长白山树木径向生长对气候因子的响应
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摘要
长白山是我国东北地区树木年轮学研究的热点区域之一,迄今已在学术期刊上发表了大量相关的研究论文.为了弄清当前长白山树木年轮研究的进展,阐明树木径向生长对气候因子的响应规律,本文总结了发表在学术期刊上的有关文献,依据研究的树种、采样点海拔和去趋势方法等,对比分析了不同研究结果的差异及其形成原因.总的来看,长白山树木径向生长受温度和降水的共同作用,且温度的影响更大;树木径向生长-气候关系具有明显的树种和海拔差异.大多数研究支持:针叶树主要受当年生长季前(4—5月)温度和生长季(6—8月)降水的显著影响;阔叶树则主要受当年、上年生长季温度和休眠期(上年11月至次年3月)、当年生长季降水的显著影响;上年9月降水对针、阔叶树种径向生长均有显著作用.同时,许多研究也出现了不同甚至截然相反的研究结果.研究结果差异最大的多出现在低、中海拔,表明在低、中海拔,采样点的选择可能对研究结果有较大影响.另外,年表去趋势方法也是造成研究结果不同的主要原因之一.相比较而言,采用线性或负指数去趋势方法在研究结果中显著增加了降水的作用,尤其是显著增加了休眠期降水对树木生长的影响,同时也显著增强了当前生长季末期(9—10月)温度的作用.本研究表明,采样点的小生境和年表构建时采用的去趋势方法是造成研究结果差异的主要原因,因此,在长白山开展树木年轮学研究,应增加采样点的数量,慎重选择去趋势方法.
Changbai Mountain is one of the hotspots for tree ring research in Northeast China, with a large number of related research results having been published. To clarify the advance of tree ring research in Changbai Mountain and understand the responses of tree radial growth to climate factors, we reviewed the related literature and analyzed the differences among them based on tree species identity, elevation, and detrended methods. The radial growth of trees in Changbai Mountain was generally affected by temperature and precipitation, with greater influence of temperature. The relationship between tree radial growth and climate variables varied across both species and altitudes. Most studies reported that the radial growth of conifers were mainly affected by temperature in early growing season(April-May) and growing season precipitation(June-August). The radial growth of broadleaved trees were mainly affected by the temperature in previous and current growing season, the precipitation in dormancy season(November-March), and the precipitation in the current growing season. The previous September precipitation had significant effects on the radial growth of conifers and broadleaved trees. However, many studies had reported different or even opposite results. Most of the differences in the results of the studies appeared at low and medium altitudes, indicating that the altitudinal location of sampling points had impacts on the results. In addition, the detrended method was also the main cause for the variation of results across different studies. Comparatively, the linear or negative exponential detrended method might increase the effective significance of precipitation, especially the effect of precipitation on tree growth during dormancy period, and also strengthen the effective significance of the temperature at the end of the growing season. This study showed the habitat and the detrended method used in chronology were the main reasons for the difference of results among the studies. Therefore, for tree ring research in Changbai Mountain, the number of sampling sites should be increased and the detrended method should be carefully selected.
Changbai Mountain is one of the hotspots for tree ring research in Northeast China, with a large number of related research results having been published. To clarify the advance of tree ring research in Changbai Mountain and understand the responses of tree radial growth to climate factors, we reviewed the related literature and analyzed the differences among them based on tree species identity, elevation, and detrended methods. The radial growth of trees in Changbai Mountain was generally affected by temperature and precipitation, with greater influence of temperature. The relationship between tree radial growth and climate variables varied across both species and altitudes. Most studies reported that the radial growth of conifers were mainly affected by temperature in early growing season(April-May) and growing season precipitation(June-August). The radial growth of broadleaved trees were mainly affected by the temperature in previous and current growing season, the precipitation in dormancy season(November-March), and the precipitation in the current growing season. The previous September precipitation had significant effects on the radial growth of conifers and broadleaved trees. However, many studies had reported different or even opposite results. Most of the differences in the results of the studies appeared at low and medium altitudes, indicating that the altitudinal location of sampling points had impacts on the results. In addition, the detrended method was also the main cause for the variation of results across different studies. Comparatively, the linear or negative exponential detrended method might increase the effective significance of precipitation, especially the effect of precipitation on tree growth during dormancy period, and also strengthen the effective significance of the temperature at the end of the growing season. This study showed the habitat and the detrended method used in chronology were the main reasons for the difference of results among the studies. Therefore, for tree ring research in Changbai Mountain, the number of sampling sites should be increased and the detrended method should be carefully selected.
引文
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[16] Peng J-F (彭剑峰),Gou X-H (勾晓华),Chen F-H (陈发虎),et al.Characteristics of ring-width chronologies of Picea crassifolia and their responses to climate at di.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2007,27(8):3268-3276 (in Chinese)
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[19] Gao L-S (高露双),Zhao X-H (赵秀海),Wang X-M (王晓明).Correlations between meteorological factors and growth of Pinus Koraiensis after fired.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2009,29(11):5963-5970 (in Chinese)
[20] M?kinen H,N?jd P,Kahle HP,et al.Radial growth variation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in central and northern Europe.Forest Ecology and Management,2002,171:243-259
[21] Wang X,Zhao X,Gao L.Climatic response of Betula ermanii along an altitudinal gradient in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain,China.Dendrobiology,2013,70:99-107
[22] Rubert-Nason KF,Couture JJ,Gryzmala EA,et al.Vernal freeze damage and genetic variation alter tree growth,chemistry,and insect interactions.Plant,Cell & Environment,2017,40:2743-2753
[23] Buckley BM,Wilson RJS,Kelly PE,et al.Inferred summer precipitation for southern Ontario back to AD 610,as reconstructed from ring widths of Thuja occidentalis.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2004,34:2541-2553
[24] Li G-Q (李广起),Bai F (白帆),Sang W-G (桑卫国).Different responses of radial growth to climate warming in Pinus koraiensis and Picea jezoensis var.komarovii at their upper elevational limits in Changbai Mountain,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2011,35(5):500-511 (in Chinese)
[25] Yu J (于健),Xu Q-Q (徐倩倩),Liu W-H (刘文慧),et al.Response of radial growth to climate change for Larix olgensis along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain,Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2016,40(1):24-35 (in Chinese)
[26] Yu D-P (于大炮),Wang S-Z (王顺忠),Tang L-N (唐立娜),et al.Relationship between tree-ring chronology of Larix olgensis in Changbai Mountain sand the climate change.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2005,16(1):14-20 (in Chinese)
[27] Huang M,Wang X,Keenan TF,et al.Drought timing influences the legacy of tree growth recovery.Global Change Biology,2018,24:3546-3559
[28] Bigler C.Trade-offs between growth rate,tree size and lifespan of mountain pine (Pinus montana) in the Swiss National Park.PLoS One,2016,11(3):e0150402
[29] Yu D,Liu J,Benard JL,et al.Spatial variation and temporal instability in the climate-growth relationship of Korean pine in the Changbai Mountain region of Northeast China.Forest Ecology and Management,2013,300:96-105
[30] Chen L (陈力),Yin Y-H (尹云鹤),Zhao D-S (赵东升),et al.Climate response of tree growth along an altitudinal gradient in the Changbai Mountains,Northeast China.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2014,34(6):1568-1574 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhang R-B (张瑞波),Yuan Y-J (袁玉江),Wei W-T (魏文寿),et al.Responses of Qilian junipers radial growth of different ecological environment and detrending method to climate change in Qinghai Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(24):7827-7837 (in Chinese)
[32] Shen C,Wang L,Li M.The altitudinal variability and temporal instability of the climate-tree-ring growth relationships for Changbai larch (Larix olgensis Henry) in the Changbai Mountains Area,Jilin,Northeastern China.Trees-Structure and Function,2016,30:901-912
[33] Qin L (秦莉),Shang H-M (尚华明),Su J-J (苏佳佳),et al.Different detrending method Impact on climate information of Populus euphratica tree-ring chronology from Golmud.Desert and Oasis Meteorology (沙漠与绿洲气象),2016,10(1):54-58 (in Chinese)
[2] Neumann M,Mues V,Moreno A,et al.Climate variability drives recent tree mortality in Europe.Global Change Biology,2017,23:4788-4797
[3] Cao J,Zhao B,Gao L,et al.Increasing temperature sensitivity caused by climate warming,evidence from Northeastern China.Dendrochronologia,2018,51:101-111
[4] Wang S-L (王守乐),Zhao Y (赵媛),Gai X-R (盖学瑞),et al.Response of radial growth of Picea jezoensis var.komarovii to climate factors along an altitudinal gradient on Changbai Mountain,Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2017,36(11):3131-3137 (in Chinese)
[5] Zhou Z-J (周子建),Jiang Y (江源),Dong M-Y (董满宇),et al.Response of the relationship between radial growth and climatic factors to abrupt change of temperature along an altitudinal gradient on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain,Northeast China.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2018,38(13):4668-4676 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhang H-S (张寒松),Han S-J (韩士杰),Li Y-W (李玉文),et al.Reconstruction of temporal variations of precipitation in Changbai Mountains area over past 240 years by using tree-ring width data.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2007,26(12):1924-1929 (in Chinese)
[7] Yang H-X (阳含熙),Xie H-S (谢海生).Study on the reconstruction of disturbance history of (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest in Changbai Mountain.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报),1994,18(3):201-208 (in Chinese)
[8] Hou X-Y (侯向阳).The growth of canopy trees and gap dynamics of the Korean-pine forests.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2000,20(1):68-73 (in Chinese)
[9] Dai L,Jia J,Yu D,et al.Effects of climate change on biomass carbon sequestration in old-growth forest ecosystems on Changbai Mountain in Northeast China.Forest Ecology and Management,2013,300:106-116
[10] Yan S (闫苏),Mu C-C (牟长城),Wang B-W (王伯炜),et al.Carbon storage of natural broadleaved forested marsh wetland ecosystem in temperate Changbai Mountain of northeastern China.Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报),2018,40(8):1-11 (in Chinese)
[11] Yu D,Wang Q,Wang Y,et al.Climatic effects on radial growth of major tree species on Changbai Mountain.Annals of Forest Science,2011,68:921-933
[12] Yu D,Wang Q,Wang GG,et al.Dendroclimatic response of Picea jezoensis along an altitudinal gradient in Changbai Mountains.Science in China,2006,49:150-159
[13] Liu M (刘敏),Mao Z-J (毛子军),Li Y (厉悦),et al.Response of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis in broad-leaved Korean pine forests with different latitudes to climatical factors.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2016,27(5):1341-1352 (in Chinese)
[14] Gao L-S (高露双),Tang J-Y (唐景毅),Liu J-C (柳静臣),et al.Effect of detrending methods on the relationship establishment between chronologies of Picea jezoenssis var.komarovii and climate factors along altitudinal gradient.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报),2014,20(1):128-133 (in Chinese)
[15] Chen L (陈列),Gao L-S (高露双),Zhang Y (张赟),et al.Characteristics of tree-ring chronology of Pinus koraiensis and its relationship with climate factors on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(4):1285-1291 (in Chinese)
[16] Peng J-F (彭剑峰),Gou X-H (勾晓华),Chen F-H (陈发虎),et al.Characteristics of ring-width chronologies of Picea crassifolia and their responses to climate at di.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2007,27(8):3268-3276 (in Chinese)
[17] Wang F,Zhang F,Niu H,et al.Cambial phenology in Juniperus przewalskii along different altitudinal gradients in a cold and arid region.Tree Physiology,2018,38:840-852
[18] Li ZS,Liu GH,Fu BJ,et al.Anomalous temperature-growth response of Abies faxoniana to sustained freezing stress along elevational gradients in China’s Western Sichuan Province.Trees,2012,26:1373-1388
[19] Gao L-S (高露双),Zhao X-H (赵秀海),Wang X-M (王晓明).Correlations between meteorological factors and growth of Pinus Koraiensis after fired.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2009,29(11):5963-5970 (in Chinese)
[20] M?kinen H,N?jd P,Kahle HP,et al.Radial growth variation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in central and northern Europe.Forest Ecology and Management,2002,171:243-259
[21] Wang X,Zhao X,Gao L.Climatic response of Betula ermanii along an altitudinal gradient in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain,China.Dendrobiology,2013,70:99-107
[22] Rubert-Nason KF,Couture JJ,Gryzmala EA,et al.Vernal freeze damage and genetic variation alter tree growth,chemistry,and insect interactions.Plant,Cell & Environment,2017,40:2743-2753
[23] Buckley BM,Wilson RJS,Kelly PE,et al.Inferred summer precipitation for southern Ontario back to AD 610,as reconstructed from ring widths of Thuja occidentalis.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2004,34:2541-2553
[24] Li G-Q (李广起),Bai F (白帆),Sang W-G (桑卫国).Different responses of radial growth to climate warming in Pinus koraiensis and Picea jezoensis var.komarovii at their upper elevational limits in Changbai Mountain,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2011,35(5):500-511 (in Chinese)
[25] Yu J (于健),Xu Q-Q (徐倩倩),Liu W-H (刘文慧),et al.Response of radial growth to climate change for Larix olgensis along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain,Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2016,40(1):24-35 (in Chinese)
[26] Yu D-P (于大炮),Wang S-Z (王顺忠),Tang L-N (唐立娜),et al.Relationship between tree-ring chronology of Larix olgensis in Changbai Mountain sand the climate change.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2005,16(1):14-20 (in Chinese)
[27] Huang M,Wang X,Keenan TF,et al.Drought timing influences the legacy of tree growth recovery.Global Change Biology,2018,24:3546-3559
[28] Bigler C.Trade-offs between growth rate,tree size and lifespan of mountain pine (Pinus montana) in the Swiss National Park.PLoS One,2016,11(3):e0150402
[29] Yu D,Liu J,Benard JL,et al.Spatial variation and temporal instability in the climate-growth relationship of Korean pine in the Changbai Mountain region of Northeast China.Forest Ecology and Management,2013,300:96-105
[30] Chen L (陈力),Yin Y-H (尹云鹤),Zhao D-S (赵东升),et al.Climate response of tree growth along an altitudinal gradient in the Changbai Mountains,Northeast China.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2014,34(6):1568-1574 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhang R-B (张瑞波),Yuan Y-J (袁玉江),Wei W-T (魏文寿),et al.Responses of Qilian junipers radial growth of different ecological environment and detrending method to climate change in Qinghai Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(24):7827-7837 (in Chinese)
[32] Shen C,Wang L,Li M.The altitudinal variability and temporal instability of the climate-tree-ring growth relationships for Changbai larch (Larix olgensis Henry) in the Changbai Mountains Area,Jilin,Northeastern China.Trees-Structure and Function,2016,30:901-912
[33] Qin L (秦莉),Shang H-M (尚华明),Su J-J (苏佳佳),et al.Different detrending method Impact on climate information of Populus euphratica tree-ring chronology from Golmud.Desert and Oasis Meteorology (沙漠与绿洲气象),2016,10(1):54-58 (in Chinese)
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