寒旱环境盐胁迫条件下两种草本植物的根系力学特性研究
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摘要
选取适宜于西宁盆地及其周边地区生长的2种优势草本植物垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)和细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum(Linn.) Gaertn.)作为试验供试种,通过室内种植培育方式,采用浓度梯度分别为50 mmol/L、100 mmol/L、150 mmol/L、200 mmol/L的Na_2SO_4溶液对2种植物进行盐胁迫处理。在盐胁迫试验处理后的第15 d、30 d和45 d,分别测定2种植物单根抗拉力和单根抗拉强度。结果表明:相同盐胁迫浓度时,2种植物单根抗拉力随生长期增长而逐渐增大,单根抗拉强度随生长期增加而逐渐降低;相同生长期,2种植物单根抗拉力随着胁迫液浓度由0 mmol/L增加至200 mmol/L时,表现为逐渐减小趋势;进一步研究表明,在相同胁迫浓度和相同生长期条件下,细茎冰草单根抗拉力和单根抗拉强度分别较垂穗披碱草高0.008～0.025 N和9.646～72.807 MPa;2种草本植物单根抗拉力与根径之间呈指数函数关系;2种草本单根抗拉强度分别随根径的增加而逐渐减小,且均与根径呈幂函数关系。研究成果对于进一步探讨寒旱环境盐胁迫条件下,草本植物根系力学强度特征及其变化规律具有重要理论价值,同时对于有效防治研究区水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害的发生具有实际指导意义。
Two species(Elymus nutans Griseb. and Agropyron trachycaulum(Linn.) Gaertn.) which are adaptive to the climate of the Xining Basin and the surrounding areas were taken as the test species. Through interior cultivation method,salt stress test was applied to the two species by Na_2SO_4 solution with the concentration gradients of 50 mmol/L,100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L and 200 mmol/L. After being given salt stress treatment,on the 15~(th) day,30~(th) day and 45~(th) day,the single root tensile resistance and single root tensile strength of the two species were measured respectively. The test result exhibits: under the same salt stress,as the growth period increased,the tensile resistance of single root of two herbs gradually increased too,while the tensile strength of single root decreased gradually; with the same growth period,as the Na_2SO_4 concentrations increased from 0 mmol/L to 200 mmol/L,the tensile resistance of single root of two herbs gradually decreased; furthermore,at the same salt stress and the same growth period,the single root tensile resistance and tensile trength of Agropyron trachycaulum was 0.008-0.025 N and 9.646-72.807 MPa,which are higher than those of Elymus nutans Griseb.; the relationship between single tensile resistance and root diameter of 2 herbs was exponential function; the tensile strengths of single root for 2 herbs decreased with the increasing of root diameter,and both had power function relationship with root diameter. This study has theoretical value in further exploring characteristics and variation law of mechanical properties of herbaceous roots under salt stress in cold and arid environment. Besides,the study has practical significance in preventing and controlling geological disasters in the study area,such as soil erosion,shallow landslide.
Two species(Elymus nutans Griseb. and Agropyron trachycaulum(Linn.) Gaertn.) which are adaptive to the climate of the Xining Basin and the surrounding areas were taken as the test species. Through interior cultivation method,salt stress test was applied to the two species by Na_2SO_4 solution with the concentration gradients of 50 mmol/L,100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L and 200 mmol/L. After being given salt stress treatment,on the 15~(th) day,30~(th) day and 45~(th) day,the single root tensile resistance and single root tensile strength of the two species were measured respectively. The test result exhibits: under the same salt stress,as the growth period increased,the tensile resistance of single root of two herbs gradually increased too,while the tensile strength of single root decreased gradually; with the same growth period,as the Na_2SO_4 concentrations increased from 0 mmol/L to 200 mmol/L,the tensile resistance of single root of two herbs gradually decreased; furthermore,at the same salt stress and the same growth period,the single root tensile resistance and tensile trength of Agropyron trachycaulum was 0.008-0.025 N and 9.646-72.807 MPa,which are higher than those of Elymus nutans Griseb.; the relationship between single tensile resistance and root diameter of 2 herbs was exponential function; the tensile strengths of single root for 2 herbs decreased with the increasing of root diameter,and both had power function relationship with root diameter. This study has theoretical value in further exploring characteristics and variation law of mechanical properties of herbaceous roots under salt stress in cold and arid environment. Besides,the study has practical significance in preventing and controlling geological disasters in the study area,such as soil erosion,shallow landslide.
引文
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[33] 姜有生.青海东部地区盐渍土的分布特征及工程应对措施[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(3):98-101.
[34] 胡夏嵩,毛小青,朱海丽,等.青藏高原植物护坡[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.
[35] 朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.护坡植物根系力学特性与其解剖结构关系[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):40-46.
[36] 朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.青藏高原黄土区护坡灌木植物根系力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S2):3445-3452.
[37] 苏慧,沈秀瑛,程伟燕,等.Na2CO3胁迫对牧草苗期生理特性的影响[J].草业科学,2005,22(6):46-48.
[38] Ning J,Zheng Q,Zou X,et al.Physiological responses of Apocynum venetum to different levels of salt stress[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2010,45(6):689-697.
[39] Zhou H K,Zhao X Q,Wen J,et al.The characteristics of soil and vegetation of degenerated alpine steppe in the Yellow River Source Region[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(5):1-11.
[40] 弋良朋,马健,李彦.盐胁迫对3种荒漠盐生植物苗期根系特征及活力的影响[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(S2):86-94.
[41] 刘昌义,胡夏嵩,赵玉娇,等.寒旱环境草本与灌木植物单根拉伸试验强度特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(1):1-10.
[42] 贺振昭,党生,刘昌义,等.青海湖地区草本植物根系力学特性试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2017,(4):44-48.
[43] 韩立亮,宋桂龙.护坡木本植物根系的力学特性及其与细胞壁成分的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(11):120-127.
[2] 石玉林.《中国1∶100万土地资源图》土地资源数据集[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1991.
[3] 全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[4] 王遵亲.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:85-112.
[5] 张樑.21世纪中国地质灾害防治形势与减灾战略思考[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(2):16-21.
[6] 谢承陶.盐渍土改良原理与作物抗性[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1992,116-177.
[7] 刑国忠,甘玉萍.青海省地质灾害防治工作刍议[J].青海地质,2001,(1):4-8.
[8] 杨丽波.西宁市城市水土保持的进展及今后的工作思路[J].青海科技,2013,(1):19-21.
[9] 孙毅.西宁市黄土滑坡发育特征及稳定性分析[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
[10] 贾亚雄,孙蕾,何峰,等.利用原子吸收光谱法分析盐胁迫对野生披碱草矿质元素吸收和积累的影响[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(12):2984-2988.
[11] 哈玲津,徐智,Yujisakai,等.盐胁迫下4种盐生植物生长及耐盐性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(12):5466-5467.
[12] 朱慧森,方志红,杨桂英,等.不同盐碱化草地披碱草生物量形成及根系对K+、Na+的选择性吸收[J].草地学报,2010,18(3):383-387.
[13] 付江涛,李光莹,虎啸天,等.植物固土护坡效应的研究现状及发展趋势[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(6):1135-1146.
[14] De B S,Poesen J,Reubens B,et al.Root tensile strength and root distribution of typical Mediterranean plant species and their contribution to soil shear strength[J].Plant and Soil,2008,305(1):207-226.
[15] Hui S,Zhang Y W,Liu J,et al.Mechanical characteristics of tensile strength of sympodial bamboo roots[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2013,31(1):65-70.
[16] Li C X,Chen L H,Zhou J,et al.Tensile mechanical properties of single root of Quercus mongolica[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(4):232-235.
[17] 朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.护坡植物根系力学特性与其解剖结构关系[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):40-46.
[18] 李贺鹏,岳春雷,陈友吾,等.浙南山区6种优势乔木植物根系的力学特性研究[J].浙江林业科技,2010,30(3):6-11.
[19] 余芹芹,乔娜,胡夏嵩,等.植物根—土复合体固坡力学效应及模型研究现状与进展[J].中国水土保持,2011,(7):51-55.
[20] 吕春娟,陈丽华,周硕,等.不同乔木根系的抗拉力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(增1):329-335.
[21] 左志严,格日乐,乌仁图雅,等.内蒙古中西部3种乡土植物根系抗拉力学特性的对比研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):52-57.
[22] 栗岳州,付江涛,余冬梅,等.寒旱环境盐生植物根系固土护坡力学效应及其最优含根量探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(07):1370-1383.
[23] 李光莹,付江涛,余冬梅,等.碱胁迫条件下草本植物根系力学强度试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(4):584-596.
[24] 宋恒川,陈丽华,史常青,等.北川3种常用造林树种根系拉伸特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(9):19-22.
[25] Genet M,Stokes A,Fonrcaud T,et al.Soil fixation by tress roots:change in root reinforcement parameters with age in Cryptomeria japonica D.Don.Plantations[M].Disaster Mitigation of Debris Flows,Slope protection and Landslides,2006,535-542.
[26] 陆桂红,欧国强,杨顺,等.泥石流源区典型草本植物根系抗拉试验[J].山地学报,2014,32(6):725-731.
[27] 陈钊,梁新平,侯扶江,等.不同放牧强度下垂穗披碱草遗传多样性分析[J].草业学报,2015,24(8):159-165.
[28] 刘婷娜.不同海拔垂穗披碱草生物学特性及种子产量研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[29] 乔安海,韩建国,巩爱岐,等.氮肥对垂穗披碱草种子产量和质量的影响[J].草地学报,2006,14(1):48-51.
[30] 谢国平,呼天明,王佺珍,等.施N量和收获时间对西藏野生垂穗披碱草种子产量影响研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(2):89-96.
[31] 肖笃志.垂穗披碱草生物—生态学特性的研究[J].中国草原,1984,(4):50-54.
[32] 王柳英,颜红波,周青平,等.高寒山区细茎冰草生物学特性及经济性状的观察[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2004,(03):12-13.
[33] 姜有生.青海东部地区盐渍土的分布特征及工程应对措施[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(3):98-101.
[34] 胡夏嵩,毛小青,朱海丽,等.青藏高原植物护坡[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.
[35] 朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.护坡植物根系力学特性与其解剖结构关系[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):40-46.
[36] 朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.青藏高原黄土区护坡灌木植物根系力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S2):3445-3452.
[37] 苏慧,沈秀瑛,程伟燕,等.Na2CO3胁迫对牧草苗期生理特性的影响[J].草业科学,2005,22(6):46-48.
[38] Ning J,Zheng Q,Zou X,et al.Physiological responses of Apocynum venetum to different levels of salt stress[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2010,45(6):689-697.
[39] Zhou H K,Zhao X Q,Wen J,et al.The characteristics of soil and vegetation of degenerated alpine steppe in the Yellow River Source Region[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(5):1-11.
[40] 弋良朋,马健,李彦.盐胁迫对3种荒漠盐生植物苗期根系特征及活力的影响[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(S2):86-94.
[41] 刘昌义,胡夏嵩,赵玉娇,等.寒旱环境草本与灌木植物单根拉伸试验强度特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(1):1-10.
[42] 贺振昭,党生,刘昌义,等.青海湖地区草本植物根系力学特性试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2017,(4):44-48.
[43] 韩立亮,宋桂龙.护坡木本植物根系的力学特性及其与细胞壁成分的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(11):120-127.
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