生物农药随水滴施防治棉花黄萎病用量筛选研究
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摘要
【目的】生物药剂随水滴施是新疆棉田病害尤其是土传病害防治的重要途径,本文旨在明确不同种类生防菌剂防治棉花黄萎病适宜的滴施用量。【方法】于2016-2017年设置裂区试验,采用生物统计学方法,研究对比了5种生物药剂不同的施药量(枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂15、30、45 kg·hm~(-2),"施倍健"哈茨木霉菌剂15、18、24 kg·hm~(-2),渝峰"99植保"15、22.5、30 kg·hm~(-2),中农绿康30、45、60 kg·hm~(-2),辣根素45、60、75 kg·hm~(-2))对棉花防病效果、生长发育及产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】5种药剂棉花黄萎病发病率和病情指数显著降低,平均防效达到33.50%～74.94%,木霉菌剂施药量18 kg·hm~(-2)防效高于15、24 kg·hm~(-2)处理,辣根素各施药量之间防效差异不明显,其余药剂处理防效与施药量显著正相关。不同处理对棉花生长具有一定的促进作用,平均株高、倒四叶宽、单株果枝数和结铃数均有不同幅度的增加,施药量之间棉花株高、倒四叶宽差异不显著,结铃数随施药量的增加而增加。同时,这几种药剂均可显著提前棉花的熟性。除辣根素外,其余药剂处理籽棉产量均有不同程度的提高,且随着施药量的增加显著增加。各施药处理棉花纤维长度和断裂比强度略有增加,但对棉花品质的改善效果并不显著。【结论】综合棉花的防病效果、生长及产量表现,本试验中生物药剂合适的滴施用量建议渝峰"99植保"30 kg·hm~(-2)、中农绿康60 kg·hm~(-2)、枯草芽孢杆菌可湿粉剂45.0 kg·hm~(-2)、"施倍健"哈茨木霉菌剂18.0 kg·hm~(-2),辣根素滴施用量还需进一步研究明确。
【Objective】Biopesticides application through drip irrigation systems is an important green pathway to prevent diseases in Xinjiang cotton fields, especially soil-spread diseases. The present paper was conducted to clear the suitable dosage of different biological agents to control cotton Verticillium wilt. 【Method】The field split plot experiment was designed to research the effects of Bacillus subtilis agent(15, 30 and 45 kg·hm~(-2)), Trichoderma humatum agent(15, 18 and 24 kg·hm~(-2)), Yufeng ‘99' agent(15, 22.5 and 30 kg·hm~(-2)), Zhongnonglvkang agent(30, 45 and 60 kg·hm~(-2)) and horseradish agent(45, 60 and 75 kg·hm~(-2)) on the prevention of cotton Vertillium wilt during 2016 and 2017. The control effect of Verticillium wilt, cotton growth, cotton yield and fiber quality were compared and analyzed by biometrical method.【Result】The five biological agents application could significantly reduce incidence and disease index of the cotton Verticillium wilt, and the average control effect reached 33.50 %-74.94 %. When the application amount of Trichoderma humatum agent was 18 kg·hm~(-2), the control effect was significantly higher than 15 and 24 kg·hm~(-2). There was no significant difference between different application amounts in horseradish agent treatment. The control effect had significantly positive correlation with application amount in other three agents treatments. There were obvious promotion effects on cotton growth when five biological agents were applied. The cotton height, width of inverse fourth leaf, branch number and boll number were increased in different levels under different agents application. The cotton height and width of inverse fourth leaf had no obvious changes and the number of branch and boll were increased with the application amount increasing. Meanwhile, these biological agents could significantly advance the maturity of cotton. The cotton seed yield showed an increasing trend and was increased significantly with the application amount except horseradish agent. The cotton fiber length and fiber breaking tenacity were improved slightly but the improvement effect was not significant in each agent application treatment.【Conclusion】Therefore, according to cotton disease control effect, cotton growth and yield performance, the proper application amount was suggested to be 30 kg·hm~(-2 )(Yufeng‘99'agent), 60 kg·hm~(-2 )(Zhongnonglvkang agent), 45 kg·hm~(-2)(Bacillus subtilis agent) and 18 kg·hm~(-2)(Trichoderma humatum agent), and the dosage of horseradish agent needs to be further studied.
【Objective】Biopesticides application through drip irrigation systems is an important green pathway to prevent diseases in Xinjiang cotton fields, especially soil-spread diseases. The present paper was conducted to clear the suitable dosage of different biological agents to control cotton Verticillium wilt. 【Method】The field split plot experiment was designed to research the effects of Bacillus subtilis agent(15, 30 and 45 kg·hm~(-2)), Trichoderma humatum agent(15, 18 and 24 kg·hm~(-2)), Yufeng ‘99' agent(15, 22.5 and 30 kg·hm~(-2)), Zhongnonglvkang agent(30, 45 and 60 kg·hm~(-2)) and horseradish agent(45, 60 and 75 kg·hm~(-2)) on the prevention of cotton Vertillium wilt during 2016 and 2017. The control effect of Verticillium wilt, cotton growth, cotton yield and fiber quality were compared and analyzed by biometrical method.【Result】The five biological agents application could significantly reduce incidence and disease index of the cotton Verticillium wilt, and the average control effect reached 33.50 %-74.94 %. When the application amount of Trichoderma humatum agent was 18 kg·hm~(-2), the control effect was significantly higher than 15 and 24 kg·hm~(-2). There was no significant difference between different application amounts in horseradish agent treatment. The control effect had significantly positive correlation with application amount in other three agents treatments. There were obvious promotion effects on cotton growth when five biological agents were applied. The cotton height, width of inverse fourth leaf, branch number and boll number were increased in different levels under different agents application. The cotton height and width of inverse fourth leaf had no obvious changes and the number of branch and boll were increased with the application amount increasing. Meanwhile, these biological agents could significantly advance the maturity of cotton. The cotton seed yield showed an increasing trend and was increased significantly with the application amount except horseradish agent. The cotton fiber length and fiber breaking tenacity were improved slightly but the improvement effect was not significant in each agent application treatment.【Conclusion】Therefore, according to cotton disease control effect, cotton growth and yield performance, the proper application amount was suggested to be 30 kg·hm~(-2 )(Yufeng‘99'agent), 60 kg·hm~(-2 )(Zhongnonglvkang agent), 45 kg·hm~(-2)(Bacillus subtilis agent) and 18 kg·hm~(-2)(Trichoderma humatum agent), and the dosage of horseradish agent needs to be further studied.
引文
[1]毛树春,李亚兵,冯璐,等.新疆棉花生产问题研究[J].农业展望,2014(11):43-51.
[2]王晓伟,岳丕昌,丁建国,等.新疆棉花生产的比较优势分析[J].中国棉花,2012,39(6):4-6.
[3]胡元雄.关于目前新疆棉花生产若干问题的探究[J].新疆农业科技,2017(5):40-42.
[4]王兰,冯宏祖,龚明福,等.覆膜滴灌棉田不同耕作措施对棉花黄萎病的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(5):36-41.
[5]简桂良,邹亚飞,马存.棉花黄萎病连年流行原因及对策[J].中国棉花,2003,30(3):13-14.
[6]刘海洋,王伟,张仁福,等.新疆棉花黄萎病发生调查及病原菌系统进化分析[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(1):65-71.
[7]Schnathorst W C.Verticillium wilt[M].American Phytopathological Society Press,1981(7):41-44.
[8]Huang J L,Li H L,Yuan H X.Effect of organic amendments on Verticillium wilt of cotton[J].Crop Protection,2006,25(11):1167-1173.
[9]马宗斌,严根土,刘桂珍,等.棉花黄萎病防治技术研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(2):12-17.
[10]刘洋,朱天辉,郑磊,等.一株内生拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及其抗菌机理研究[J].植物保护,2016,42(1):33-39.
[11]来娜娜,朱文豪,刘政,等.新疆棉花黄萎病拮抗放线菌的分离与筛选[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(1):119-121.
[12]梁宏,黄静,赵佳,等.生物防治棉花黄萎病的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2015,31(5):1-6.
[13]Zhu H Q,Feng Z L,Li Z F,et al.Characterization of two fungal isolates from cotton and evaluation of their potential for biocontrol of verticillium wilt of cotton[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2013,161(2):70-77.
[14]陈文霞,马慧宁,肖林清,等.棉花黄萎病菌拮抗细菌的分离、筛选及鉴定[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(6):193-196.
[15]郑庆伟.目前登记防治棉花黄萎病的农药产品[J].农药市场信息,2017(18):37.
[16]刘政,孙艳,张学坤,等.木霉菌厚垣孢子制剂对土壤微生物数量和棉花黄萎病的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(1):97-101.
[17]罗静静,刘小龙,李克梅,等.几种微生物菌剂对连作棉田枯黄萎病的防病效应[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(7):136-143.
[18]娄善伟,王大光,张鹏忠,等.枯草芽孢杆菌随水滴施防治棉花黄萎病的应用研究[J].中国棉花,2015,42(7):25-28.
[19]罗燕娜,杜娟,李俊华,等.滴灌条件下枯草芽胞杆菌S37和S44对棉花黄萎病的防治效果[J].植物保护,2011,37(2):174-176,181.
[20]Wang X,Zhu H,Reding M E,et al.Delivery of Chemical and Microbial Pesticides through drip Irrigation Systems[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2009,25(6):231-236.
[21]沈其益.棉花病害基础研究与防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[22]朱秀良,乌松康,黄颂禹,等.棉花倒四叶宽度变化规律及诊断指标[J].棉花学报,1995,7(1):46-51.
[23]李志军,王海东,张富仓,等.新疆滴灌施肥棉花生长和产量的水肥耦合效应[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(12):1069-1077.
[24]Angelpoulou D J,Naska E J,Paplomatas E J.Biological control agents (BCAs) of Verticillium wilt:influence of application rates and delivery method on plant protection,triggering of host defence mechanisms and rhizosphere populations of BCAs[J].Plant Pathology,2014,63:1062-1069.
[25]潘云平,李作京,黄艳萍.生物农药防治棉花黄萎病试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2008(11):121-123.
[26]Li C H,Shi L,Han Q.Biocontrol of Verticillium wilt and colonization of cotton plants by an endophytic bacterial isolate[J].Applied Microbiology,2012,113:641-651.
[27]Gencsoylu I,Horowitz A R,Sezgin F.Effect of drip and furrow irrigation methods on bemisia tabaci populations in cotton fields[J].Phytoparasitica,2003,31(2):139-143.
[28]张栋海,蔡志平,李克福,等.滴施枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对棉花的防病效果[J].新疆农垦科技,2012(2):20-21.
[29]吕新芝.“99植保”防治棉花黄萎病试验[J].农村科技,2015(7):40-41.
[30]徐瑞富,陆宁海,李小丽,等.土壤微生物群落对棉花黄萎病的影响[J].棉花学报,2004,16(6):357-359.
[31]张慧,杨兴明,冉炜,等.土传棉花黄萎病拮抗菌的筛选及其生物效应[J].土壤学报,2008,45(6):1096-1101.
[32]程凯,江欢欢,沈标,等.棉花黄萎病拮抗菌的筛选及其生物防治效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):166-174.
[2]王晓伟,岳丕昌,丁建国,等.新疆棉花生产的比较优势分析[J].中国棉花,2012,39(6):4-6.
[3]胡元雄.关于目前新疆棉花生产若干问题的探究[J].新疆农业科技,2017(5):40-42.
[4]王兰,冯宏祖,龚明福,等.覆膜滴灌棉田不同耕作措施对棉花黄萎病的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(5):36-41.
[5]简桂良,邹亚飞,马存.棉花黄萎病连年流行原因及对策[J].中国棉花,2003,30(3):13-14.
[6]刘海洋,王伟,张仁福,等.新疆棉花黄萎病发生调查及病原菌系统进化分析[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(1):65-71.
[7]Schnathorst W C.Verticillium wilt[M].American Phytopathological Society Press,1981(7):41-44.
[8]Huang J L,Li H L,Yuan H X.Effect of organic amendments on Verticillium wilt of cotton[J].Crop Protection,2006,25(11):1167-1173.
[9]马宗斌,严根土,刘桂珍,等.棉花黄萎病防治技术研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(2):12-17.
[10]刘洋,朱天辉,郑磊,等.一株内生拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及其抗菌机理研究[J].植物保护,2016,42(1):33-39.
[11]来娜娜,朱文豪,刘政,等.新疆棉花黄萎病拮抗放线菌的分离与筛选[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(1):119-121.
[12]梁宏,黄静,赵佳,等.生物防治棉花黄萎病的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2015,31(5):1-6.
[13]Zhu H Q,Feng Z L,Li Z F,et al.Characterization of two fungal isolates from cotton and evaluation of their potential for biocontrol of verticillium wilt of cotton[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2013,161(2):70-77.
[14]陈文霞,马慧宁,肖林清,等.棉花黄萎病菌拮抗细菌的分离、筛选及鉴定[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(6):193-196.
[15]郑庆伟.目前登记防治棉花黄萎病的农药产品[J].农药市场信息,2017(18):37.
[16]刘政,孙艳,张学坤,等.木霉菌厚垣孢子制剂对土壤微生物数量和棉花黄萎病的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(1):97-101.
[17]罗静静,刘小龙,李克梅,等.几种微生物菌剂对连作棉田枯黄萎病的防病效应[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(7):136-143.
[18]娄善伟,王大光,张鹏忠,等.枯草芽孢杆菌随水滴施防治棉花黄萎病的应用研究[J].中国棉花,2015,42(7):25-28.
[19]罗燕娜,杜娟,李俊华,等.滴灌条件下枯草芽胞杆菌S37和S44对棉花黄萎病的防治效果[J].植物保护,2011,37(2):174-176,181.
[20]Wang X,Zhu H,Reding M E,et al.Delivery of Chemical and Microbial Pesticides through drip Irrigation Systems[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2009,25(6):231-236.
[21]沈其益.棉花病害基础研究与防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[22]朱秀良,乌松康,黄颂禹,等.棉花倒四叶宽度变化规律及诊断指标[J].棉花学报,1995,7(1):46-51.
[23]李志军,王海东,张富仓,等.新疆滴灌施肥棉花生长和产量的水肥耦合效应[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(12):1069-1077.
[24]Angelpoulou D J,Naska E J,Paplomatas E J.Biological control agents (BCAs) of Verticillium wilt:influence of application rates and delivery method on plant protection,triggering of host defence mechanisms and rhizosphere populations of BCAs[J].Plant Pathology,2014,63:1062-1069.
[25]潘云平,李作京,黄艳萍.生物农药防治棉花黄萎病试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2008(11):121-123.
[26]Li C H,Shi L,Han Q.Biocontrol of Verticillium wilt and colonization of cotton plants by an endophytic bacterial isolate[J].Applied Microbiology,2012,113:641-651.
[27]Gencsoylu I,Horowitz A R,Sezgin F.Effect of drip and furrow irrigation methods on bemisia tabaci populations in cotton fields[J].Phytoparasitica,2003,31(2):139-143.
[28]张栋海,蔡志平,李克福,等.滴施枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对棉花的防病效果[J].新疆农垦科技,2012(2):20-21.
[29]吕新芝.“99植保”防治棉花黄萎病试验[J].农村科技,2015(7):40-41.
[30]徐瑞富,陆宁海,李小丽,等.土壤微生物群落对棉花黄萎病的影响[J].棉花学报,2004,16(6):357-359.
[31]张慧,杨兴明,冉炜,等.土传棉花黄萎病拮抗菌的筛选及其生物效应[J].土壤学报,2008,45(6):1096-1101.
[32]程凯,江欢欢,沈标,等.棉花黄萎病拮抗菌的筛选及其生物防治效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):166-174.
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