海床演变对山海关旅游海滩生态修复工程的响应特征
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摘要
针对海滩侵蚀问题展开了包括滩肩补沙和离岸潜堤在内的海滩修复工程.为评估工程效果,采用Delft3D软件建立了山海关海域的泥沙输运和海床演变模型,使用2015年至2016年的实测资料验证模型.基于验证后的数学模型对工程海域泥沙输运与海床演变变化特征进行分析.结果表明:工程引起了近岸区域泥沙浓度的减小,减小幅度随离岸距离的增大而减小.工程建设前工程海域的侵蚀较为严重,工程的建设大大减小了近岸海域的冲刷深度,有效地保护了工程岸段海滩.工程后冲淤变化幅度第1年最大,然后逐年减少.
Aimed at protecting beach from erosion, a restoration project was developed covering beach nourishment and offshore breakwater. For assessment of the project, a model of sediment transport and bed evolution at Shanhaiguan Coast was established based on Delft3 D and validated with field measurements from 2015 to 2016. Then, the model was used to investigate the influence of the restoration project on sediment transport and bed evolution. The results indicate that there is a lower sediment concentration after the restoration project is completed and the reduction of sediment concentration decreases with the increase in offshore distance. There is severe erosion before the restoration project starts and little erosion after the restoration project is completed. Hence, it is proved that the restoration project achieves the goal of beach restoration by reduction of erosion. The change of erosion and deposition after the project is the maximum in the first year, and then decreases year by year.
Aimed at protecting beach from erosion, a restoration project was developed covering beach nourishment and offshore breakwater. For assessment of the project, a model of sediment transport and bed evolution at Shanhaiguan Coast was established based on Delft3 D and validated with field measurements from 2015 to 2016. Then, the model was used to investigate the influence of the restoration project on sediment transport and bed evolution. The results indicate that there is a lower sediment concentration after the restoration project is completed and the reduction of sediment concentration decreases with the increase in offshore distance. There is severe erosion before the restoration project starts and little erosion after the restoration project is completed. Hence, it is proved that the restoration project achieves the goal of beach restoration by reduction of erosion. The change of erosion and deposition after the project is the maximum in the first year, and then decreases year by year.
引文
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[2] HEGGIE T W.Sand hazards on tourist beach[J].Travel Medicine & Infectious Disease,2013,11:123.
[3] ERLANDSON J M.As the world warms:rising seas,coastal archaeology,and the erosion of maritime history[J].Journal of Coastal Conservation,2010,16(2):137.
[4] KARUNARATHNA H,PENDER D,RANASINGHE R,et al.The effects of storm clustering on beach profile variability [J].Marine Geology,2014,348:103.
[5] 李兵,蔡锋,曹立华,等.福建砂质海岸侵蚀原因和防护对策研究[J].台湾海峡,2009,28(2):156.LI Bing,CAI Feng,CAO Lihua,et al.Causes of beach erosion in Fujian and preventions[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2009,28(2):156.
[6] 喻国华,施世宽.江苏省吕四岸滩侵蚀分析及整治措施[J].海洋工程,1985,3(3):32.YU Guohua,SHI Shikuan.Erosion analysis and regulation measures for the beach in Lvsi,Jiangsu province[J].The Ocean Engineering,1985,3(3):26.
[7] MEE L.Between the devil and the deep blue sea:the coastal zone in an era of globalisation[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,96(1):1.
[8] RIJN L C V.Coastal erosion and control[J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2011,54(12):867.
[9] DECONTO R M,POLLARD D.Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise[J].Nature,2016,531(7596):591.
[10] 孙志林,卢美,聂会,等.气候变化对浙江沿海风暴潮的影响[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2014,41(1):90.SUN Zhilin,LU Mei,NIE Hui,et al.Impacts of climatological change on storm surge in Zhejiang coastal water[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2014,41(1):90.
[11] 杨桂山.中国沿海风暴潮灾害的历史变化及未来趋势[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(3):23.YANG Guishan.Historical change and future trends of storm surge disaster in China’s coastal area[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2000,9(3):23.
[12] 戴仕宝.中国流域自然作用和人类活动对(河流)入海泥沙的影响——以长江为重点[D].上海:华东师范大学,2006.DAI Shibao.Impacts of natural processes and human activities on the river sediment flux into sea and its environmental significance,China:with the emphasis on Yangtze River[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2006.
[13] 宋向群,郭子坚,陈士荫.星海湾人工海滨浴场的规划设计研究[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(4):134.SONG Xiangqun,GUO Zijian,CHEN Shiyin.The planning and design of artificial beach in the xinghai bay[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(4):134.
[14] 任杰,曾学智,贾良文.东江下游河段溯源侵蚀特征与机理[J].水科学进展,2010,21(1):84.REN Jie,ZENG Xuezhi,JIA Liangwen.Mechanism study of retrogressive erosion in the lower reach of Dongjiang River[J].Advances in Water Science,2010,21(1):84.
[15] CHIVA L,PAGáN J I,LóPEZ I,et al.The effects of sediment used in beach nourishment:study case el portet de moraira beach[J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,628/629(1):64.
[16] LEONARD L A,DIXON K L,PILKEY O H.A comparison of beach replenishment on the U.S.Atlantic,Pacific and Gulf coasts[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1990,6(6):127.
[17] 吴建,拾兵.近岸补沙养护海滩研究综述[J].海洋科学,2011,35(8):108.WU Jian,SHI Bing.A review of the shoreface nourishment for beach protection[J].Marine Science,2011,35(8):108.
[18] ARAGONéS L,SERRA J C,VILLACAMPA Y,et al.New methodology for describing the equilibrium beach profile applied to the Valencia's beaches[J].Geomorphology,2016,259:1.
[19] 潘毅,匡翠萍,杨燕雄,等.北戴河西海滩养护工程方案研究[J].水运工程,2008(7):23.PAN Yi,KUANG Cuiping,YANG Yanxiong,et al.Study on beach nourishment scheme of west beach in Beidaihe[J].Port & Waterway Engineering,2008(7):23.
[20] KUANG C P,HE L L,GU J,et al.Effects of submerged breakwater on hydrodynamics and shoreline change of the east beach of Beidaihe,Bohai Bay,China[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2014,30(3):598.
[21] 匡翠萍,戚健文,蒋铭韬,等.泥沙输运与海床演变对曹妃甸港口工程的响应特征[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(12):1840.KUANG Cuiping,QI Jianwen,JIANG Mingtao,et al.Responses of sediment transport and bed evolution to Caofeidian harbour project[J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2014,42(12):1840.
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