低磷浓度下普通小球藻的生长及其叶绿素荧光特性研究
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摘要
磷(P)常被认为是水体富营养化的限制因子之一,对藻类生长及光合作用有很大的影响.以普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为实验对象,测定低磷浓度下小球藻的生物量、营养盐的吸收利用和光合效率的变化情况.结果表明:试验氮磷浓度范围(NO_3-N:1～8 mg/L;PO_4~3-P:0.2～1.0 mg/L),小球藻生物量受初始磷浓度的影响较大,P=0.4 mg/L时小球藻生长最好.在实验磷浓度范围内,初始供磷水平影响小球藻对外源氮的吸收利用,氮(N)的吸收量会随着初始供磷水平的提高而增大.在固定磷浓度条件下,提高氮浓度,小球藻叶绿体中PSⅡ反应中心的最大光合作用效率(F_v/F_m)均值也会随之增加,发生磷胁迫的F_v/F_m阈值为0.18～0.24.F_v/F_m值可综合表征小球藻的生长指标、氮和磷的吸收利用率并且研究营养盐胁迫下藻类的生长.
Phosphorus(P) is usually considered as one of the limiting factors of water eutrophication, and it has has a great influence on growth and photosynthesis of microalgae. During the experiment, Chlorella vulgaris was selected as the research object, the biomass growth, absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus and photosynthetic efficiency were measured at low phosphorus content. The results revealed that within the scope of NO_3-N: 1～8 mg/L and PO_4~3-P: 0.2～1.0 mg/L phosphorus was the main limiting factor to influence the growth of C. vulgaris. The optimal supply of phosphorus content for C. vulgaris growth was 0.4 mg·L~(-1 ).Within the range of experimental phosphorus content, absorption of exogenous nitrogen(N) increased with the increment of initial phosphorus content. When the phosphorus content was determined, the average value of F_v/F_m increased with increment of the nitrogen content, the threshold of F_v/F_m for phosphorus stress of C. vulgaris was 0.18～0.24. F_v/F_(m )had a significant correlation with biomass, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus, using F_v/F_(m )can synthetically characterize algae growth status and study on the growth of microalgae under nutrient stress.
Phosphorus(P) is usually considered as one of the limiting factors of water eutrophication, and it has has a great influence on growth and photosynthesis of microalgae. During the experiment, Chlorella vulgaris was selected as the research object, the biomass growth, absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus and photosynthetic efficiency were measured at low phosphorus content. The results revealed that within the scope of NO_3-N: 1～8 mg/L and PO_4~3-P: 0.2～1.0 mg/L phosphorus was the main limiting factor to influence the growth of C. vulgaris. The optimal supply of phosphorus content for C. vulgaris growth was 0.4 mg·L~(-1 ).Within the range of experimental phosphorus content, absorption of exogenous nitrogen(N) increased with the increment of initial phosphorus content. When the phosphorus content was determined, the average value of F_v/F_m increased with increment of the nitrogen content, the threshold of F_v/F_m for phosphorus stress of C. vulgaris was 0.18～0.24. F_v/F_(m )had a significant correlation with biomass, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus, using F_v/F_(m )can synthetically characterize algae growth status and study on the growth of microalgae under nutrient stress.
引文
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[14] 赵学敏, 毕永红, 胡征宇. 不同培养基对发菜细胞生长和光合活性的影响[J]. 武汉植物学研究, 2005(4): 332-336.ZHAO Xuemin, BI Yonghong, HU Zhengyu, et al. Effects of different medium on the growth and photosynthetic activity of Nostoc flag ellif orme[J]. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 2005(4): 332-336.
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[16] 包贤艳. 紫外分光光度法测定饮用水中硝酸盐氮[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2011, 21(5): 1125-1126. BAO Xianyan, et al. Determination of nitrate nitrogen in drinking water by ultraviolet spectrophotometry [J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2011, 21(5): 1125-1126.
[17] 国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002: 248-250.The State Environmental Protection Administration. Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis method[M]. 4th ed. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2002: 248-250.
[18] 段晓琼, 唐秋菊, 褚胜利,等. 利用Imaging-PAM研究莱茵衣藻对环境变化的响应[J]. 植物生理学报, 2010, 46(3): 263-267.DUAN Xiaoqiong, TANG Qiuju, CHU Shengli,et al. Research of physiological responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to environmental changes utilizing Imaging-PAM[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 2010, 46(3): 263-267.
[19] 杨坤, 卢文轩, 李静. 小球藻磷吸收的初步研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2016, 16(5): 216-220.YANG Kun,LU Wenxuan,LI Jing, et al. Preliminary study on the phosphorus absorption of Chlorella vulgaris [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2016, 16(5): 216-220.
[20] RITCHIE R J, DONELLE A T, LARKUM A W D. Phosphate limited cultures of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus are capable of very rapid, opportunistic uptake of phosphate[J]. New Phytologist, 2001, 152(2): 189-201.
[21] 张亚丽, 李涵, 许秋瑾, 等. 不同形态氮对微囊藻叶绿素a合成及产毒的影响[J]. 湖泊科学, 2011, 23(6): 881-887.ZHANG Yali, LI Han, XU Qiujin, et al. Effects of different forms of nitrogen on chlorophyll-a and microcystin production of Microcystis sp[J]. Lake Sci., 2011, 23(6): 881-887.
[22] 金月梅. 氮磷限制对8株微藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2008.JIN Yuemei. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on the chlorophyll fluorescence and growth of eight microalgae strains[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2008.
[2] 段宇, 田永强, 莫钰, 等. 厦门周边水库浮游植物碱性磷酸酶活性研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2011, 34(S2): 20-24.DUAN Yu, TIAN Yongqiang, MO Yu, et al. A preliminary study of alkaline phosphatase activity of phytoplankton in freshwater lakes around Xiamen [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 34(S2): 20-24.
[3] 潘晓华, 石庆华, 郭进耀, 等. 无机磷对植物叶片光合作用的影响及其机理的研究进展[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 1997, 3(3): 201-208.PAN Xiaohua, SHI Qinghua, GUO Jinyao, et al. Advance in the study of effects of inorganic phosphate on plant leaf photosynthesis and its mechanism[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 1997, 3(3): 201-208.
[4] PLESNICAR M, KASTORI R, PETROVI, et al. Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) leaves as affected by phosphorus nutrition[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1994, 45(7): 919-924.
[5] BEARDALL J, BERMAN T, HERAUD P, et al. A comparison of methods for detection of phosphate limitation in microalgae[J]. Aquatic Science, 2001, 63(1): 107-121.
[6] 宋丽娜, 郑晓宇, 顾詠洁,等. 磷浓度对海洋小球藻叶绿素荧光及生长的影响[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2010, 32(8): 20-24.SONG Lina , ZHENG Xiaoyu, GU Yongjie, et al. Effect of P concentrations on chlorophyll fluorescence and growth of Chlorella sp.[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2010, 32(8): 20-24.
[7] 张守仁. 叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J]. 植物学通报, 1999, 16(4): 444-448.ZHANG Shouren. A discussion on chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters and their significance [J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 1999, 16(4): 444-448.
[8] LI L, YANG H, REN W, et al. Physiological and biochemical characterization of sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis) reveals insights into photosynthetic apparatus coping with low-phosphate stress conditions[J]. Journal of Plant Biology, 2016, 59(4): 336-346.
[9] 陈贻竹, 李晓萍, 夏丽,等. 叶绿素荧光技术在植物环境胁迫研究中的应用[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 1995, 3(4): 79-86.CHEN Yizhu, LI Xiaoping, XIA Li, et al. The application of chlorophyll fluorescence technique in the study of responses of plants to environmental stresses[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 1995, 3(4): 79-86.
[10] CONSALVEY M, PERKINS R G, PATERSON D M, et al. Pam fluorescence: a beginners guide for benthic diatomists[J]. Diatom Research, 2005, 20(1): 1-22.
[11] KOLBER Z, ZEHR J, FALKOWSKI P G. Effects of growth irradiance and nitrogen limitation on photosynthesis energy conversion in photosystem II[J]. Plant Physiol, 1988, 88(3): 72-79.
[12] JOHNSON P T J, CHASE J M. Parasites in the food web: linking amphibian malformations and aquatic eutrophication[J]. Ecology Letters, 2004, 7(7): 521-526.
[13] 易文利, 金相灿, 储昭升, 等. 不同质量浓度的磷对铜绿微囊藻生长及细胞内磷的影响[J]. 环境科学研究, 2004(S1): 58-61.YI Wenli, JIN Xiangcan, CHU Zhaosheng, et al. Effect of different P mass concentrations on growth and P-in-cell of Microcystis aeruginosa[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2004(S1): 58-61.
[14] 赵学敏, 毕永红, 胡征宇. 不同培养基对发菜细胞生长和光合活性的影响[J]. 武汉植物学研究, 2005(4): 332-336.ZHAO Xuemin, BI Yonghong, HU Zhengyu, et al. Effects of different medium on the growth and photosynthetic activity of Nostoc flag ellif orme[J]. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 2005(4): 332-336.
[15] LICHTENTHALER H K, BUSCHMANN C. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: measurement and characterization by uv-vis spectroscopy[M]// Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001: 1230-1230.
[16] 包贤艳. 紫外分光光度法测定饮用水中硝酸盐氮[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2011, 21(5): 1125-1126. BAO Xianyan, et al. Determination of nitrate nitrogen in drinking water by ultraviolet spectrophotometry [J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2011, 21(5): 1125-1126.
[17] 国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002: 248-250.The State Environmental Protection Administration. Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis method[M]. 4th ed. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2002: 248-250.
[18] 段晓琼, 唐秋菊, 褚胜利,等. 利用Imaging-PAM研究莱茵衣藻对环境变化的响应[J]. 植物生理学报, 2010, 46(3): 263-267.DUAN Xiaoqiong, TANG Qiuju, CHU Shengli,et al. Research of physiological responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to environmental changes utilizing Imaging-PAM[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 2010, 46(3): 263-267.
[19] 杨坤, 卢文轩, 李静. 小球藻磷吸收的初步研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2016, 16(5): 216-220.YANG Kun,LU Wenxuan,LI Jing, et al. Preliminary study on the phosphorus absorption of Chlorella vulgaris [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2016, 16(5): 216-220.
[20] RITCHIE R J, DONELLE A T, LARKUM A W D. Phosphate limited cultures of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus are capable of very rapid, opportunistic uptake of phosphate[J]. New Phytologist, 2001, 152(2): 189-201.
[21] 张亚丽, 李涵, 许秋瑾, 等. 不同形态氮对微囊藻叶绿素a合成及产毒的影响[J]. 湖泊科学, 2011, 23(6): 881-887.ZHANG Yali, LI Han, XU Qiujin, et al. Effects of different forms of nitrogen on chlorophyll-a and microcystin production of Microcystis sp[J]. Lake Sci., 2011, 23(6): 881-887.
[22] 金月梅. 氮磷限制对8株微藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2008.JIN Yuemei. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on the chlorophyll fluorescence and growth of eight microalgae strains[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2008.
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