湖北省旅游扶贫效率时空格局及其影响因素
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摘要
采用Super-SBM模型、均方差分解法以及LS回归模型,探讨2006～2016年湖北省3大片区24个国家级贫困县旅游扶贫效率的时空异质性及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)2006～2016年湖北省旅游扶贫效率呈稳步提升态势,但整体水平仍相对较低,大致呈现出"秦巴山片区>武陵山片区>大别山片区"的空间分异格局,高效率县域位于秦巴山片区与武陵山片区。(2)湖北省旅游扶贫效率总体差异与片区内差异呈敛缩态势,但片区间差异处于离散状态;大别山、武陵山、秦巴山3片区内部差异是造成湖北省旅游扶贫效率差异的主因。(3)从省域整体来看,结构化动力与经济动力对旅游扶贫效率的正向驱动作用表现最为明显;从片区层面来看,秦巴山片区主导因素为经济动力与交通动力,武陵山片区主要受经济动力和结构化动力驱动,而影响大别山片区旅游扶贫效率的主要因素为交通动力与信息化动力。因而不同片区应采取不同的旅游扶贫政策,以扩大旅游发展的益贫与减贫效应,提高旅游扶贫效率。
This paper analyzes the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency and the influencing factors in 24 national-level poverty counties in three contiguous destitute areas of Hubei Province from 2006 to 2016, using Super-SBM model, mean square deviation decomposition method and LS regression model.The results show that:(1) The efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Hubei Province had achieved a steady and rapid growth from 2006 to 2016, but the overall level was still relatively low, which basically presented the spatial differentiation pattern of "Qinba Mountain Area > Wuling Mountain Area > Dabie Mountain Area" and high-effciency counties located in the Qinba Mountain Area and Wuling Mountain Area.(2) The overall difference between the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Hubei Province and the internal differences in the study area tended to be narrow, but the regional difference was in a discrete state. And the internal differences among Dabie Mountain, Wuling Mountain and Qinba Mountain were the main reasons for the differences in the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Hubei Province.(3) From the perspective of Hubei Province as a whole, the positive driving effect of structural and economic dynamics on tourism poverty alleviation efficiency was the most obvious. From the regional perspective, the dominant factors in Qinba Mountain Area are economic power and traffic power, as for the Wuling Mountain Area, the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation was mainly driven by economic power and structural power, and the leading ingredients that affected the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Dabie Mountain Area are traffic dynamics and information power. Therefore, it is suggested that different tourism poverty alleviation policies should be adopted to expand the benefit of poverty alleviation industry in profiting and reducing povertyin different regions, and the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation should be promoted.
This paper analyzes the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency and the influencing factors in 24 national-level poverty counties in three contiguous destitute areas of Hubei Province from 2006 to 2016, using Super-SBM model, mean square deviation decomposition method and LS regression model.The results show that:(1) The efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Hubei Province had achieved a steady and rapid growth from 2006 to 2016, but the overall level was still relatively low, which basically presented the spatial differentiation pattern of "Qinba Mountain Area > Wuling Mountain Area > Dabie Mountain Area" and high-effciency counties located in the Qinba Mountain Area and Wuling Mountain Area.(2) The overall difference between the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Hubei Province and the internal differences in the study area tended to be narrow, but the regional difference was in a discrete state. And the internal differences among Dabie Mountain, Wuling Mountain and Qinba Mountain were the main reasons for the differences in the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Hubei Province.(3) From the perspective of Hubei Province as a whole, the positive driving effect of structural and economic dynamics on tourism poverty alleviation efficiency was the most obvious. From the regional perspective, the dominant factors in Qinba Mountain Area are economic power and traffic power, as for the Wuling Mountain Area, the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation was mainly driven by economic power and structural power, and the leading ingredients that affected the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Dabie Mountain Area are traffic dynamics and information power. Therefore, it is suggested that different tourism poverty alleviation policies should be adopted to expand the benefit of poverty alleviation industry in profiting and reducing povertyin different regions, and the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation should be promoted.
引文
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[19] 孙春雷,张明善.精准扶贫背景下旅游扶贫效率研究——以湖北大别山区为例[J].中国软科学,2018(4):65-73.SUN C L,ZHANG M S.Research on the efficiency of Tourism-aided Poverty alleviation in the context of Accurate Poverty Alleviation—Taking the Dabie Mountain Area of Hubei as an example[J].China Soft Science,2018(4):65-73.
[20] 胡宇娜,梅林,魏建国.基于GWR模型的中国区域旅行社业效率空间分异及动力机制分析[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):107-113.HU Y N,MEI L,WEI J G.Spatial differentiation and dynamic mechanism of regional travel agency efficiency in China based on GWR model[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2018,38(1):107-113.
[21] 龚艳,张阳,唐承财.长江经济带旅游业效率测度及影响因素研究[J].华东经济管理,2016,30(9):66-74.GONG Y,ZHANG Y,TANG C C.A research on the measurement and influential factors of tourism industrial efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone[J].East China Economic Management,2016,30(9):66-74.
[22] 游诗咏,林仲源,韩兆洲.广东省城市旅游效率的时空特征及其增长机制[J].资源科学,2017,39(8):1545-1559.YOU S Y,LIN Z Y,HAN Z Z.Spatial-temporal characteristics and growth mechanism of urban tourism efficiency in Guangdong Province[J].Resources Science,2017,39(8):1545-1559.
[23] 王坤,黄震方,曹芳东,等.泛长江三角洲城市旅游绩效空间格局演变及其影响因素[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(7):1149-1163.WANG K,HUANG Z F,CAO F D,et al.Spatial pattern evolution of urban tourism performance and its influence factors in Pan-Yangtze River Delta[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(7):1149-1163.
[24] 申鹏鹏,周年兴,张允翔,等.基于DEA-Malmquist指数二次分解模型的江苏省旅游产业效率时空演变及影响因素[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(1):53-62.SHEN P P,ZHOU N X,ZHANG Y X,et al.Spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of tourism industry efficiency in Jiangsu Province based on DEA-Malmquist index secondary decomposition model[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(1):53-62.
[25] 曹妍雪,李树民.中国旅游经营效率的空间差异及其驱动因素[J].统计与决策,2018,34(3):99-103.CAO Y X,LI S M.Spatial difference and driving factors of Chinese tourism management efficiency[J].Statistics & Decision,2018,34(3):99-103.
[2] GU L,UNWTO P.China for using tourism to fight poverty[EB/OL].(2015-08-05)[2018-07-16].http://www.ecns.cn/2015/08-05/175833.shtml.
[3] ASHLEY C,BOYD C,GOODWIN H.Pro-poor tourism:Putting poverty at the heart of the tourism agenda[J].Significance,2003,51(51):135-139.
[4] RAMWELL E.Priorities in sustainable tourism research[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2008,16(1):1-5.
[5] CROES R,RIVERA M A.Tourism’s potential to benefit the poor:A social accounting matrix model applied to Ecuador[J].Tourism Economics,2017,23(1):29-48.
[6] MENSAH E A,AMUQUANDOH F E.Poverty reduction through tourism:Residents’ perspectives[J].Journal of Travel and Tourism Research,2010(spring/Fall):77-96.
[7] SOFIELD T,BAUER J,LACY T,et al.Sustainable tourism-eliminating poverty (ST-EP):An Overview.Madrid:World Tourism Organization (WTO),2004.
[8] JORDI G.Pro-poor tourism as a strategy to fight rural poverty:A critique[J].Journal of Agarian Change,2015,15(4):499-518.
[9] ASHLEY C,ROE D,GOODWIN H.Pro-poor tourism strategies:Making tourism work for the poor:A review of experience[M].London:ODI,IIED,CRT,2001:22-23.
[10] ROGERSON C M.Tourism and local economic development:The case of the Highlands Meander[J].Development Southern Africa,2002,19(1):143-167.
[11] 张伟,张建春,魏鸿雁.基于贫困人口发展的旅游扶贫效应评估——以安徽省铜锣寨风景区为例[J].旅游学刊,2005(5):43-49.ZHANG W,ZHANG J C,WEI H Y.Effect evaluation of tourism-based poverty elimination based on the poor’s benefit—An example of Tongluozhai Resorts in Anhui Province[J].Tourism Tribune,2005(5):43-49.
[12] 汪侠,甄峰,沈丽珍,等.基于贫困居民视角的旅游扶贫满意度评价[J].地理研究,2017,36(12):2355-2368.WANG X,ZHEN F,SHEN L Z,et al.Evaluation of poor residents’ satisfaction with tourism poverty alleviation[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(12):2355-2368.
[13] 冯伟林,陶聪冲.西南民族地区旅游扶贫绩效评价研究——以重庆武陵山片区为调查对象[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(6):157-163.FENG W L,TAO C C.The performance evaluation on poverty alleviation through tourism in southwest minority area-taking Chongqing Wulin Mountain Area as an example[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Research and Regional Planning,2017,38(6):157-163.
[14] 龙祖坤,杜倩文,周婷.武陵山区旅游扶贫效率的时间演进与空间分异[J].经济地理,2015,35(10):210-217.LONG Z K,DU Q W,ZHOU T.The evolution of time and space differentiation of Wuling Mountain Area tourism poverty alleviation efficiency[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(10):212,210-217.
[15] 黄渊基.连片特困地区旅游扶贫效率评价及时空分异——以武陵山湖南片区20个县(市、区)为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(11):229-235.HUANG Y J.The efficiency evaluation and spatio-temporal differentiation of tourism poverty alleviation in extremely difficult areas—A case study of 20 counties in Wuling Mountain Area of Hunan Province[J].Economic Geography,2017,37(11):229-235.
[16] 曹妍雪,马蓝.基于三阶段DEA的我国民族地区旅游扶贫效率评价[J].华东经济管理,2017,31(9):91-97.CAO Y X,MA L.Evaluation on the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in China’s ethnic regions based on the Three-stage DEA[J].East China Economic Management,2017,31(9):91-97.
[17] 江燕玲,潘卓,潘美含.重庆市乡村旅游运营效率评价与空间战略分异研究[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2181-2191.JIANG Y L,PAN Z,PAN M H.Spatial variation and strategic pattern optimization of operation efficiency of rural tourism in Chongqing[J].Resources Science,2016,38(11):2181-2191.
[18] 汪德根,陈田.中国旅游经济区域差异的空间分析[J].地理科学,2011,31(5):528-536.WANG D G,CHEN T.Spatial analysis for regional difference of tourism economy in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(5):528-536.
[19] 孙春雷,张明善.精准扶贫背景下旅游扶贫效率研究——以湖北大别山区为例[J].中国软科学,2018(4):65-73.SUN C L,ZHANG M S.Research on the efficiency of Tourism-aided Poverty alleviation in the context of Accurate Poverty Alleviation—Taking the Dabie Mountain Area of Hubei as an example[J].China Soft Science,2018(4):65-73.
[20] 胡宇娜,梅林,魏建国.基于GWR模型的中国区域旅行社业效率空间分异及动力机制分析[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):107-113.HU Y N,MEI L,WEI J G.Spatial differentiation and dynamic mechanism of regional travel agency efficiency in China based on GWR model[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2018,38(1):107-113.
[21] 龚艳,张阳,唐承财.长江经济带旅游业效率测度及影响因素研究[J].华东经济管理,2016,30(9):66-74.GONG Y,ZHANG Y,TANG C C.A research on the measurement and influential factors of tourism industrial efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone[J].East China Economic Management,2016,30(9):66-74.
[22] 游诗咏,林仲源,韩兆洲.广东省城市旅游效率的时空特征及其增长机制[J].资源科学,2017,39(8):1545-1559.YOU S Y,LIN Z Y,HAN Z Z.Spatial-temporal characteristics and growth mechanism of urban tourism efficiency in Guangdong Province[J].Resources Science,2017,39(8):1545-1559.
[23] 王坤,黄震方,曹芳东,等.泛长江三角洲城市旅游绩效空间格局演变及其影响因素[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(7):1149-1163.WANG K,HUANG Z F,CAO F D,et al.Spatial pattern evolution of urban tourism performance and its influence factors in Pan-Yangtze River Delta[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(7):1149-1163.
[24] 申鹏鹏,周年兴,张允翔,等.基于DEA-Malmquist指数二次分解模型的江苏省旅游产业效率时空演变及影响因素[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(1):53-62.SHEN P P,ZHOU N X,ZHANG Y X,et al.Spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of tourism industry efficiency in Jiangsu Province based on DEA-Malmquist index secondary decomposition model[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(1):53-62.
[25] 曹妍雪,李树民.中国旅游经营效率的空间差异及其驱动因素[J].统计与决策,2018,34(3):99-103.CAO Y X,LI S M.Spatial difference and driving factors of Chinese tourism management efficiency[J].Statistics & Decision,2018,34(3):99-103.
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