塘生态系统结构与功能的研究进展
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摘要
塘是陆地上常见的一类极小型静水水体,具有面积小、水体浅、数量多、分布广等特点,是陆域淡水生态系统重要组成部分。由于空间上不易识别,其在生态系统中的功能往往被忽视。本研究对塘系统的国内外研究进展进行综述,明确了塘的基本概念,论述了塘系统的非生物要素、生物要素及环境关系,基于塘生态功能的探讨,提出:(1)塘系统物质循环率高,常利用氧化塘净化水体,在全球陆地系统碳、氮循环中具有潜在作用;(2)塘群系统是重要的生物生境,在维持区域生物多样性方面具有重要意义,种-面积关系、生境异质性以及相邻生态系统特点被认为是塘生态系统中生物多样性的主要驱动因素;(3)作为地表洼地系统,塘具有水源涵养与水土保持功能,在雨水收集、泥沙拦截等方面发挥重要作用。基于此,本研究提出了未来研究需重视的3个方面:变化环境下的塘系统生物地球化学循环特征;生物多样性本底数据积累与维持机制;水源涵养与水土保持功能在生态修复工程中的应用。塘生态系统可作为应对未来环境变化的重要生态系统。
Pond is small hydrostatic water body commonly seen on land,with the characteristics of small area,shallow water body,large quantity and wide distribution. Pond is an important type of terrestrial freshwater ecosystem. However,the functions of ponds are often ignored due to the difficulty in spatial identification. Here,we reviewed the research progress of pond systems at home and abroad,clarified the basic concept related with pond,and discussed the abiotic factors,biological factors and environmental relations of pond systems. Based on the discussion of the ecological function of the pond,we propose that:( 1) The material circulation rate of the pond system is high,and the water body is often purified by oxidation pond,with consequences on carbon and nitrogen cycling in the global terrestrial system;( 2) Pond group system is an important habitat for sustaining regional biodiversity. Species-area relationship,habitat heterogeneity,and adjacent ecosystem characteristics are the main factors driving biodiversity in pond ecosystems;( 3) As a surface depression system,pond has the function of water and soil conservation,with remarkable effect on sediment and rainwater harvesting. We propose three aspects deserved more attention in the future research: biogeochemical cycle characteristics of pond system under changing environment; background data accumulation and maintenance mechanism of biodiversity,and the application of water and soil conservation in ecological restoration project.Pond ecosystem is an important ecosystem to respond to future environmental changes.
Pond is small hydrostatic water body commonly seen on land,with the characteristics of small area,shallow water body,large quantity and wide distribution. Pond is an important type of terrestrial freshwater ecosystem. However,the functions of ponds are often ignored due to the difficulty in spatial identification. Here,we reviewed the research progress of pond systems at home and abroad,clarified the basic concept related with pond,and discussed the abiotic factors,biological factors and environmental relations of pond systems. Based on the discussion of the ecological function of the pond,we propose that:( 1) The material circulation rate of the pond system is high,and the water body is often purified by oxidation pond,with consequences on carbon and nitrogen cycling in the global terrestrial system;( 2) Pond group system is an important habitat for sustaining regional biodiversity. Species-area relationship,habitat heterogeneity,and adjacent ecosystem characteristics are the main factors driving biodiversity in pond ecosystems;( 3) As a surface depression system,pond has the function of water and soil conservation,with remarkable effect on sediment and rainwater harvesting. We propose three aspects deserved more attention in the future research: biogeochemical cycle characteristics of pond system under changing environment; background data accumulation and maintenance mechanism of biodiversity,and the application of water and soil conservation in ecological restoration project.Pond ecosystem is an important ecosystem to respond to future environmental changes.
引文
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范立民,裘丽萍,吴伟,等.2012.养殖池塘底泥中一株脱氮菌的异常分离及鉴定.中国农学通报,28(29):152-156.
范立民,吴伟,胡庚东,等.2010.主成分分析法评价多级生物系统对集约化池塘修复效果研究.中国农学通报,26(23):392-396.
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江昼.2010.城市地面硬化弊端及其解决途径.城市问题,(11):48-51.
黎华寿,骆世明,聂呈荣.2005.广东顺德现代集约型基塘系统的构建与调控.生态学杂志,24(1):108-112.
林俊雄,李澄,曹万春,等.2017.海绵城市视角下的坑塘修复及山洪应对策略研究//中国城市规划学会.持续发展理性规划---2017中国城市规划年会论文集(01城市安全与防灾规划).北京:中国建筑工业出版社:1-9.
罗琳,舒廷飞,温琰茂.2002.水产养殖对近海生态环境的影响.水产科学,21(3):28-30.
罗国芝.2007.水产养殖规划环境影响评价研究(博士学位论文).上海:同济大学.
苗卫卫,江敏.2007.我国水产养殖对环境的影响及其可持续发展.农业环境科学学报,26(S1):319-323.
唐金忠,温明.2016.海绵城市中湿塘湿地与河道协同设计探讨.上海水务,32(4):9-13.
王晓锋,袁兴中,周李磊,等.2017.三峡水库消落带景观基塘系统对地表径流氮磷拦截效益---以重庆开州区汉丰湖为例.三峡生态环境监测,2(3):40-48.
吴伟,胡庚东,金兰仙,等.2008.浮床植物系统对池塘水体微生物的动态影响.中国环境科学,28(9):791-795.
谢谦,刘涓,魏朝富.2016.丘陵地区山坪塘特征及发展对策.农业工程,6(5):76-79.
徐宗学,程涛.2019.城市水管理与海绵城市建设之理论基础---城市水文学研究进展.水利学报,50(1):1-9.
杨平,金宝石,谭立山,等.2018.亚热带河口陆基养虾塘水体溶解性碳浓度及沉积物-水界面碳通量时空动态特征.生态学报,38(6):1994-2006.
俞孔坚,许涛,李迪华,等.2015.城市水系统弹性研究进展.城市规划学刊,(1):75-83.
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