阿哈水库沉积物-水界面重金属扩散通量
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摘要
为了解阿哈水库水体中重金属的污染现状,选取了4个典型点位进行夏、冬两季采样分析,研究了上覆水体及沉积物孔隙水中Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cr及Pb 7种重金属的时空分布规律及其界面扩散通量。结果表明:阿哈水库上覆水体中溶解性重金属的均值含量符合我国《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅰ类标准与《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006),未受到重金属污染。夏季分层期,底层水缺氧导致水体As、Co、Cr含量增高,而冬季混合期重金属的垂向变化较小。沉积物孔隙水中重金属浓度均值高于上覆水,且Co与Ni、As呈显著正相关,其在水库中的迁移转化过程受铁锰循环的共同影响; Cu、Zn与Pb存在正相关关系,具有相似的污染来源。分析沉积物-水界面重金属扩散通量显示,Zn保持负扩散,表明沉积物对Zn具有很好的净化吸附效果;而Co、Ni、As、Pb保持正扩散,特别是夏季As的扩散通量达2.07μg·cm~(-2)·a~(-1),对上覆水体可能产生较大的释放风险。研究证实,近十年来阿哈水库水体重金属的污染控制取得了显著的效果。
Distribution characteristics and interfacial diffusion fluxes of seven heavy metals( Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cr,and Pb) were examined in the overlying water and sediment porewater from four sampling sites from Aha Reservoir in summer and winter,to understand the pollution status of dissolved heavy metals in the water body. Results showed that the average concentrations of dissolved heavy metals in the overlying water from Aha reservoir were lower than the standard of Grade I of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water( GB 3838-2002) and the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water( GB 5749-2006) in China. Concentrations of As,Co and Cr in the bottom water increased during the anoxic period in summer,and the vertical changes of all heavy metals during the mixed season in winter were not significant. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in pore water were significantly higher than that in overlying water. There were significant positive correlations among Co,Ni and As,indicating their migration and transformation processes being affected by the iron-manganese cycle in Aha Reservoir. Concentrations of Cu,Zn and Pb had a positive correlation with the same pollution source. Results from the analysis of the diffusion fluxes of heavy metals at the sediment-water interface( SWI) showed that Zn remained negative diffusion,which indicated that sediment had a good adsorption effect on Zn. Co,Ni,As and Pb showed positive values at the SWI. The concentration of As reached 2.07 μg·cm~(-2)·a~(-1) in summer,which may impose a greater release risk on the overlying water. Our results demonstrated that the pollution control of heavy metals had achieved remarkable results in the past decade in Aha Reservoir.
Distribution characteristics and interfacial diffusion fluxes of seven heavy metals( Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cr,and Pb) were examined in the overlying water and sediment porewater from four sampling sites from Aha Reservoir in summer and winter,to understand the pollution status of dissolved heavy metals in the water body. Results showed that the average concentrations of dissolved heavy metals in the overlying water from Aha reservoir were lower than the standard of Grade I of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water( GB 3838-2002) and the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water( GB 5749-2006) in China. Concentrations of As,Co and Cr in the bottom water increased during the anoxic period in summer,and the vertical changes of all heavy metals during the mixed season in winter were not significant. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in pore water were significantly higher than that in overlying water. There were significant positive correlations among Co,Ni and As,indicating their migration and transformation processes being affected by the iron-manganese cycle in Aha Reservoir. Concentrations of Cu,Zn and Pb had a positive correlation with the same pollution source. Results from the analysis of the diffusion fluxes of heavy metals at the sediment-water interface( SWI) showed that Zn remained negative diffusion,which indicated that sediment had a good adsorption effect on Zn. Co,Ni,As and Pb showed positive values at the SWI. The concentration of As reached 2.07 μg·cm~(-2)·a~(-1) in summer,which may impose a greater release risk on the overlying water. Our results demonstrated that the pollution control of heavy metals had achieved remarkable results in the past decade in Aha Reservoir.
引文
白薇扬,冯新斌,何天容,等.2011.阿哈水库沉积物总汞及甲基汞分布特征.生态学杂志,30(5):976-980.
白玉华,尤晓光,张岩.2010.废弃煤矿对贵阳水源地的污染及治理措施.北京工业大学学报,36(7):977-980.
陈敬安,王敬富,于佳,等.2017.西南地区水库生态环境特征与研究展望.地球与环境,45(2):115-125.
陈佑德.2001.贵阳阿哈水库及流域水污染现状原因和综合治理分析.贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,19(3):11-14.
范英宏,林春野,何孟常,等.2007.利用DGT高分辨率研究沉积物孔隙水中重金属的浓度和释放通量.环境科学,28(12):2750-2757.
方斌斌,于洋,姜伟立,等.2017.太湖流域水体和沉积物重金属时空分布特征及潜在生态风险评价.生态与农村环境学报,33(3):215-224.
蒋因梅,詹苏,程宁生.2004.阿哈水库浮游植物与富营养化.环保科技,10(2):41-45.
康亭,宋柳霆,郑晓笛,等.2018.阿哈湖和红枫湖沉积物铁锰循环及重金属垂向分布特征.生态学杂志,37(3):751-762.
李宝,丁士明,范成新,等.2008.滇池福保湾沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散通量估算.环境化学,27(6):800-804.
梁莉莉,刘丛强,王中良,等.2008.喀斯特高原湖泊生物地球化学过程中的锌同位素特征.岩石矿物学杂志,27(4):326-334.
刘恩峰,沈吉,王建军,等.2010.南四湖表层沉积物重金属的赋存形态及底部界面扩散通量的估算.环境化学,29(5):870-874.
刘总堂,李春海,章钢娅.2010.运用主成分分析法研究云南湖库水体中重金属分布.环境科学研究,23(4):459-466.
罗光俊,何天容,安艳玲.2014.贵阳市两湖一库不同季节硫酸盐还原菌分布变化.湖泊科学,26(1):101-106.
罗宜富,李磊,李秋华,等.2017.阿哈水库叶绿素a时空分布特征及其与藻类、环境因子的关系.环境科学,38(10):4151-4159.
马英军,万国江.1999.湖泊沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散作用及其水质影响研究.环境科学,(2):7-11.
申锐莉,鲍征宇,周更,等.2007.洞庭湖湿地水相中重金属的地球化学评价.人民长江,38(11):121-123.
宋柳霆,王中良,滕彦国,等.2012.贵州阿哈湖物质循环过程的微量元素地球化学初步研究.地球与环境,40(1):9-17.
田林锋,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,等.2011a.重金属元素在贵州红枫湖水体中的分布特征.中国环境科学,31(3):481-489.
田林锋,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,等.2011b.基于统计的百花湖表层水中重金属分布特征.环境科学研究,24(3):259-267.
涂汉,吴攀,韩志伟,等.2016.贵州草海上覆水与沉积物中砷的分布特征及扩散通量估算.农业环境科学学报,35(5):963-968.
万国江,胡其乐,曹龙,等.2001.资源开发-环境灾害-地球化学---以贵州阿哈湖铁、锰污染为例.地学前缘,8(2):353-358.
汪福顺,刘丛强,灌瑾,等.2009.贵州阿哈水库沉积物中重金属二次污染的趋势分析.长江流域资源与环境,18(4):379.
王敬富,陈敬安,孙清清,等.2018.底泥疏浚对阿哈水库内源污染的影响.环境工程,(3):79-82.
吴蕾,刘桂建,周春财,等.2018.巢湖水体可溶态重金属时空分布及污染评价.环境科学,39(2):738-747.
夏品华,李秋华,张明时.2011.贵州高原“两湖一库”富营养化防治途径探讨.环境监测管理与技术,23(6):73-76.
徐毓荣,徐钟际.1999.水温分层型水库铁,锰垂直分布特征.湖泊科学,11(2):117-122.
徐中义,陈敬安,张阳,等.2014.阿哈水库沉积物重金属形态分布及生态风险评价.西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,39(3):71-76.
原盛广,张文婧,郑蓓.2014.北京市沙河水库沉积物重金属分布特征及扩散通量估算.安全与环境学报,1(2):244-249.
张大文,张莉,何俊海,等.2015.鄱阳湖溶解态重金属空间分布格局及风险评估.生态学报,35(24):8028-8035.
Blasco J,Saenz V,Gomez-Parra A.2000.Heavy metal fluxes at the sediment-water interface of three coastal ecosystems from south-west of the Iberian Peninsula.Science of the Total Environment,247:189-199.
Boyle J.2001.Redox remobilization and the heavy metal record in lake sediments:A modelling approach.Journal of Paleolimnology,26:423-431.
Chen M,Ding S,Zhang L,et al.2017.An investigation of the effects of elevated phosphorus in water on the release of heavy metals in sediments at a high resolution.Science of the Total Environment,575:330-337.
Domingos RF,Gélabert A,Carreira S,et al.2015.Metals in the aquatic environment-interactions and implications for the speciation and bioavailability:A critical overview.Aquatic Geochemistry,21:231-257.
Eggleton J,Thomas KV.2004.A review of factors affecting the release and bioavailability of contaminants during sediment disturbance events.Environment International,30:973-980.
Lei P,Zhang H,Shan B,et al.2016.Distribution,diffusive fluxes,and toxicity of heavy metals and PAHs in pore water profiles from the northern bays of Taihu Lake.Environmental Science&Pollution Research,23:1-12.
Li G,Liu G,Zhou C,et al.2012.Spatial distribution and multiple sources of heavy metals in the water of Chaohu Lake,Anhui,China.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,184:2763-2773.
Li SY,Xu ZF,Cheng XL,et al.2008.Dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the Danjiangkou Reservoir,China.Environmental Geology,55:977-983.
Lopez DL,Gierlowski-Kordesch E,Hollenkamp C.2010.Geochemical mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in a lake affected by acid mine drainage:Lake Hope,Vinton County,Ohio.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,213:27-45.
Stankovic S,Kalaba P,Stankovic AR.2014.Biota as toxic metal indicators.Environmental Chemistry Letters,12:63-84.
Tang W,Zhang H,Zhang W,et al.2015.Dynamics of heavy metals and phosphorus in the pore water of estuarine sediments following agricultural intensification in Chao Lake Valley.Environmental Science&Pollution Research,22:7948-7953.
Tao Y,Yuan Z,Wei M,et al.2012.Characterization of heavy metals in water and sediments in Taihu Lake,China.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,184:4367-4382.
Ullman WJ,Sandstrom MW.1987.Dissolved nutrient fluxes from the nearshore sediments of bowling green bay,central Great-Barrier-Reef Lagoon(Australia).Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,24:289-303.
Urban NR,Dinkel C,Wehrli B.1997.Solute transfer across the sediment surface of a eutrophic lake:I.Porewater profiles from dialysis samplers.Aquatic Sciences,59:1-25.
Zhang C,Yu ZG,Zeng GM,et al.2014.Effects of sediment geochemical properties on heavy metal bioavailability.Environment International,73:270-281.
Zhu X,Shan B,Tang W,et al.2016.Distributions,fluxes,and toxicities of heavy metals in sediment pore water from tributaries of the Ziya River system,northern China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23:5516-5526.
白玉华,尤晓光,张岩.2010.废弃煤矿对贵阳水源地的污染及治理措施.北京工业大学学报,36(7):977-980.
陈敬安,王敬富,于佳,等.2017.西南地区水库生态环境特征与研究展望.地球与环境,45(2):115-125.
陈佑德.2001.贵阳阿哈水库及流域水污染现状原因和综合治理分析.贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,19(3):11-14.
范英宏,林春野,何孟常,等.2007.利用DGT高分辨率研究沉积物孔隙水中重金属的浓度和释放通量.环境科学,28(12):2750-2757.
方斌斌,于洋,姜伟立,等.2017.太湖流域水体和沉积物重金属时空分布特征及潜在生态风险评价.生态与农村环境学报,33(3):215-224.
蒋因梅,詹苏,程宁生.2004.阿哈水库浮游植物与富营养化.环保科技,10(2):41-45.
康亭,宋柳霆,郑晓笛,等.2018.阿哈湖和红枫湖沉积物铁锰循环及重金属垂向分布特征.生态学杂志,37(3):751-762.
李宝,丁士明,范成新,等.2008.滇池福保湾沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散通量估算.环境化学,27(6):800-804.
梁莉莉,刘丛强,王中良,等.2008.喀斯特高原湖泊生物地球化学过程中的锌同位素特征.岩石矿物学杂志,27(4):326-334.
刘恩峰,沈吉,王建军,等.2010.南四湖表层沉积物重金属的赋存形态及底部界面扩散通量的估算.环境化学,29(5):870-874.
刘总堂,李春海,章钢娅.2010.运用主成分分析法研究云南湖库水体中重金属分布.环境科学研究,23(4):459-466.
罗光俊,何天容,安艳玲.2014.贵阳市两湖一库不同季节硫酸盐还原菌分布变化.湖泊科学,26(1):101-106.
罗宜富,李磊,李秋华,等.2017.阿哈水库叶绿素a时空分布特征及其与藻类、环境因子的关系.环境科学,38(10):4151-4159.
马英军,万国江.1999.湖泊沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散作用及其水质影响研究.环境科学,(2):7-11.
申锐莉,鲍征宇,周更,等.2007.洞庭湖湿地水相中重金属的地球化学评价.人民长江,38(11):121-123.
宋柳霆,王中良,滕彦国,等.2012.贵州阿哈湖物质循环过程的微量元素地球化学初步研究.地球与环境,40(1):9-17.
田林锋,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,等.2011a.重金属元素在贵州红枫湖水体中的分布特征.中国环境科学,31(3):481-489.
田林锋,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,等.2011b.基于统计的百花湖表层水中重金属分布特征.环境科学研究,24(3):259-267.
涂汉,吴攀,韩志伟,等.2016.贵州草海上覆水与沉积物中砷的分布特征及扩散通量估算.农业环境科学学报,35(5):963-968.
万国江,胡其乐,曹龙,等.2001.资源开发-环境灾害-地球化学---以贵州阿哈湖铁、锰污染为例.地学前缘,8(2):353-358.
汪福顺,刘丛强,灌瑾,等.2009.贵州阿哈水库沉积物中重金属二次污染的趋势分析.长江流域资源与环境,18(4):379.
王敬富,陈敬安,孙清清,等.2018.底泥疏浚对阿哈水库内源污染的影响.环境工程,(3):79-82.
吴蕾,刘桂建,周春财,等.2018.巢湖水体可溶态重金属时空分布及污染评价.环境科学,39(2):738-747.
夏品华,李秋华,张明时.2011.贵州高原“两湖一库”富营养化防治途径探讨.环境监测管理与技术,23(6):73-76.
徐毓荣,徐钟际.1999.水温分层型水库铁,锰垂直分布特征.湖泊科学,11(2):117-122.
徐中义,陈敬安,张阳,等.2014.阿哈水库沉积物重金属形态分布及生态风险评价.西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,39(3):71-76.
原盛广,张文婧,郑蓓.2014.北京市沙河水库沉积物重金属分布特征及扩散通量估算.安全与环境学报,1(2):244-249.
张大文,张莉,何俊海,等.2015.鄱阳湖溶解态重金属空间分布格局及风险评估.生态学报,35(24):8028-8035.
Blasco J,Saenz V,Gomez-Parra A.2000.Heavy metal fluxes at the sediment-water interface of three coastal ecosystems from south-west of the Iberian Peninsula.Science of the Total Environment,247:189-199.
Boyle J.2001.Redox remobilization and the heavy metal record in lake sediments:A modelling approach.Journal of Paleolimnology,26:423-431.
Chen M,Ding S,Zhang L,et al.2017.An investigation of the effects of elevated phosphorus in water on the release of heavy metals in sediments at a high resolution.Science of the Total Environment,575:330-337.
Domingos RF,Gélabert A,Carreira S,et al.2015.Metals in the aquatic environment-interactions and implications for the speciation and bioavailability:A critical overview.Aquatic Geochemistry,21:231-257.
Eggleton J,Thomas KV.2004.A review of factors affecting the release and bioavailability of contaminants during sediment disturbance events.Environment International,30:973-980.
Lei P,Zhang H,Shan B,et al.2016.Distribution,diffusive fluxes,and toxicity of heavy metals and PAHs in pore water profiles from the northern bays of Taihu Lake.Environmental Science&Pollution Research,23:1-12.
Li G,Liu G,Zhou C,et al.2012.Spatial distribution and multiple sources of heavy metals in the water of Chaohu Lake,Anhui,China.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,184:2763-2773.
Li SY,Xu ZF,Cheng XL,et al.2008.Dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the Danjiangkou Reservoir,China.Environmental Geology,55:977-983.
Lopez DL,Gierlowski-Kordesch E,Hollenkamp C.2010.Geochemical mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in a lake affected by acid mine drainage:Lake Hope,Vinton County,Ohio.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,213:27-45.
Stankovic S,Kalaba P,Stankovic AR.2014.Biota as toxic metal indicators.Environmental Chemistry Letters,12:63-84.
Tang W,Zhang H,Zhang W,et al.2015.Dynamics of heavy metals and phosphorus in the pore water of estuarine sediments following agricultural intensification in Chao Lake Valley.Environmental Science&Pollution Research,22:7948-7953.
Tao Y,Yuan Z,Wei M,et al.2012.Characterization of heavy metals in water and sediments in Taihu Lake,China.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,184:4367-4382.
Ullman WJ,Sandstrom MW.1987.Dissolved nutrient fluxes from the nearshore sediments of bowling green bay,central Great-Barrier-Reef Lagoon(Australia).Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,24:289-303.
Urban NR,Dinkel C,Wehrli B.1997.Solute transfer across the sediment surface of a eutrophic lake:I.Porewater profiles from dialysis samplers.Aquatic Sciences,59:1-25.
Zhang C,Yu ZG,Zeng GM,et al.2014.Effects of sediment geochemical properties on heavy metal bioavailability.Environment International,73:270-281.
Zhu X,Shan B,Tang W,et al.2016.Distributions,fluxes,and toxicities of heavy metals in sediment pore water from tributaries of the Ziya River system,northern China.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23:5516-5526.
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