胶体磷在3种类型土壤中的迁移阻滞
|
摘要
农田中磷素的流失是水体富营养化的重要原因之一,而胶体又是磷素从土壤向河流等水体转移的重要形式,因此,阻止胶体磷从土壤向水体流失对控制水体富营养化至关重要。本研究通过动态土柱法测定胶体磷在水稻土、菜地土与茶园土中的阻滞系数,从而研究不同质地土壤对胶体磷流失的影响,并通过向土壤中加入不同量(0%、0.05%和0.1%)的聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide, PAM)研究其对胶体磷的阻控效果。结果表明:在未施加PAM的对照组中,砂粒含量最高的菜地土对胶体磷的阻滞效果最小,阻滞系数只有6.397,而砂粒含量最少的稻田土对胶体磷的阻控效果最佳,阻滞系数为9.915;实验组与对照组相比,在菜地土、茶园土和稻田土3种供试土壤中分别施加0.05%和0.1%的PAM后,土壤对胶体磷的阻滞系数分别增大了58.3%、46.8%、26.5%和87.7%、67.1%、60.4%。这表明PAM可以显著增加土壤对胶体磷的阻滞系数,具有显著的胶体磷阻控效果。
Loss of phosphorus in farmland is an important cause of eutrophication in water environment, and colloids are an important form of phosphorus transported from soils to rivers and other water bodies. Therefore, it is very important to control the loss of colloidal phosphorus in soil. In this study, a dynamic soil column method was used to determine the retardation coefficient of colloidal phosphorus migration in paddy soil, vegetable soil and tea soil, and the control effect of colloidal phosphorus migration was studied by applying different levels(0%, 0.05% and 0.1%) of polyacrylamide(PAM). The results showed that in the control group without PAM,vegetable soil with the highest sand content had the lowest retarding effect against colloidal phosphorus migration, and the retardation coefficient(Rd) was 6.397; and the control effect of paddy soil with the smallest sand content against colloidal phosphorus migration was optimal(R_d=9.915). Compared with the control group,after applying 0.05% and 0.1% PAM in the three tested soils(vegetable soil, tea soil, paddy soil), the retardation coefficient of soil colloidal phosphorus increased by 58.3%, 46.8%, 26.5% and 87.7%, 67.1%, 60.4%, respectively,indicating that the application of PAM can significantly increase the control effect of soil against colloidal phosphorus migration and reduce the risk of colloidal phosphorus loss.
Loss of phosphorus in farmland is an important cause of eutrophication in water environment, and colloids are an important form of phosphorus transported from soils to rivers and other water bodies. Therefore, it is very important to control the loss of colloidal phosphorus in soil. In this study, a dynamic soil column method was used to determine the retardation coefficient of colloidal phosphorus migration in paddy soil, vegetable soil and tea soil, and the control effect of colloidal phosphorus migration was studied by applying different levels(0%, 0.05% and 0.1%) of polyacrylamide(PAM). The results showed that in the control group without PAM,vegetable soil with the highest sand content had the lowest retarding effect against colloidal phosphorus migration, and the retardation coefficient(Rd) was 6.397; and the control effect of paddy soil with the smallest sand content against colloidal phosphorus migration was optimal(R_d=9.915). Compared with the control group,after applying 0.05% and 0.1% PAM in the three tested soils(vegetable soil, tea soil, paddy soil), the retardation coefficient of soil colloidal phosphorus increased by 58.3%, 46.8%, 26.5% and 87.7%, 67.1%, 60.4%, respectively,indicating that the application of PAM can significantly increase the control effect of soil against colloidal phosphorus migration and reduce the risk of colloidal phosphorus loss.
引文
[1] SCHINDLER D W, HECKY R E, FINDLAY D L, et al.Eutrophication of lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input:results of a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 2008,105(32):11254-11258.
[2] HEATHWAITE A L, HAYGARTH P, MATTHEWS R A, et al. Evaluating colloidal phosphorus delivery to surface waters from diffuse agricultural sources. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005,34(1):287-298.
[3]王青海,郑军芳,贾海红,等.阻滞系数及其测试方法分析.辐射防护,2008,28(4):215-220.WANG Q H, ZHENG J F, JIA H H, et al. Retardation factor and its test method analyses. Radiation Protection, 2008,28(4):215-220.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] SOJKA R E, BJORNEBERG D L, ENTRY J A, et al.Polyacrylamide in agriculture and environmental land management. Advances in Agronomy, 2007,92:75-162.
[5] ENTRY J A, SOJKA R, WATWOOD M, et al.Polyacrylamide preparations for protection of water quality threatened by agricultural runoff contaminants. Environmental Pollution, 2002,120(2):191-200.
[6] LENTZ R, SOJKA R, FOERSTER J. Estimating polyacrylamide concentration in irrigation water. Journal of Environment Quality, 1996,25(5):1015-1024.
[7] PETERSEN A L, THOMPSON A M, BAXTER C A, et al. A new polyacrylamide(PAM)formulation for reducing erosion and phosphorus loss in rainfed agriculture.Transactions of the ASABE, 2007,50(6):2091-2101.
[8]陈渠昌,雷廷武,李瑞平.PAM对坡地降雨径流入渗和水力侵蚀的影响研究.水利学报,2006,37(11):1290-1296.CHEN Q C, LEI T W, LI R P. The impacts of PAM on runoff/infiltration and water erosion from slope lands.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 37(11):1290-1296.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]滕玲玲,罗在波,江韬,等.聚丙烯酰胺对紫色土中磷素吸附特征的影响.生态环境,2008,17(1):388-392.TENG L L, LUO Z B, JIANG T, et al. Effect of polyacrylamide on phosphorus adsorption in purple soil.Ecology and Environment, 2008,17(1):388-392.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]SOJKA R E, LENTZ R D. Reducing furrow irrigation erosion with polyacrylamide(PAM). Journal of Production Agriculture, 1997,10(1):47-52.
[11]MURPHY J, RILEY J P. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters.Analytica Chimica Acta, 1962,27:31-36.
[12]ILG K, SIEMENS J, KAUPENJOHANN M. Colloidal and dissolved phosphorus in sandy soils as affected by phosphorus saturation. Journal of Environmental Quality,2005,34(3):926-935.
[13]李合莲,陈家军,张俊丽.阻滞系数的确定方法及其应用.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,21(2):103-106.LI H L, CHEN J J, ZHANG J L. Determination and application of retardation factor. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2002,21(2):103-106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]SOJKA R E, BJORNEBERG D L, ENTRY J A, et al.Polyacrylamide in agriculture and environmental land management. Advances in Agronomy, 2007,92:75-162.
[15]LIANG X Q, LIU Z W, LIU J, et al. Soil colloidal P release potentials under various polyacrylamide addition levels.Land Degradation&Development, 2017,28(7):2245-2254.
[16]于健,雷廷武,张俊生,等.PAM特性对砂壤土入渗及土壤侵蚀的影响.土壤学报,2011,48(1):21-27.YU J, LEI T W, ZHANG J S, et al. Effects of molecular weight and degree of hydrolysis of PAM on infiltration and erosion of sandy soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2011,48(1):21-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] HEATHWAITE A L, HAYGARTH P, MATTHEWS R A, et al. Evaluating colloidal phosphorus delivery to surface waters from diffuse agricultural sources. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005,34(1):287-298.
[3]王青海,郑军芳,贾海红,等.阻滞系数及其测试方法分析.辐射防护,2008,28(4):215-220.WANG Q H, ZHENG J F, JIA H H, et al. Retardation factor and its test method analyses. Radiation Protection, 2008,28(4):215-220.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] SOJKA R E, BJORNEBERG D L, ENTRY J A, et al.Polyacrylamide in agriculture and environmental land management. Advances in Agronomy, 2007,92:75-162.
[5] ENTRY J A, SOJKA R, WATWOOD M, et al.Polyacrylamide preparations for protection of water quality threatened by agricultural runoff contaminants. Environmental Pollution, 2002,120(2):191-200.
[6] LENTZ R, SOJKA R, FOERSTER J. Estimating polyacrylamide concentration in irrigation water. Journal of Environment Quality, 1996,25(5):1015-1024.
[7] PETERSEN A L, THOMPSON A M, BAXTER C A, et al. A new polyacrylamide(PAM)formulation for reducing erosion and phosphorus loss in rainfed agriculture.Transactions of the ASABE, 2007,50(6):2091-2101.
[8]陈渠昌,雷廷武,李瑞平.PAM对坡地降雨径流入渗和水力侵蚀的影响研究.水利学报,2006,37(11):1290-1296.CHEN Q C, LEI T W, LI R P. The impacts of PAM on runoff/infiltration and water erosion from slope lands.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 37(11):1290-1296.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]滕玲玲,罗在波,江韬,等.聚丙烯酰胺对紫色土中磷素吸附特征的影响.生态环境,2008,17(1):388-392.TENG L L, LUO Z B, JIANG T, et al. Effect of polyacrylamide on phosphorus adsorption in purple soil.Ecology and Environment, 2008,17(1):388-392.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]SOJKA R E, LENTZ R D. Reducing furrow irrigation erosion with polyacrylamide(PAM). Journal of Production Agriculture, 1997,10(1):47-52.
[11]MURPHY J, RILEY J P. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters.Analytica Chimica Acta, 1962,27:31-36.
[12]ILG K, SIEMENS J, KAUPENJOHANN M. Colloidal and dissolved phosphorus in sandy soils as affected by phosphorus saturation. Journal of Environmental Quality,2005,34(3):926-935.
[13]李合莲,陈家军,张俊丽.阻滞系数的确定方法及其应用.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,21(2):103-106.LI H L, CHEN J J, ZHANG J L. Determination and application of retardation factor. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2002,21(2):103-106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]SOJKA R E, BJORNEBERG D L, ENTRY J A, et al.Polyacrylamide in agriculture and environmental land management. Advances in Agronomy, 2007,92:75-162.
[15]LIANG X Q, LIU Z W, LIU J, et al. Soil colloidal P release potentials under various polyacrylamide addition levels.Land Degradation&Development, 2017,28(7):2245-2254.
[16]于健,雷廷武,张俊生,等.PAM特性对砂壤土入渗及土壤侵蚀的影响.土壤学报,2011,48(1):21-27.YU J, LEI T W, ZHANG J S, et al. Effects of molecular weight and degree of hydrolysis of PAM on infiltration and erosion of sandy soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2011,48(1):21-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |