东海海域典型赤潮水体反射光谱模拟研究
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摘要
东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)是我国东海海域的典型赤潮藻种,其在水体中通常呈垂直非均匀分布,并存在季节性和日内的垂直迁移现象。本文通过量化垂直迁移过程中东海原甲藻的分布状态,利用Hydrolight软件数值模拟各状态下的水体反射光谱,研究其光谱特征和变化规律。利用叶绿素浓度高斯垂向模型表征东海原甲藻在水体中的垂直分布,结合东海近岸海域二类水体的生物光学模型,模拟得到垂直迁移过程中东海原甲藻赤潮水体的反射光谱。对比分析叶绿素浓度垂向分布参数(背景叶绿素浓度、甲藻主体水层厚度、水体总生物量和叶绿素浓度峰值深度)对水体反射光谱的影响。研究结果表明,在东海原甲藻从次表层向表层垂直向上迁移过程中,水体反射光谱数值在蓝绿波段(400—570nm)减小,在黄红波段(570—720nm)增大,特别是在叶绿素荧光效应波段(680nm)处的变化尤为明显。
The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense is the main algal bloom species in the East China Sea, and it usually vertically distributes inhomogeneous, and migrates vertically. In this paper, using the vertical distribution of algal cell concentration obtained through field observations, Gaussian nonuniform vertical profile model of chlorophyll concentrations was established to represent for the different vertical migration stages of P. donghaiense. An ocean reflectance spectra model suitable for the optical complex waters was selected and applied to simulate each stage reflectance spectra of P. donghaiense by using Hydrolight 5.3 software. The effects of the parameters of the Gaussian model on the reflectance spectra of the dinoflagellate algal seawater were compared and analyzed. The results shows that during the vertical upward migration of the typical dinoflagellate alga, the remote sensing reflectance spectra decreased in the blue and green band(400—570 nm), and increased in the yellow and red band(570—720 nm), especially in the chlorophyll fluorescence effect band(680 nm).
The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense is the main algal bloom species in the East China Sea, and it usually vertically distributes inhomogeneous, and migrates vertically. In this paper, using the vertical distribution of algal cell concentration obtained through field observations, Gaussian nonuniform vertical profile model of chlorophyll concentrations was established to represent for the different vertical migration stages of P. donghaiense. An ocean reflectance spectra model suitable for the optical complex waters was selected and applied to simulate each stage reflectance spectra of P. donghaiense by using Hydrolight 5.3 software. The effects of the parameters of the Gaussian model on the reflectance spectra of the dinoflagellate algal seawater were compared and analyzed. The results shows that during the vertical upward migration of the typical dinoflagellate alga, the remote sensing reflectance spectra decreased in the blue and green band(400—570 nm), and increased in the yellow and red band(570—720 nm), especially in the chlorophyll fluorescence effect band(680 nm).
引文
马孟枭,张玉超,钱新等,2014.藻类垂向分布对内陆湖泊叶绿素a反演算法影响的模拟研究.红外与毫米波学报,33(6):666-673
王云飞,2009.东海赤潮监测卫星遥感方法研究.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文,88-89
王云飞,贺明霞,2010.东海赤潮多发区非均匀叶绿素浓度剖面对遥感反射比的影响.中国海洋大学学报,40(10):100-104
王金辉,2003.东海赤潮生物具齿原甲藻及其特征.浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),22(2):128-131
丘仲锋,唐军武,何宜军,2007.东海赤潮高发区水体光谱吸收特性分析.海洋科学集刊,(48):6-19
朱建华,周虹丽,李铜基等,2012.中国近海黄色物质吸收光谱特征分析.光学技术,38(3):295-299
刘炜,李铜基,朱建华等,2007.黄东海海区总悬浮物散射特性研究.海洋技术学报,26(2):42-46
齐雨藻,2003.中国沿海赤潮.北京:科学出版社
齐雨藻,黄长江,钟彦等,1997.甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻昼夜垂直迁移特性的研究.海洋与湖沼,28(5):458-467
何涛,2002.厦门筼筼湖赤潮发生的生态学研究.厦门:厦门大学硕士学位论文,29-30
宋庆君,唐军武,2006.黄海、东海海区水体散射特性研究.海洋学报,28(4):56-63
陈翰林,吕颂辉,张传松等,2006.2004年东海原甲藻赤潮爆发的现场调查和分析.生态科学,25(3):226-230
周名江,朱明远,2006.“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”研究进展.地球科学进展,21(7):673-679
周虹丽,朱建华,李铜基,2015.中国近海黄色物质吸收光谱经验斜率特征研究.热带海洋学报,34(1):23-29
夏平,陆斗定,朱德弟等,2007.浙江近岸海域赤潮发生的趋势与特点.海洋学研究,25(7):47-56
徐中伟,2010.垂直非均匀海洋的海洋光学特性.青岛:中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,45-46
郭皓,丁德文,林凤翱等,2015.近20a我国近海赤潮特点与发生规律.海洋科学进展,33(4):547-558
席颖,杜克平,张丽华等,2010.叶绿素浓度垂直不均一分布对于分层水体表观光学特性的影响.光谱学与光谱分析,30(2):489-494
戴鑫烽,陆斗定,夏平等,2014.2010-2011年东海藻华高发区水体层化对东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)藻华的影响.海洋与湖沼,45(2):217-224
Gordon H R,Clark D K,1980.Remote sensing optical properties of a stratified ocean:an improved interpretation.Applied Optics,19(20):3428-3430
He S,Lou X,et al,2017.Remote sensing reflectance simulation of coastal optical complex water in the East China Sea.Proc.SPIE 10607,MIPPR 2017:Multispectral Image Acquisition,Processing,and Analysis,106070U.
Kutser T,Metsamaa L,Dekker A G,2008.Influence of the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria in the water column on the remote sensing signal.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,78(4):649-654
Lewis M R,Cullen J J,Platt T,1983.Phytoplankton and thermal structure in the upper ocean:consequences of nonuniformity in chlorophyll profile.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,88(C4):2565-2570
Morel A,Smith R C.Relation between total quanta and total energy for aquatic photosynthesis.Limnology&Oceanography,1974,19(4):591-600
Platt T,Sathyendranath S,1988.Oceanic primary production:estimation by remote sensing at local and regional scales.Science,241(4873):1613-1619
Pope R M,Fry E S.Absorption spectrum(380-700 nm)of pure water.II.Integrating cavity measurements.Applied Optics,1997,36(33):8710-8723
Stramska M,Stramski D,2005.Effects of a nonuniform vertical profile of chlorophyll concentration on remote-sensing reflectance of the ocean.Applied Optics,44(9):1735-1747
Tao B Y,Pan D L,Mao Z H et al,2013.Optical detection of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms based on multispectral reflectance.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(10):48-56
Tao B Y,Mao Z H,Lei H et al,2015.A novel method for discriminating Prorocentrum donghaiense from diatom blooms in the East China Sea using MODIS measurements.Remote Sensing of Environment,158:267-280
Twardowski M S,Claustre H,Freeman S A et al,2007.Optical backscattering properties of the“clearest”natural waters,Biogeosciences,4(6):1041-1058
Wang J H,Wu J Y,2009.Occurrence and potential risks of harmful algal blooms in the East China Sea.Science of the Total Environment,407(13):4012-4021
王云飞,2009.东海赤潮监测卫星遥感方法研究.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文,88-89
王云飞,贺明霞,2010.东海赤潮多发区非均匀叶绿素浓度剖面对遥感反射比的影响.中国海洋大学学报,40(10):100-104
王金辉,2003.东海赤潮生物具齿原甲藻及其特征.浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),22(2):128-131
丘仲锋,唐军武,何宜军,2007.东海赤潮高发区水体光谱吸收特性分析.海洋科学集刊,(48):6-19
朱建华,周虹丽,李铜基等,2012.中国近海黄色物质吸收光谱特征分析.光学技术,38(3):295-299
刘炜,李铜基,朱建华等,2007.黄东海海区总悬浮物散射特性研究.海洋技术学报,26(2):42-46
齐雨藻,2003.中国沿海赤潮.北京:科学出版社
齐雨藻,黄长江,钟彦等,1997.甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻昼夜垂直迁移特性的研究.海洋与湖沼,28(5):458-467
何涛,2002.厦门筼筼湖赤潮发生的生态学研究.厦门:厦门大学硕士学位论文,29-30
宋庆君,唐军武,2006.黄海、东海海区水体散射特性研究.海洋学报,28(4):56-63
陈翰林,吕颂辉,张传松等,2006.2004年东海原甲藻赤潮爆发的现场调查和分析.生态科学,25(3):226-230
周名江,朱明远,2006.“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”研究进展.地球科学进展,21(7):673-679
周虹丽,朱建华,李铜基,2015.中国近海黄色物质吸收光谱经验斜率特征研究.热带海洋学报,34(1):23-29
夏平,陆斗定,朱德弟等,2007.浙江近岸海域赤潮发生的趋势与特点.海洋学研究,25(7):47-56
徐中伟,2010.垂直非均匀海洋的海洋光学特性.青岛:中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,45-46
郭皓,丁德文,林凤翱等,2015.近20a我国近海赤潮特点与发生规律.海洋科学进展,33(4):547-558
席颖,杜克平,张丽华等,2010.叶绿素浓度垂直不均一分布对于分层水体表观光学特性的影响.光谱学与光谱分析,30(2):489-494
戴鑫烽,陆斗定,夏平等,2014.2010-2011年东海藻华高发区水体层化对东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)藻华的影响.海洋与湖沼,45(2):217-224
Gordon H R,Clark D K,1980.Remote sensing optical properties of a stratified ocean:an improved interpretation.Applied Optics,19(20):3428-3430
He S,Lou X,et al,2017.Remote sensing reflectance simulation of coastal optical complex water in the East China Sea.Proc.SPIE 10607,MIPPR 2017:Multispectral Image Acquisition,Processing,and Analysis,106070U.
Kutser T,Metsamaa L,Dekker A G,2008.Influence of the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria in the water column on the remote sensing signal.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,78(4):649-654
Lewis M R,Cullen J J,Platt T,1983.Phytoplankton and thermal structure in the upper ocean:consequences of nonuniformity in chlorophyll profile.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,88(C4):2565-2570
Morel A,Smith R C.Relation between total quanta and total energy for aquatic photosynthesis.Limnology&Oceanography,1974,19(4):591-600
Platt T,Sathyendranath S,1988.Oceanic primary production:estimation by remote sensing at local and regional scales.Science,241(4873):1613-1619
Pope R M,Fry E S.Absorption spectrum(380-700 nm)of pure water.II.Integrating cavity measurements.Applied Optics,1997,36(33):8710-8723
Stramska M,Stramski D,2005.Effects of a nonuniform vertical profile of chlorophyll concentration on remote-sensing reflectance of the ocean.Applied Optics,44(9):1735-1747
Tao B Y,Pan D L,Mao Z H et al,2013.Optical detection of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms based on multispectral reflectance.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(10):48-56
Tao B Y,Mao Z H,Lei H et al,2015.A novel method for discriminating Prorocentrum donghaiense from diatom blooms in the East China Sea using MODIS measurements.Remote Sensing of Environment,158:267-280
Twardowski M S,Claustre H,Freeman S A et al,2007.Optical backscattering properties of the“clearest”natural waters,Biogeosciences,4(6):1041-1058
Wang J H,Wu J Y,2009.Occurrence and potential risks of harmful algal blooms in the East China Sea.Science of the Total Environment,407(13):4012-4021
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