不同复垦措施下铁尾矿的土壤颗粒多重分形特征
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摘要
在铁尾矿复垦区,运用多重分形理论研究不同复垦措施的土壤多重分形特征,有助于表征重构土壤特征,并进而为分析重构土壤的性质奠定基础。以山西省运城市垣曲县国泰矿业有限公司泉子沟的铁尾矿为研究对象,对坡面5种复垦措施样地的表土层土壤粒径分布进行多重分形参数分析,并探讨了其与土壤性质和土壤抗蚀性的关系。结果表明:(1)铁尾矿复垦样地重构土壤粒径分布均具有明显的多重分形特征,且不同复垦措施间多重分形参数特征差异明显。与砂土基质相比,砂菌基质和裸尾矿基质的粒径分布集中程度D(1)和D(1)/D(0)较低,谱宽△ɑ琢较大,其质地非均匀性程度较高;与油松紫穗槐模式相比,刺槐连翘模式的集中程度D(1)和D(1)/D(0)在砂土基质中较高,在砂菌基质中没有明显差异;但在质地非均匀程度方面,油松紫穗槐模式高于刺槐连翘模式;裸尾矿基质与其余样地相比,粒径分布的集中程度D(1)和D(1)/D(0)较低,质地非均匀程度较高,但对称度△f与砂土基质差异不大;砂菌基质的粒径分布对称度△f最高,砂土基质和裸尾矿次之。(2)铁尾矿复垦样地粒径分布对称度△f与抗蚀性、饱和持水率、有机碳和全氮含量呈显著正相关;D(1)、D(1)/D(0)和△ɑ琢与抗蚀性和土壤性质的关系不显著。该研究结果可为铁尾矿复垦土壤重构和水土保持提供科学依据。
The multi-fractal characteristics of soils with different reclamation measures were investigated by using the multi-fractal theory in the reclamation area of iron tailings. This research would help to characterize the reconstructed soil properties and lay the foundation for the analysis of the properties of the reconstructed soil. We discussed the relationship between soil properties and soil anti-erodibility. The results showed that soil particle size distribution in the reconstructed land of iron tailings had obvious multi-fractal characteristics, and the characteristics of multi-fractal parameters were different among reclamation measures. D(1) and D(1)/D(0) of the particle size distribution in the sand ×mushroom substrate and the bare tailings substrate were lower while the spectral width (△ɑ) was larger than that in the sand×soil substrate, indicating the higher of texture non-uniformity degree. The degree of concentration D(1)and D(1)/D(0) of the Robinia pseudoacacia Linn×Forsythia suspensa model was higher in the sand×soil substrate than that in the Pinus tabulaeformis Carr×Amorpha fruticose Linn model, and there was no significant difference in the sand ×mushroom substrate. However, in the non-uniformity degree of texture, the Pinus tabulaeformis Carr ×Amorpha fruticose Linn model was higher than the Robinia pseudoacacia Linn × Forsythia suspensa model.Compared with the other plots, the bare tailing substrate had lower concentration distribution D(1) and D(1)/D(0), and the texture was more non-uniform. There was no significant difference in the symmetry(△f) between the sand×soil substrate and the bare tailing substrate. The particle size distribution of the sand×mushroom substrate had the highest symmetry(△f), followed by that of the sand×soil substrate and that of bare tailing. The symmetry(△f) of the particle size distribution in the reclamation plot of iron tailings was significantly positively correlated with the anti-erodibility,saturated water holding capacity, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents. D(1), D(1)/D(0) and △ɑ were not significantly correlated with anti-erodibility and soil properties. The results would provide a scientific basis for reclaimed soil reconstruction and soil and water conservation in iron tailings.
The multi-fractal characteristics of soils with different reclamation measures were investigated by using the multi-fractal theory in the reclamation area of iron tailings. This research would help to characterize the reconstructed soil properties and lay the foundation for the analysis of the properties of the reconstructed soil. We discussed the relationship between soil properties and soil anti-erodibility. The results showed that soil particle size distribution in the reconstructed land of iron tailings had obvious multi-fractal characteristics, and the characteristics of multi-fractal parameters were different among reclamation measures. D(1) and D(1)/D(0) of the particle size distribution in the sand ×mushroom substrate and the bare tailings substrate were lower while the spectral width (△ɑ) was larger than that in the sand×soil substrate, indicating the higher of texture non-uniformity degree. The degree of concentration D(1)and D(1)/D(0) of the Robinia pseudoacacia Linn×Forsythia suspensa model was higher in the sand×soil substrate than that in the Pinus tabulaeformis Carr×Amorpha fruticose Linn model, and there was no significant difference in the sand ×mushroom substrate. However, in the non-uniformity degree of texture, the Pinus tabulaeformis Carr ×Amorpha fruticose Linn model was higher than the Robinia pseudoacacia Linn × Forsythia suspensa model.Compared with the other plots, the bare tailing substrate had lower concentration distribution D(1) and D(1)/D(0), and the texture was more non-uniform. There was no significant difference in the symmetry(△f) between the sand×soil substrate and the bare tailing substrate. The particle size distribution of the sand×mushroom substrate had the highest symmetry(△f), followed by that of the sand×soil substrate and that of bare tailing. The symmetry(△f) of the particle size distribution in the reclamation plot of iron tailings was significantly positively correlated with the anti-erodibility,saturated water holding capacity, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents. D(1), D(1)/D(0) and △ɑ were not significantly correlated with anti-erodibility and soil properties. The results would provide a scientific basis for reclaimed soil reconstruction and soil and water conservation in iron tailings.
引文
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[11]闵祥宇,李新举,李奇超.机械压实对复垦土壤粒径分布多重分形特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):274-283.
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[13]谢贤健,李永飞.不同巨桉林下紫色土壤抗蚀性与土壤因子的耦合关系分析[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):97-102.
[14]黄义端,田积莹,雍绍萍.土壤内在性质对侵蚀影响的研究[J].水土保持学报,1989,3(3):9-14.
[15]方学敏,万兆惠,徐永年.土壤抗蚀性研究现状综述[J].泥沙研究,1997,(2):88-92.
[16]吕春娟,白中科,陈卫国,等.黄土区大型排土场植被根系的抗蚀抗冲性研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):35-38,143.
[17]SUN CL,GUOBIN,L,XUE S.Response of soil multifractal charac teristics and erodibility to 15-year fertilization on cropland in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2017,63(7):956-968.
[18]WANG JINMAN,ZHANG MENG,BAI ZHONGKE,et al.Multi-fractal characteristics of reconstructed soil particles and the relationship between soil properties and multi-fractal parameters in an opencast coal-mine dump in a loess area[J].Environmental Earth Science,2015,73(8):4749-4762.
[19]程东娟,张亚丽.土壤物理实验指导[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[21]MESKINI-VISHKAEE F,DAVATGAR N.Evaluation of different predi ctormodelsfordetailedsoilparticle-sizedistribution[J].Pedosphere,2018,28(1):157-164.
[22]蔡永明,张科利,李双才.不同粒径制间土壤质地资料的转换问题研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):511-517.
[23]SHANG SH.Downscaling crop water sensitivity index using monotone piecewise cubic interpolation[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(5):662-667.
[24]何正风.MATLAB在数学方面的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.
[25]XIAO L,XUE S,LIU GB,et al.Fractal features of soil profiles under different land use patterns on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2014,6(5):550-560.
[26]管孝艳,杨培岭,吕烨.基于多重分形的土壤粒径分布与土壤物理特性关系[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(3):44-50.
[27]周虎,李保国,吕贻忠,等.不同耕作措施下土壤孔隙的多重分形特征[J].土壤学报,2010,47(6):1094-1100.
[28]ZICHENG ZHENG,SHUQIN HE,TINGXUAN LI.Fractal dimens ions of soil structure and soil anti-erodibility under different land use patterns[J].African Journal of Agriculture Research,2011,24(6):5496-5504.
[29]谢贤健,韦方强.泥石流频发区不同盖度草地土壤颗粒的分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):202-206.
[30]陶俊,何丙辉,李天阳,等.三峡库区4种不同草本植物根际土壤的颗粒分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):35-40.
[2]陈颖,李晨光,徐学华,等.铁尾矿废弃地火炬树林水土保持功能[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):106-111.
[3]邓文,江登榜,杨波,等.我国铁尾矿综合利用现状和存在的问题[J].现代矿业,2012,27(9):1-3.
[4]李玉凤,包景岭,张锦瑞.铁尾矿资源开发利用现状分析[J].中国矿业,2015,24(11):77-81,121.
[5]郭凌俐,王金满,白中科,等.黄土区露天煤矿排土场复垦初期土壤颗粒组成空间变异分析[J].中国矿业,2015,24(2):52-59.
[6]吕圣桥,高鹏,耿广坡,等.黄河三角洲滩地土壤颗粒分形特征及其与土壤有机质的关系[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):134-138.
[7]TYLER S W,WHEATCRAF SW.Fractal Scaling of soil particle-size distributions-analysis and limitations[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(2):362-369.
[8]MONTERO E.Rényi dimensions analysis of soil particle-size distribut ions[J].Ecological Modelling,2004,182(3-4):305-315.
[9]张佳瑞,王金满,祝宇成,等.分形理论在土壤学应用中的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):221-228.
[10]孙纪杰,李新举,李海燕,等.蘑菇废料施用对煤矿区复垦土壤颗粒组成的影响[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):487-492.
[11]闵祥宇,李新举,李奇超.机械压实对复垦土壤粒径分布多重分形特征的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):274-283.
[12]王金满,张萌,白中科,等.黄土区露天煤矿排土场重构土壤颗粒组成的多重分形特征[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):230-238.
[13]谢贤健,李永飞.不同巨桉林下紫色土壤抗蚀性与土壤因子的耦合关系分析[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):97-102.
[14]黄义端,田积莹,雍绍萍.土壤内在性质对侵蚀影响的研究[J].水土保持学报,1989,3(3):9-14.
[15]方学敏,万兆惠,徐永年.土壤抗蚀性研究现状综述[J].泥沙研究,1997,(2):88-92.
[16]吕春娟,白中科,陈卫国,等.黄土区大型排土场植被根系的抗蚀抗冲性研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):35-38,143.
[17]SUN CL,GUOBIN,L,XUE S.Response of soil multifractal charac teristics and erodibility to 15-year fertilization on cropland in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2017,63(7):956-968.
[18]WANG JINMAN,ZHANG MENG,BAI ZHONGKE,et al.Multi-fractal characteristics of reconstructed soil particles and the relationship between soil properties and multi-fractal parameters in an opencast coal-mine dump in a loess area[J].Environmental Earth Science,2015,73(8):4749-4762.
[19]程东娟,张亚丽.土壤物理实验指导[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[21]MESKINI-VISHKAEE F,DAVATGAR N.Evaluation of different predi ctormodelsfordetailedsoilparticle-sizedistribution[J].Pedosphere,2018,28(1):157-164.
[22]蔡永明,张科利,李双才.不同粒径制间土壤质地资料的转换问题研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):511-517.
[23]SHANG SH.Downscaling crop water sensitivity index using monotone piecewise cubic interpolation[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(5):662-667.
[24]何正风.MATLAB在数学方面的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.
[25]XIAO L,XUE S,LIU GB,et al.Fractal features of soil profiles under different land use patterns on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2014,6(5):550-560.
[26]管孝艳,杨培岭,吕烨.基于多重分形的土壤粒径分布与土壤物理特性关系[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(3):44-50.
[27]周虎,李保国,吕贻忠,等.不同耕作措施下土壤孔隙的多重分形特征[J].土壤学报,2010,47(6):1094-1100.
[28]ZICHENG ZHENG,SHUQIN HE,TINGXUAN LI.Fractal dimens ions of soil structure and soil anti-erodibility under different land use patterns[J].African Journal of Agriculture Research,2011,24(6):5496-5504.
[29]谢贤健,韦方强.泥石流频发区不同盖度草地土壤颗粒的分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):202-206.
[30]陶俊,何丙辉,李天阳,等.三峡库区4种不同草本植物根际土壤的颗粒分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):35-40.
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