间伐强度对兴安落叶松林林下植被多样性及生物量的影响
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摘要
研究了间伐强度对兴安落叶松林林下植物多样性和生物量的影响,为确定兴安落叶松林分的最佳采伐强度提供理论依据。以兴安落叶松林为研究对象,设置4种间伐强度(10%、20%、30%、40%)和对照的试验固定样地,对间伐5 a后各样地林下灌草多样性和生物量进行调查分析。结果表明:1)抚育间伐可以明显提高林下植物种类、Menhinick丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数,各层均以40%间伐强度最大,而生态优势度指数则呈递减趋势(P <0.05);2)适当加大间伐强度对林分林下植被层和枯落物层生物量具有促进作用,均以间伐强度30%为优(P <0.05);3)综上所述,在30%～40%的间伐强度下,兴安落叶松林林下植被多样性和生物量最高,林分质量最佳。
The effects of thinning intensity on plant diversity and biomass under Larix gmelinii forest were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for determining the optimum cutting intensity of L.gmelinii forest. Taking the L.gmelinii forest as object, four thinning intensities(10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) and control plots were set up to investigate the shrub and grass diversity and biomass of different plots after 5 years of thinning. The results show that: 1) Thinning obviously increased the species of under-story plants, Menhinick richness index, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index, the thinning intensity values of each undergrowth vegetation layers all reached the highest when with 40% thinning layers, while the ecological dominance index showed a decreasing trend(P <0.05). 2) Appropriate increase of thinning intensity promoted the biomass growth of plant layer and litter layer under forest, and 30%thinning intensity was the best(P < 0.05). 3) In conclusion, under 30%-40% thinning intensity, the undergrowth vegetation diversity and biomass of L. gmelinii forest were the highest, and the stand quality was the best.
The effects of thinning intensity on plant diversity and biomass under Larix gmelinii forest were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for determining the optimum cutting intensity of L.gmelinii forest. Taking the L.gmelinii forest as object, four thinning intensities(10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) and control plots were set up to investigate the shrub and grass diversity and biomass of different plots after 5 years of thinning. The results show that: 1) Thinning obviously increased the species of under-story plants, Menhinick richness index, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index, the thinning intensity values of each undergrowth vegetation layers all reached the highest when with 40% thinning layers, while the ecological dominance index showed a decreasing trend(P <0.05). 2) Appropriate increase of thinning intensity promoted the biomass growth of plant layer and litter layer under forest, and 30%thinning intensity was the best(P < 0.05). 3) In conclusion, under 30%-40% thinning intensity, the undergrowth vegetation diversity and biomass of L. gmelinii forest were the highest, and the stand quality was the best.
引文
[1]段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.抚育间伐对侧柏人工林及林下植被生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1431-1441.
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[18]ZACHARA T.The influence of selective thinning on the social structure of the young scots pine stand[J].Prace Instytutu Badawczego Lesnictwa Seria A,2000(3):35-61.
[19]田国恒.不同间伐抚育强度对华北落叶松人工林林下凋落物的影响研究[J].山东林业科技技,2014,44(3):70-72.
[20]肖文娅,刁娇娇,费菲,等.不同强度间伐对杉木人工林凋落物分解速率的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(8):1291-1299.
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[22]李春义,马履一,王希群,等.抚育间伐对北京山区侧柏人工林林下植物多样性的短期影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):60-66.
[23]季荣飞,周世兴,黄从德,等.间伐强度对柏木低效人工林灌草多样性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(5):68-74.
[24]刘士玲,郑金萍,范春楠,等.我国森林生态系统枯落物现存量研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):66-71.
[25]熊有强,盛炜彤,曾满生.不同间伐强度杉木林下植被发育及生物量研究[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(4):408-413.
[26]赵朝辉,方晰,田大伦,等.间伐对杉木林林下地被物生物量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(5):102-107.
[2]PARROTTA J A,FRANCIS J K,KNOWLES O H.Harvesting intensity affect forest structure and composition in an upland Amazonian forest[J].Forest Ecology Manage,2002,169(3):243-255.
[3]AUBERT M,ALARD D,BUREAU F.Diversity of plant assemblages inmanaged temperate forests:a case study in Normandy(France)[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,175:321-337.
[4]ARES A,NEILL A R,PUETTMANN K J.Understory abundance,species diversity and functional attribute response to thinning inconiferous stands[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2010,260(7):1104-1113.
[5]张鼎华,叶章发,范必有,等.抚育间伐对人工林土壤肥力的影响[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(5):672-676.
[6]李春义,马履一,徐昕.抚育间伐对森林生物多样性影响研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2006,19(6):27-32.
[7]柏广新,张命军.不同抚育间伐强度对长白山硬阔叶林林下植物多样性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(12):27-29.
[8]高明,朱玉杰,董希斌,等.采伐强度对大兴安岭用材林生物多样性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(8):18-21.
[9]龚固堂,牛牧,慕长龙,等.间伐强度对柏木人工林生长及林下植物的影响[J].林业科学,2015,51(4):8-15.
[10]张晓辉,周建云,何景峰,等.黄龙山林区主要森林群落下物种多样性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(4):39-44.
[11]于立忠,朱教君,孔祥文,等.人为干扰(间伐)对红松人工林林下植被多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3757-3764.
[12]王祖华,李瑞霞,王晓杰,等.间伐对杉木人工林林下植被多样性及生物量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(12):2778-2782.
[13]秦燕燕,蒋斌,曹秀文,等.间伐强度对白龙江林区云杉人工林下植物多样性及其更新的影响[J].草业科学,2014,31(4):599-606.
[14]李瑞霞,闵建刚,彭婷婷,等.间伐对马尾松人工林植被物种多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(3):61-68.
[15]胡万良,谭学仁,张放,等.抚育间伐对红松人工林生物量的影响[J].辽宁林业技,1999(2):21-24+57.
[16]徐扬,刘勇,李国雷,等.间伐强度对油松中龄人工林林下植被多样性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(3):135-138.
[17]BALDWIN V C,PETERSON K D.The effect of spacing and thinning on stand and tree characteristic of 38 year old loblolly pine[J].Forest E-cology and Management,2000,137(3):91-102.
[18]ZACHARA T.The influence of selective thinning on the social structure of the young scots pine stand[J].Prace Instytutu Badawczego Lesnictwa Seria A,2000(3):35-61.
[19]田国恒.不同间伐抚育强度对华北落叶松人工林林下凋落物的影响研究[J].山东林业科技技,2014,44(3):70-72.
[20]肖文娅,刁娇娇,费菲,等.不同强度间伐对杉木人工林凋落物分解速率的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(8):1291-1299.
[21]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法[C]//中国科学院生物多样性委员会.生物多样性研究的原理与方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994:141-165.
[22]李春义,马履一,王希群,等.抚育间伐对北京山区侧柏人工林林下植物多样性的短期影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):60-66.
[23]季荣飞,周世兴,黄从德,等.间伐强度对柏木低效人工林灌草多样性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(5):68-74.
[24]刘士玲,郑金萍,范春楠,等.我国森林生态系统枯落物现存量研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):66-71.
[25]熊有强,盛炜彤,曾满生.不同间伐强度杉木林下植被发育及生物量研究[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(4):408-413.
[26]赵朝辉,方晰,田大伦,等.间伐对杉木林林下地被物生物量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(5):102-107.
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