moong, soybean and pea[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 1980,12(2):191-192.
[27] Steiner C, Teixeira W G, Lehmann J, et al. Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil[J].Plant&Soil, 2007, 291(2):275-290.
[28] O'Laughlin J, Mcelligott K, Johannes Lehmann Stephen M. Joseph Biochar for Environmental Management:Science and Technology2009 Earthscan London UK 448[J]. Forest Policy&Economics,2009, 11(7):535-536.
[29]吕伟波.生物炭对土壤微生物生态特征的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012:40-41.
[30] Haefele S M, Konboon Y, Wongboon W, et al. Effects and fate of biochar from rice residues in rice-based systems[J]. Field Cropres,2011,121(3):430-440.
[31] Peng X, Ye L L, Wang C H, et al. Temperature-and durationdependent rice straw-derived biochar:Characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an Ultisol in southern China[J]. Soil Till Res,2011,112(2):159-166.
[32] Uzoma K C, Inoue M, Andry H, et al. Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition[J]. Soil Use&Management, 2011, 27(2):205-212.
[33] Shukla G, Varma A. Soil Enzymology[M].Springer, 2011:43-61.
[34]周礼恺.土壤酶学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:147-160.
[35] Czimczik C I, Masiello C A. Controls on black carbon storage in soils[J]. Global Biogeochemcy, 2007,21(3):1-8.
[36]李东坡,武志杰,陈利军,等.长期培肥黑土微生物量磷动态变化及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1897-1902.
[37]任丽萍,宋玉芳,许华夏,等.旱田养分淋溶规律及对地下水影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2001,20(3):133-136.
[38]李芳芳,高人,尹云锋,等.黑碳添加对杉木人工林土壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2011,06(4):49-54.
[39]丁艳丽,刘杰,王莹莹.生物炭对农田土壤微生物生态的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3311-3317.
[40]田雅楠,王红旗. Biolog法在环境微生物功能多样性研究中的应用[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(3):50-57.
[41] Atlas R M. Diversity of Microbial Communities[J]. Advances in Microbial Ecology, 1984,7(4):21-27.
[42] Samonin V, Elikova E. A study of the adsorption of bacterial cells on porous materials[J]. Mocrobiology, 2004,73(6):696-701.
[43] Liang F, Gui-Tong L I, Lin Q M, et al. Crop Yield and Soil Properties in the First 3 Years After Biochar Application to a Calcareous Soil[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014,13(3):525-532.
[44] Da D, Min Y, Cheng W, et al. Responses of methane emissions and rice yield to applications of biochar and straw in a paddy field[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments, 2013,13(8):1450-1460.
[45] Tender C A D, Debode J, Vandecasteele B, et al. physicochemical and plant health responses in lettuce and strawberry in soil or peat amended with biochar[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2016,107:1-12.
[46] Xu H. A new index for delineating builta€up land features in satellite imagery[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2008,29(14):4269-4276.
[47]张斌,刘晓雨,潘根兴,等.施用生物质炭后稻田土壤性质、水稻产量和痕量温室气体排放的变化[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23)4844-4853.
[48] Liu J, Shen J, Yong L, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on the net greenhouse gas emission and greenhouse gas intensity in a Chinese double rice cropping system[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2014, 65:30-39.
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