地铁车站空气污染物影响因素探讨
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摘要
地铁交通系统内空气质量因对乘客健康具有明显影响而逐渐受到了重视,为了准确判断影响地铁交通系统空气污染物的各类因素,以上海市地铁10号线同济大学站为例,利用便携式测量仪器,分析了室外大气空气质量,客流量以及通风条件对地铁站内空气中PM_(2.5),CO_2浓度的影响。结果表明:地铁站空气中PM_(2.5)的浓度受室外大气空气质量的影响较大,室外大气与地铁站空气中PM_(2.5)的浓度具有较强的相关性,二者变化趋势一致;乘客呼吸是导致地铁站空气中CO_2浓度变化的主要原因,CO_2浓度随乘客数量的增加呈上升趋势;地铁站的通风条件显著影响空气的流动情况,通风条件越好,越有利于空气污染物的扩散,从而可有效降低空气中PM_(2.5)和CO_2的浓度水平。
The air quality of the metro transit system has drawn a great deal of attention gradually due to its significant influence on human health. In order to accurately judge the various effect factors on air pollution in metro station,the effect of the outdoor air quality,passenger flow volume and ventilation condition in metro station on concentrations of PM_(2.5) and CO_2 in the air of the metro station were investigated by using portable measuring instruments with Tongji University Station of Shanghai metro line 10 for example. The results showed that: the air quality in outdoor air had a great influence on PM_(2.5) concentration in metro station,and there was a strong correlation,as well as consistent change trend between them; the passengers 'breathing was the main cause for change in CO_2 concentration in the air of the metro and CO_2 concentration also increased along with increase of the passenger volume; the ventilation condition would cause significant impact on the air flow condition in metro station,and the better the ventilation condition is,the more beneficial for diffusion of the air pollutants,thus the concentration level of PM_(2.5) and CO_2 in the air could be effectively lowered.
The air quality of the metro transit system has drawn a great deal of attention gradually due to its significant influence on human health. In order to accurately judge the various effect factors on air pollution in metro station,the effect of the outdoor air quality,passenger flow volume and ventilation condition in metro station on concentrations of PM_(2.5) and CO_2 in the air of the metro station were investigated by using portable measuring instruments with Tongji University Station of Shanghai metro line 10 for example. The results showed that: the air quality in outdoor air had a great influence on PM_(2.5) concentration in metro station,and there was a strong correlation,as well as consistent change trend between them; the passengers 'breathing was the main cause for change in CO_2 concentration in the air of the metro and CO_2 concentration also increased along with increase of the passenger volume; the ventilation condition would cause significant impact on the air flow condition in metro station,and the better the ventilation condition is,the more beneficial for diffusion of the air pollutants,thus the concentration level of PM_(2.5) and CO_2 in the air could be effectively lowered.
引文
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[2] Cheng Y H,Yan J W. Comparisons of particulate matter,CO,and CO2levels in underground and ground-level stations in the Taipei mass rapid transit system[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(28):4882-4891.
[3] Xu B,Hao J. Air quality inside subway metro indoor environment worldwide:a review[J]. Environ Int,2017,107:33-46.
[4] Ozgen S,Ripamonti G,Malandrini A,et al. Particle number and mass exposure concentrations by commuter transport modes in Milan,Italy[J]. AIMS Environmental Science,2016,3(2):168-184.
[5] Raut J C,Chazette P,Fortain A. Link between aerosol optical,microphysical and chemical measurements in an underground railway station in Paris[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(4):860-868.
[6]陈焕新,黄素逸,杨培志.合理控制空调列车车厢内CO2浓度[J].建筑热能通风空调,2001,20(6):32-34.
[7]杨新兴,冯丽华,尉鹏.大气颗粒物PM2. 5及其危害[J].前沿科学,2012(1):22-31.
[8]王庚辰,王普才.中国PM2. 5污染现状及其对人体健康的危害[J].科技导报,2014,32(26):72-78.
[9] Guo L,Hu Y,Hu Q,et al. Characteristics and chemical compositions of particulate matter collected at the selected metro stations of Shanghai,China[J]. Sci Total Environ,2014,496:443-452.
[10]樊越胜,胡泽源,刘亮,等.西安地铁环境中PM10、PM2. 5、CO2污染水平分析[J].环境工程,2014,32(5):120-124.
[11]程刚,臧建彬.地铁系统PM2. 5浓度测试与分析[J].制冷技术,2014(5):13-16.
[12] Li T T,Bai Y H,Liu Z R,et al. Air quality in passenger cars of the ground railway transit system in Beijing,China[J]. Sci Total Environ,2006,367(1):89-95.
[13]李先庭,王欣,李晓锋,等.用示踪气体方法研究通风房间的空气龄[J].暖通空调,2001,31(4):79-81.
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