江苏阜宁龙卷超级单体风暴的雷达资料分析
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摘要
2016年6月23下午,江苏阜宁发生罕见的冰雹、龙卷特大自然灾害,造成了巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。本文利用盐城SA新一代雷达资料分析此次过程的风暴特征,并与2018年5月12日邢台的冰雹大风天气过程进行简单对比。结果表明:阜宁龙卷发生于200 hPa高空急流出口区右侧,为500 hPa槽前强盛的西南暖湿气流控制,中层存在干冷空气,低层有明显的切变,环境场具有高对流有效位能(CAPE)、较强的垂直风切变(WSR)和较低的抬升凝结高度(LCL);阜宁龙卷产生前,风暴的最大反射率因子强度(Z_(max))、强回波中心高度(HT)、回波顶高(TOP)持续增加,垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)激增,龙卷发生前2个体扫,HT和VIL出现骤降;阜宁龙卷过程出现明显的三体散射现象,对大冰雹预警具有指示意义;阜宁龙卷风暴具有经典超级单体的钩状回波和强中气旋特征,并伴有TVS,是一例由庞大的超级单体风暴形成龙卷的特大灾害,相比于邢台冰雹大风过程,其旺盛阶段的风暴参数明显大于后者。
The great natural disaster of a rare hail, tornado occurred in Funing of Jiangsu Province on 23 June 2016. It caused huge economic losses and casualties. Based on the observed data from Doppler radar(SA) in Yancheng, this process was analyzed, and then compared with the strong convective weather in Xingtai on 12 May 2018.The results show that the Funing tornado occurred at the right side of the 200 hPa high-altitude jet stream exit. It was controlled by the strong southwest warm and wet airflow at the front of the 500 hPa trough. There were dry cold air in the middle layer and obvious shear in lower layer. Its environmental field had strong convective available potential energy(CAPE), vertical wind shear(WSR) and lower height of uplift condensation(LCL). Before the Funing tornado, the maximum reflectivity factor(Z_(max)), strong echo center height(HT), echo top height(TOP) continued to increase, the vertically integrated liquid water content(VIL) surged. In the 2 volume sweeps before the tornado, HT and VIL felled sharply. There was an obvious three-body scattering phenomenon in Funing tornado, which was an indication for early warning of hail. Funing tornado storm had the characteristics of hook echo and strong mesocyclone of classic super cell, accompanied by TVS. It was a huge disaster caused by huge super cell storm. Compared with the hail wind process in Xingtai, the storm parameters of Funing tornado at its vigorous stage were obviously larger than those of the latter.
The great natural disaster of a rare hail, tornado occurred in Funing of Jiangsu Province on 23 June 2016. It caused huge economic losses and casualties. Based on the observed data from Doppler radar(SA) in Yancheng, this process was analyzed, and then compared with the strong convective weather in Xingtai on 12 May 2018.The results show that the Funing tornado occurred at the right side of the 200 hPa high-altitude jet stream exit. It was controlled by the strong southwest warm and wet airflow at the front of the 500 hPa trough. There were dry cold air in the middle layer and obvious shear in lower layer. Its environmental field had strong convective available potential energy(CAPE), vertical wind shear(WSR) and lower height of uplift condensation(LCL). Before the Funing tornado, the maximum reflectivity factor(Z_(max)), strong echo center height(HT), echo top height(TOP) continued to increase, the vertically integrated liquid water content(VIL) surged. In the 2 volume sweeps before the tornado, HT and VIL felled sharply. There was an obvious three-body scattering phenomenon in Funing tornado, which was an indication for early warning of hail. Funing tornado storm had the characteristics of hook echo and strong mesocyclone of classic super cell, accompanied by TVS. It was a huge disaster caused by huge super cell storm. Compared with the hail wind process in Xingtai, the storm parameters of Funing tornado at its vigorous stage were obviously larger than those of the latter.
引文
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[17] 朱轶明,班显秀,刘小东,等.辽宁一次暴雨天气过程的多普勒雷达层状云降水回波特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(1):55-61.
[18] 张磊.一次局地强冰雹的多普勒雷达回波特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2013,7(4):26-30.
[19] 李茜,王咏青,张邵辉,等.一次致雹强风暴的多普勒雷达特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2012,35(3):1-9.
[20] 曾勇,杨莲梅.南疆西部一次暴雨强对流过程的中尺度特征分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):475-484.
[21] 周淑贞.气象学与气候学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997:150-151.
[22] 姚叶青,俞小鼎,郝莹,等.两次强龙卷过程的环境背景场和多普勒雷达资料的对比分析[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(5):483-490.
[23] 朱江山,刘娟,边智,等.一次龙卷生成中风暴单体合并和涡旋特征的雷达观测研究[J].气象,2015,41(2):182-191.
[24] 黄先香,俞小鼎,炎利军,等.广东两次台风龙卷的环境背景和雷达回波对比[J].应用气象学报,2018,29(1):70-83.
[25] BROWNING K A,DONALDSON R J.Airflow and structure of a tornadic storm[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1963,20(6):533-545.
[26] RAY P S,DOVIAK R J,WALKER G B,et al.Dual-doppler observation of a tornadic storm[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1975,14(8):1521-1530.
[27] 魏文秀,赵亚民.中国龙卷风的若干特性[J].气象,1995,21(5):36-40.
[28] 张小玲,杨波,朱文剑,等.2016年6月23日江苏阜宁EF4级龙卷天气分析[J].气象,2016,42(11):1304-1314.
[29] 郑媛媛,朱红芳,方翔,等.强龙卷超级单体风暴特征分析与预警研究[J].高原气象,2009,28(3):617-625.
[30] 丁一汇.中国气象灾害大典:综合卷[M].北京:气象出版社,2008:326-346.
[31] LEMON L R,DOSWELL C A.Severe thunderstorm evolution and mesocyclone structure as related to tornadogenesis[J].Monthly Weather Review,1979,107:1184-1197.
[2] 俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南,等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.
[3] 俞小鼎,郑媛媛,廖玉芳,等.一次伴随强烈龙卷的强降水超级单体风暴研究[J].大气科学,2008,32(3):508-522.
[4] 俞小鼎,周小刚,王明秀,等.雷暴与强对流天气临近预报技术进展[J].气象学报,2012,70(3):1-27.
[5] BROWNING K A,FOOTE G B.Airflow and hail growth in supercell storms and some implications for hail suppression[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1976,102(433):499-533.
[6] SMITH J A,BAECK M L,ZHANG Y,et al.Extreme rainfall and flooding from supercell thunderstorms[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2001,2(5):469-489.
[7] BOSART L F,SEIMON A,LAPENTA K D,et al.Supercell tornadogenesis over complex terrain:the great Barrington,Massachusetts,tornado on 29 May 1995[J].Weather and Forecasting,2006,21(6):897-922.
[8] 俞小鼎,郑媛媛,张爱民,等.安徽一次强烈龙卷的多普勒天气雷达分析[J].高原气象,2006,25(5):914-924.
[9] 陈元昭,俞小鼎,陈训来,等.2015年5月华南一次龙卷过程观测分析[J].应用气象学报,2016,27(3):334-341.
[10] 王宁,王婷婷,张硕,等.东北冷涡背景下一次龙卷过程的观测分析[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(4):463-469.
[11] 尉英华,陈宏,张楠,等.冷涡影响下一次冰雹强对流天气中尺度特征及形成机制[J].干旱气象,2018,36(1):27-33.
[12] 赖珍权,罗静,农孟松,等.2013年春季广西两次不同类型强对流天气过程的对比[J].干旱气象,2017,35(2):260-266.
[13] 唐佳,姚蓉,王晓雷,等.2015年春季湖南两次混合对流天气过程对比分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(2):250-259.
[14] 敖泽建.甘南高原“4.15”冰雹天气的多普勒雷达特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(2):27-33.
[15] 张继东.南疆盆地温宿“6.17”大暴雨多普勒雷达特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(5):10-16.
[16] 张一平,孙景兰,牛淑贞,等.河南区域暴雨的若干雷达回波特征[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(3):25-36.
[17] 朱轶明,班显秀,刘小东,等.辽宁一次暴雨天气过程的多普勒雷达层状云降水回波特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(1):55-61.
[18] 张磊.一次局地强冰雹的多普勒雷达回波特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2013,7(4):26-30.
[19] 李茜,王咏青,张邵辉,等.一次致雹强风暴的多普勒雷达特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2012,35(3):1-9.
[20] 曾勇,杨莲梅.南疆西部一次暴雨强对流过程的中尺度特征分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):475-484.
[21] 周淑贞.气象学与气候学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997:150-151.
[22] 姚叶青,俞小鼎,郝莹,等.两次强龙卷过程的环境背景场和多普勒雷达资料的对比分析[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(5):483-490.
[23] 朱江山,刘娟,边智,等.一次龙卷生成中风暴单体合并和涡旋特征的雷达观测研究[J].气象,2015,41(2):182-191.
[24] 黄先香,俞小鼎,炎利军,等.广东两次台风龙卷的环境背景和雷达回波对比[J].应用气象学报,2018,29(1):70-83.
[25] BROWNING K A,DONALDSON R J.Airflow and structure of a tornadic storm[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1963,20(6):533-545.
[26] RAY P S,DOVIAK R J,WALKER G B,et al.Dual-doppler observation of a tornadic storm[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1975,14(8):1521-1530.
[27] 魏文秀,赵亚民.中国龙卷风的若干特性[J].气象,1995,21(5):36-40.
[28] 张小玲,杨波,朱文剑,等.2016年6月23日江苏阜宁EF4级龙卷天气分析[J].气象,2016,42(11):1304-1314.
[29] 郑媛媛,朱红芳,方翔,等.强龙卷超级单体风暴特征分析与预警研究[J].高原气象,2009,28(3):617-625.
[30] 丁一汇.中国气象灾害大典:综合卷[M].北京:气象出版社,2008:326-346.
[31] LEMON L R,DOSWELL C A.Severe thunderstorm evolution and mesocyclone structure as related to tornadogenesis[J].Monthly Weather Review,1979,107:1184-1197.
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