废塑料再生企业排污河道沉积物酞酸酯污染特征与生态风险评价
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摘要
为研究酞酸酯(PAEs)的环境行为及其生态风险,特选择有近30年废塑料处理历史的莱州市沙河镇珍珠河流域为研究对象,采集了26个0～10 cm表层沉积物样品与8个10～30 cm底层沉积物样品,采用GC-MS测试了被USEPA列为优先控制污染物的6种PAEs含量,分析其污染水平、空间分布、表层与底层沉积物中PAEs含量差异并进行生态风险评价.结果表明,表层沉积物中酞酸酯总含量(∑_6PAEs)范围为nd～39.36 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为10.42 mg·kg~(-1);DEHP含量范围为nd～35.90 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为9.46 mg·kg~(-1),占∑_6PAEs的90.8%.底层沉积物中酞酸酯总含量(∑_6PAEs)范围为nd～97.11 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为21.64 mg·kg~(-1);DEHP含量范围为nd～93.9 mg·kg~(-1),平均含量为20.4 mg·kg~(-1),占∑_6PAEs的94.1%.底层沉积物中DEHP与DnOP的贡献率较表层高,但表层沉积物中各类PAEs及∑_6PAEs含量高于底层沉积物.在空间特征上,PAEs与废塑料处理产业集中区域密切相关,同时显示出与河道动力学相关的不均衡性.生态风险评价显示,该地PAEs污染具有较大的不可接受的生态风险.
In order to study the environmental behavior and ecological risk of phthalate esters(PAEs), the Zhenzhu River Basin of Shahe Town, Laizhou City, which has nearly 30 years history of the wasted plastic processing and recycling, was chosen as research area. A total of 26 samples were collected from surface sediment at a depth of 0～10 cm and 8 samples were collected from bottom sediment at a depth of 10～30 cm. All were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the content of 6 phthalate esters(PAEs) classified by USEPA as the priority pollutants. The pollution level, the spatial distribution, difference of content in surface sediment and bottom sediment were studied to evaluate the ecological risk. Results show that the total concentration of phthalate esters(∑_6PAEs) in the surface layer ranged from nd to 39.36 mg·kg~(-1), with an average content of 10.42 mg·kg~(-1); the DEHP ranged from nd to 35.90 mg·kg~(-1), with an average content of 9.46 mg·kg~(-1), accounting for 90.8% of ∑_6PAEs. The ∑_6PAEs in the bottom layer ranged from nd to 97.11 mg·kg~(-1), with an average content of 21.64 mg·kg~(-1); DEHP ranged from nd to 93.9 mg·kg~(-1), with an average content of 20.4 mg·kg~(-1), accounting for 94.1% of ∑_6PAEs. The contribution of DEHP and DnOP in the bottom sediment is higher than that in the surface layer. In general, the concentration of 6 individual PAEs and ∑_6PAEs in the surface sediment is higher than bottom sediment. In terms of spatial characteristics, PAEs are closely related to the centralized area of the wasted plastic processing and recycling industry, indicating that PAEs pollution has space limitation which was impacted by river dynamics. The ecological risk assessment shows that this area has a large unacceptable ecological risk.
In order to study the environmental behavior and ecological risk of phthalate esters(PAEs), the Zhenzhu River Basin of Shahe Town, Laizhou City, which has nearly 30 years history of the wasted plastic processing and recycling, was chosen as research area. A total of 26 samples were collected from surface sediment at a depth of 0～10 cm and 8 samples were collected from bottom sediment at a depth of 10～30 cm. All were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the content of 6 phthalate esters(PAEs) classified by USEPA as the priority pollutants. The pollution level, the spatial distribution, difference of content in surface sediment and bottom sediment were studied to evaluate the ecological risk. Results show that the total concentration of phthalate esters(∑_6PAEs) in the surface layer ranged from nd to 39.36 mg·kg~(-1), with an average content of 10.42 mg·kg~(-1); the DEHP ranged from nd to 35.90 mg·kg~(-1), with an average content of 9.46 mg·kg~(-1), accounting for 90.8% of ∑_6PAEs. The ∑_6PAEs in the bottom layer ranged from nd to 97.11 mg·kg~(-1), with an average content of 21.64 mg·kg~(-1); DEHP ranged from nd to 93.9 mg·kg~(-1), with an average content of 20.4 mg·kg~(-1), accounting for 94.1% of ∑_6PAEs. The contribution of DEHP and DnOP in the bottom sediment is higher than that in the surface layer. In general, the concentration of 6 individual PAEs and ∑_6PAEs in the surface sediment is higher than bottom sediment. In terms of spatial characteristics, PAEs are closely related to the centralized area of the wasted plastic processing and recycling industry, indicating that PAEs pollution has space limitation which was impacted by river dynamics. The ecological risk assessment shows that this area has a large unacceptable ecological risk.
引文
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He L,Gielen G,Bolan N S,et al.2015.Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China:A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,35(2):519-534
胡冠九,朱冰清,高占啟,等.2018.太滆运河表层沉积物中的酞酸酯类增塑剂和溴系、有机磷系阻燃剂残留特征初探[J].环境监控与预警,10(4):1-7
胡雄星,韩中豪.2011.苏州河表层沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布特征及风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,26(S1):49-52
贾洪鑫.2010.莱州市塑料再生产业发展浅析[J].再生资源与循环经济,3(4):29-31
Kaewlaoyoong A,Vu C T,Lin C,et al.2018.Occurrence of phthalate esters around the major plastic industrial area in southern Taiwan[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,77(12),DOI:10.1007/s12665-018-7655-4
Li Q,Xu X,Fang Y,et al.2018.The temporal changes of the concentration level of typical toxic organics in the river sediments around Beijing[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering,12(6),DOI:10.1007/s11783-018-1054-7
Li X,Yin P,Zhao L.2016.Phthalate esters in water and surface sediments of the Pearl River Estuary:distribution,ecological,and human health risks[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23(19):19341-19349
李彬,吴山,梁金明,等.2015.中山市农业区域土壤-农产品中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染特征[J].环境科学,36(6):2283-2291
李婷.2014.珠江河口水体和沉积物中6种邻苯二甲酸酯污染及初步风险评价[D].广州:暨南大学.66
林佳露.2017.天然水中邻苯二甲酸酯类检测分析及DEHP光降解研究[D].温州:温州大学.58
刘长.2012.大辽河口典型酚类内分泌干扰物的分布特征和生态风险评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.74
Liu H,Liang H,Liang Y,et al.2010.Distribution of phthalate esters in alluvial sediment:A case study at Jiang Han Plain,Central China[J].Chemosphere,78(4):382-388
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).2017.ECORISK Database Release 4.1.September 2017[OL].2018-10-02.http://www.lanl.gov/environment/protection/eco-risk-assessment.php
马思萍.2017.典型废塑料集散地土壤质量现状调查及综合损益研究[D].南京:南京师范大学.69
Ma T T,Wu L H,Chen L,et al.2015.Phthalate esters contamination in soils and vegetables of plastic film greenhouses of suburb Nanjing,China and the potential human health risk[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(16):12018-12028
Net S,Delmont A,Sempéré R,et al.2015a.Reliable quantification of phthalates in environmental matrices (air,water,sludge,sediment and soil):A review[J].Science of the Total Environment,515-516:162-180
Net S,Sempere R,Delmont A,et al.2015b.Occurrence,fate,behavior and ecotoxicological state of phthalates in different environmental matrices[J].Environmental Science and Technology,49(7):4019-4035
Ramzi A,Gireeshkumar T R,Habeeb Rahman K,et al.2018.Distribution and contamination status of phthalic acid esters in the sediments of a tropical monsoonal estuary,Cochin-India[J].Chemosphere,210:232-238
Selvaraj K K,Sundaramoorthy G,Ravichandran P K,et al.2015.Phthalate esters in water and sediments of the Kaveri River,India:environmental levels and ecotoxicological evaluations[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,37(1):83-96
Sun J,Huang J,Zhang A,et al.2013.Occurrence of phthalate esters in sediments in Qiantang River,China and inference with urbanization and river flow regime[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,248-249:142-149
USEPA.2014.Priority Pollutant List [OL].2018-10-02.https://www.epa.gov/eg/toxic-and-priority-pollutants-under-clean-water-act
USEPA.1996.Method 3545 Pressurized Fluid Extraction(PFE)[OL].2018-12-24.http://www.caslab.com/EPA-Method-3545
USEPA.2018a.Semi volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.method 8270E Rev.6[OL].2018-09-03.https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-04/documents/method_8260d_update_vi_final_03-13-2017_0.pdf
USEPA.2018b.Region 4 Ecological Risk Assessment Supplemental Guidance[OL].2018-10-07.https://www.epa.gov/risk/region-4-risk-assessment-contacts
USEPA.2007.Risk Quotient Method and LOCs- Risks of Metolachlor Use to Federally Listed Endangered Barton Springs Salamander[OL].2018-10-07.https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/technical-overview-ecological-risk-assessment-risk
van Wezel A P,van Vlaardingen P,Posthumus R,et al.2000.Environmental risk limits for two phthalates,with special emphasis on endocrine disruptive properties[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,46(3):305-321
Wang J,Bo L,Li L,et al.2014.Occurrence of phthalate esters in river sediments in areas with different land use patterns[J].Science of the Total Environment,500-501:113-119
Wang J,Luo Y,Teng Y,et al.2013a.Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film[J].Environmental Pollution,180:265-273
Wang X,Lin Q,Wang J,et al.2013b.Effect of wetland reclamation and tillage conversion on accumulation and distribution of phthalate esters residues in soils[J].Ecological Engineering,51:10-15
王昱文,曾甯,柴淼,等.2016a.废旧塑料处置地沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及其生态风险[J].环境科学研究,29(4):558-565
王昱文,柴淼,曾甯,等.2016b.典型废旧塑料处置地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及健康风险[J].环境化学,35(2):364-372
Xia X,Yang L,Bu Q,et al.2011.Levels,distribution,and health risk of phthalate esters in urban soils of Beijing,China[J].Journal of Environment Quality,40(5):1643
杨朝云,杨晓刚.2008.湖泊底泥的监测与评价分析[C].2008年水生态监测与分析学术论坛.沈阳:5
杨奕,马荣林,张固成,等.2016.海口城市水体底泥中重金属含量分布、形态特征及环境质量评价[J].生态科学,35(1):179-188
张学红,张瑞,李兰英,等.2013.邻苯二甲酸酯对雄性生殖系统的影响[J].癌变·畸变·突变,25(4):324-327
赵转军,杨艳艳,王海燕,等.2018.沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的分析方法及污染特征研究进展[J].环境工程技术学报,8(1):39-50
周文敏,傅德黔,孙宗光.1990.水中优先控制污染物黑名单[J].中国环境监测,(4):1-3
朱敏,张弛,康嘉玲,等.2013.邻苯二甲酸酯的毒性及其降解研究[J].环境科学与技术,(S2):443-447
董磊,汤显强,林莉,等.2018.长江武汉段丰水期水体和沉积物中多环芳烃及邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,39(6):2588-2599
He L,Gielen G,Bolan N S,et al.2015.Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China:A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,35(2):519-534
胡冠九,朱冰清,高占啟,等.2018.太滆运河表层沉积物中的酞酸酯类增塑剂和溴系、有机磷系阻燃剂残留特征初探[J].环境监控与预警,10(4):1-7
胡雄星,韩中豪.2011.苏州河表层沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布特征及风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,26(S1):49-52
贾洪鑫.2010.莱州市塑料再生产业发展浅析[J].再生资源与循环经济,3(4):29-31
Kaewlaoyoong A,Vu C T,Lin C,et al.2018.Occurrence of phthalate esters around the major plastic industrial area in southern Taiwan[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,77(12),DOI:10.1007/s12665-018-7655-4
Li Q,Xu X,Fang Y,et al.2018.The temporal changes of the concentration level of typical toxic organics in the river sediments around Beijing[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering,12(6),DOI:10.1007/s11783-018-1054-7
Li X,Yin P,Zhao L.2016.Phthalate esters in water and surface sediments of the Pearl River Estuary:distribution,ecological,and human health risks[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23(19):19341-19349
李彬,吴山,梁金明,等.2015.中山市农业区域土壤-农产品中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染特征[J].环境科学,36(6):2283-2291
李婷.2014.珠江河口水体和沉积物中6种邻苯二甲酸酯污染及初步风险评价[D].广州:暨南大学.66
林佳露.2017.天然水中邻苯二甲酸酯类检测分析及DEHP光降解研究[D].温州:温州大学.58
刘长.2012.大辽河口典型酚类内分泌干扰物的分布特征和生态风险评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.74
Liu H,Liang H,Liang Y,et al.2010.Distribution of phthalate esters in alluvial sediment:A case study at Jiang Han Plain,Central China[J].Chemosphere,78(4):382-388
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).2017.ECORISK Database Release 4.1.September 2017[OL].2018-10-02.http://www.lanl.gov/environment/protection/eco-risk-assessment.php
马思萍.2017.典型废塑料集散地土壤质量现状调查及综合损益研究[D].南京:南京师范大学.69
Ma T T,Wu L H,Chen L,et al.2015.Phthalate esters contamination in soils and vegetables of plastic film greenhouses of suburb Nanjing,China and the potential human health risk[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(16):12018-12028
Net S,Delmont A,Sempéré R,et al.2015a.Reliable quantification of phthalates in environmental matrices (air,water,sludge,sediment and soil):A review[J].Science of the Total Environment,515-516:162-180
Net S,Sempere R,Delmont A,et al.2015b.Occurrence,fate,behavior and ecotoxicological state of phthalates in different environmental matrices[J].Environmental Science and Technology,49(7):4019-4035
Ramzi A,Gireeshkumar T R,Habeeb Rahman K,et al.2018.Distribution and contamination status of phthalic acid esters in the sediments of a tropical monsoonal estuary,Cochin-India[J].Chemosphere,210:232-238
Selvaraj K K,Sundaramoorthy G,Ravichandran P K,et al.2015.Phthalate esters in water and sediments of the Kaveri River,India:environmental levels and ecotoxicological evaluations[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,37(1):83-96
Sun J,Huang J,Zhang A,et al.2013.Occurrence of phthalate esters in sediments in Qiantang River,China and inference with urbanization and river flow regime[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,248-249:142-149
USEPA.2014.Priority Pollutant List [OL].2018-10-02.https://www.epa.gov/eg/toxic-and-priority-pollutants-under-clean-water-act
USEPA.1996.Method 3545 Pressurized Fluid Extraction(PFE)[OL].2018-12-24.http://www.caslab.com/EPA-Method-3545
USEPA.2018a.Semi volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.method 8270E Rev.6[OL].2018-09-03.https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-04/documents/method_8260d_update_vi_final_03-13-2017_0.pdf
USEPA.2018b.Region 4 Ecological Risk Assessment Supplemental Guidance[OL].2018-10-07.https://www.epa.gov/risk/region-4-risk-assessment-contacts
USEPA.2007.Risk Quotient Method and LOCs- Risks of Metolachlor Use to Federally Listed Endangered Barton Springs Salamander[OL].2018-10-07.https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/technical-overview-ecological-risk-assessment-risk
van Wezel A P,van Vlaardingen P,Posthumus R,et al.2000.Environmental risk limits for two phthalates,with special emphasis on endocrine disruptive properties[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,46(3):305-321
Wang J,Bo L,Li L,et al.2014.Occurrence of phthalate esters in river sediments in areas with different land use patterns[J].Science of the Total Environment,500-501:113-119
Wang J,Luo Y,Teng Y,et al.2013a.Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film[J].Environmental Pollution,180:265-273
Wang X,Lin Q,Wang J,et al.2013b.Effect of wetland reclamation and tillage conversion on accumulation and distribution of phthalate esters residues in soils[J].Ecological Engineering,51:10-15
王昱文,曾甯,柴淼,等.2016a.废旧塑料处置地沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及其生态风险[J].环境科学研究,29(4):558-565
王昱文,柴淼,曾甯,等.2016b.典型废旧塑料处置地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及健康风险[J].环境化学,35(2):364-372
Xia X,Yang L,Bu Q,et al.2011.Levels,distribution,and health risk of phthalate esters in urban soils of Beijing,China[J].Journal of Environment Quality,40(5):1643
杨朝云,杨晓刚.2008.湖泊底泥的监测与评价分析[C].2008年水生态监测与分析学术论坛.沈阳:5
杨奕,马荣林,张固成,等.2016.海口城市水体底泥中重金属含量分布、形态特征及环境质量评价[J].生态科学,35(1):179-188
张学红,张瑞,李兰英,等.2013.邻苯二甲酸酯对雄性生殖系统的影响[J].癌变·畸变·突变,25(4):324-327
赵转军,杨艳艳,王海燕,等.2018.沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的分析方法及污染特征研究进展[J].环境工程技术学报,8(1):39-50
周文敏,傅德黔,孙宗光.1990.水中优先控制污染物黑名单[J].中国环境监测,(4):1-3
朱敏,张弛,康嘉玲,等.2013.邻苯二甲酸酯的毒性及其降解研究[J].环境科学与技术,(S2):443-447
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