青海湖南岸天然草场牧草生产力和养分季节动态
|
摘要
研究天然草场牧草产量及养分的季节动态,选择青海湖南岸的高寒草甸作为研究对象,于2015年的返青期(5月)、盛草期(8月)、枯黄期(10月)和枯草期(1月)分别采集地上生物样品,对可食牧草的产量以及养分质量分数进行分析测定.结果显示,天然草场返青期总产草量(风干重)平均52.21 g/m~2,盛草期154.66 g/m~2,枯黄期92.90 g/m~2,枯草期25.83 g/m~2,可食牧草分别占66%、76%、83%、100%;返青期牧草中w(粗蛋白)最高,显著高于其他时期; w(粗灰分)、w(水不溶灰分)、w(酸不溶灰分)均从返青期到枯草期逐渐递增,且不同时期差异显著; w(水溶性灰分)从返青期到枯草期递减(2.42%～0.59%);盛草期和枯黄期w(粗脂肪)远高于其他时期(P<0.05); w(中性洗涤纤维)、w(酸性洗涤纤维)和w(纤维素)随生育期延长逐渐增加.天然草场盛草期的营养输出高于其他时期,枯草期最低.研究区高寒草场可食牧草数量多,可食性好.枯草期与青草期相比,无论从量还是质上都处于一年中最低点.估算青海湖南岸高寒草甸适宜载畜量,即数量载畜量,为2.57羊单位/hm~2.
In order to explore the seasonal dynamics of yield and nutrient content of edible pasture in natural grazing grassland, selected alpine meadows on the south bank of the Qinghai Lake served as the object of study, and aboveground biomass was collected in January 2015(hay stage), May(regreening stage), August(growing stage) and October(wilt stage), and then the yield and nutrient contents of edible herbage were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the total yield(dry weight) of a natural grassland had an average of 52.21 g/m~2 in regreening stage, 154.66 g/m~2 in growing stage, 92.90 g/m~2 in wilt stage, and 25.83 g/m~2 in hay stage, and the edible forage percent was 66%, 76%, 83% and 100%,respectively. w(crude protein) in the regreening stage was the highest(P < 0.05), and w(crude ash),w(water-insoluble ash) and w(acid-insoluble ash) were increasing with the period of duration, and the difference between the periods was remarkable(P < 0.05), w(water-soluble ash) was decreasing from regreening to hay stage, w(fat) in the growing and wilt stage were higher than that in other periods(P < 0.05), w(neutral detergent fiber), w(acid detergent fiber) and w(cellulose) were increasing with the period of duration. The nutrient output of the natural grassland in the growing stage was higher than that of other periods, and it was the lowest in the hay stage. For its high per unit yield, the nutrient output of an artificial grassland was higher than that in a natural grassland. The amount of edible herbage was more in the researched alpine rangeland. Compared with the growing stage, the hay period was at the lowest level in a year in terms of quantity or quality. The estimation of the alpine meadow carrying capacity, i.e. the number of carrying capacity, was 2.57 sheep/hm~2.
In order to explore the seasonal dynamics of yield and nutrient content of edible pasture in natural grazing grassland, selected alpine meadows on the south bank of the Qinghai Lake served as the object of study, and aboveground biomass was collected in January 2015(hay stage), May(regreening stage), August(growing stage) and October(wilt stage), and then the yield and nutrient contents of edible herbage were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the total yield(dry weight) of a natural grassland had an average of 52.21 g/m~2 in regreening stage, 154.66 g/m~2 in growing stage, 92.90 g/m~2 in wilt stage, and 25.83 g/m~2 in hay stage, and the edible forage percent was 66%, 76%, 83% and 100%,respectively. w(crude protein) in the regreening stage was the highest(P < 0.05), and w(crude ash),w(water-insoluble ash) and w(acid-insoluble ash) were increasing with the period of duration, and the difference between the periods was remarkable(P < 0.05), w(water-soluble ash) was decreasing from regreening to hay stage, w(fat) in the growing and wilt stage were higher than that in other periods(P < 0.05), w(neutral detergent fiber), w(acid detergent fiber) and w(cellulose) were increasing with the period of duration. The nutrient output of the natural grassland in the growing stage was higher than that of other periods, and it was the lowest in the hay stage. For its high per unit yield, the nutrient output of an artificial grassland was higher than that in a natural grassland. The amount of edible herbage was more in the researched alpine rangeland. Compared with the growing stage, the hay period was at the lowest level in a year in terms of quantity or quality. The estimation of the alpine meadow carrying capacity, i.e. the number of carrying capacity, was 2.57 sheep/hm~2.
引文
[1]刘安榕,杨腾,徐炜,等.青藏高原高寒草地地下生物多样性:进展、问题与展望[J].生物多样性, 2018, 26(9):972-987.
[2]赵德.青海省共和县天然草地牧草产量结构特征分析[J].畜牧与饲料科学, 2017, 38(4):38-39.
[3]范小红,杨得玉,郝力壮,等.青海省海晏县牧场牧草营养品质全年动态[J].草业科学, 2017, 34(11):2359-2365.
[4]吴克顺,傅华,张学英,等.阿拉善荒漠草地8种牧草营养物质季节动态及营养均衡价评价[J].干旱区研究,2010, 27(2):257-262.
[5]梁建勇,焦婷,吴建平,等.不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究[J].草业学报, 2015,24(6):108-115.
[6]王学全,卢琦.生态足迹理论在青海省共和县荒漠化自然资本核算中的应用[J].林业科学, 2005, 41(3):12-18.
[7]周毛措.青海省共和县天然草地产草量地面监测报告[J].养殖与饲料, 2010(12):92-94.
[8]红敏.不同生长阶段天然牧草品质评定比较研究[J].饲料研究, 2012(12):79-81.
[9]张崇玉,王保哲,张桂国,等.饲料中的粗纤维、NDF、ADF和ADL含量的快速测定方法[J].山东畜牧兽医,2015, 36(9):20-22.
[10]中华人民共和国农业行业标准:NY/T 635-2015,天然草地合理载畜量的计算[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[11]郝力壮,刘书杰,吴克选,等.玛多县高山嵩草草地天然牧草营养评定与载畜量研究[J].中国草地学报,2011, 33(1):84-89.
[12]李自珍,杜国祯,惠苍,等.甘南高寒草地牧场管理的最优控制模型及可持续利用对策研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2002, 38(4):85-89.
[13]任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1988.
[14]曲艳.草地牧草的饲用价值评价[J].饲料博览, 2017(5):63.
[15]郝力壮,王万邦,王迅,等.三江源区嵩草草地枯草期牧草营养价值评定及载畜量研究[J].草地学报, 2013,21(1):57-64.
[16]韩小东,郝力壮,刘书杰.高寒草地天然牧草Ca、P含量及其分布规律[J].饲料工业, 2017, 38(21):62-64.
[2]赵德.青海省共和县天然草地牧草产量结构特征分析[J].畜牧与饲料科学, 2017, 38(4):38-39.
[3]范小红,杨得玉,郝力壮,等.青海省海晏县牧场牧草营养品质全年动态[J].草业科学, 2017, 34(11):2359-2365.
[4]吴克顺,傅华,张学英,等.阿拉善荒漠草地8种牧草营养物质季节动态及营养均衡价评价[J].干旱区研究,2010, 27(2):257-262.
[5]梁建勇,焦婷,吴建平,等.不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究[J].草业学报, 2015,24(6):108-115.
[6]王学全,卢琦.生态足迹理论在青海省共和县荒漠化自然资本核算中的应用[J].林业科学, 2005, 41(3):12-18.
[7]周毛措.青海省共和县天然草地产草量地面监测报告[J].养殖与饲料, 2010(12):92-94.
[8]红敏.不同生长阶段天然牧草品质评定比较研究[J].饲料研究, 2012(12):79-81.
[9]张崇玉,王保哲,张桂国,等.饲料中的粗纤维、NDF、ADF和ADL含量的快速测定方法[J].山东畜牧兽医,2015, 36(9):20-22.
[10]中华人民共和国农业行业标准:NY/T 635-2015,天然草地合理载畜量的计算[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[11]郝力壮,刘书杰,吴克选,等.玛多县高山嵩草草地天然牧草营养评定与载畜量研究[J].中国草地学报,2011, 33(1):84-89.
[12]李自珍,杜国祯,惠苍,等.甘南高寒草地牧场管理的最优控制模型及可持续利用对策研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2002, 38(4):85-89.
[13]任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1988.
[14]曲艳.草地牧草的饲用价值评价[J].饲料博览, 2017(5):63.
[15]郝力壮,王万邦,王迅,等.三江源区嵩草草地枯草期牧草营养价值评定及载畜量研究[J].草地学报, 2013,21(1):57-64.
[16]韩小东,郝力壮,刘书杰.高寒草地天然牧草Ca、P含量及其分布规律[J].饲料工业, 2017, 38(21):62-64.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |