舟山市大气细颗粒物组分特征及其污染来源解析
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摘要
为研究舟山市大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的主要污染来源,在2016年4月—2017年1月期间利用3个国控点对舟山市PM_(2.5)开展手工监测,并对其主要污染源进行样品采集,基于420个环境样品和13类源样品的化学组分分析,应用CMB-二重源解析技术,对舟山市颗粒物受体成分谱、本地化源成分谱的组分特征和颗粒物的污染来源进行分析。结果表明:普陀点的PM_(2.5)浓度均值低于位于主城区的檀枫点和临城点,3个站点的颗粒物浓度分别为(36. 46±19. 40),(40. 92±20. 68),(40. 03±21. 55)μg/m~3。PM_(2.5)受体中以NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+等二次组分含量最高,二次无机盐和移动源是监测期间舟山市大气PM_(2.5)的主要来源,解析结果具有显著的海岛型城市特征。以船舶源为代表的移动源既是颗粒物的重要一次源,又是二次无机盐生成的主要前体物贡献来源之一,故加强移动源的排放管理对于舟山市的颗粒物污染防治具有重要意义。
In order to identity the main pollution sources of atmospheric fine particles( PM_(2.5)) in Zhoushan,manual monitoring of atmospheric fine particles in Zhoushan was carried out using 3 state monitoring stations during the period from April 2016 to January 2017,and the main pollution sources of particles in Zhoushan were sampled as well. Then according to the chemical composition analysis of 420 ambient samples and 13 source samples,CMB-improved-source-analysis technique was applied for research and analysis of spectrum of particle receptor competent in Zhoushan,composition characteristics of localized source component spectrum and source of the particles. The results showed that: Putuo station had a lower average PM_(2.5) concentration than Tanfeng station and Lincheng station,and the average concentration of PM_(2.5) of the three stations was( 36. 46±19. 40),( 40. 92±20. 68) and( 40. 03±21. 55) μg/m~3,respectively. The secondary components,such as NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-),NH_4~+,were of the highest content in PM_(2.5),the secondary inorganic salts and mobile sources were the most important sources for PM_(2.5),showing the significant characteristics of the main source of atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Zhoushan during the monitoring period,and the analysis result showed significant characteristics of island-type city. The mobile source represented by the ship source was not only an important primary source of particles,but also one of the main precursors contributor for secondary particles' formation,thus strengthening the emission management of mobile sources was of great significance for the prevention and control of particle pollution in Zhoushan.
In order to identity the main pollution sources of atmospheric fine particles( PM_(2.5)) in Zhoushan,manual monitoring of atmospheric fine particles in Zhoushan was carried out using 3 state monitoring stations during the period from April 2016 to January 2017,and the main pollution sources of particles in Zhoushan were sampled as well. Then according to the chemical composition analysis of 420 ambient samples and 13 source samples,CMB-improved-source-analysis technique was applied for research and analysis of spectrum of particle receptor competent in Zhoushan,composition characteristics of localized source component spectrum and source of the particles. The results showed that: Putuo station had a lower average PM_(2.5) concentration than Tanfeng station and Lincheng station,and the average concentration of PM_(2.5) of the three stations was( 36. 46±19. 40),( 40. 92±20. 68) and( 40. 03±21. 55) μg/m~3,respectively. The secondary components,such as NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-),NH_4~+,were of the highest content in PM_(2.5),the secondary inorganic salts and mobile sources were the most important sources for PM_(2.5),showing the significant characteristics of the main source of atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Zhoushan during the monitoring period,and the analysis result showed significant characteristics of island-type city. The mobile source represented by the ship source was not only an important primary source of particles,but also one of the main precursors contributor for secondary particles' formation,thus strengthening the emission management of mobile sources was of great significance for the prevention and control of particle pollution in Zhoushan.
引文
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[31] Tzannatos E. Ship emissions and their externalities for Greece[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(18):2194-2202.
[32] Dlugi R J S L E. The heterogeneous formation of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science,1981,12(3):185-197.
[33]沈建东,焦荔,徐昶,等.杭州市大气细颗粒物分粒径来源解析[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(3):367-373.
[34]吴虹,张彩艳,王静,等.青岛环境空气PM10和PM2. 5污染特征与来源比较[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(6):583-589.
[2] Yao X H,Chan C K,Fang M,et al. The water-soluble ionic composition of PM2. 5in Shanghai and Beijing, China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(26):4223-4234.
[3] Blifford I H,Meeker G O. A factor analysis model of large scale pollution[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1967,1(2):147-157.
[4] Miller M S,Friedlander S K,Hidy G M. A chemical element balance for the Pasadena aerosol[J]. Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,1972,39(1):165-176.
[5]张延君,郑玫,蔡靖,等. PM2. 5源解析方法的比较与评述[J].科学通报,2015,60(2):109-121.
[6] Cesari D,Donateo A,Conte M,et al. Inter-comparison of source apportionment of PM10using PMF and CMB in three sites nearby an industrial area in central Italy[M]. 2016:282-293.
[7]夏鑫嫣.浙江省舟山市产业结构分析[J].北方经济,2013(16):57-59.
[8]舟山市气象局.舟山市2015—2017年天气气候公报[EB/OL].http:∥www.zs121.com.cn/.
[9]尹洧,谭茜.仪器分析在大气颗粒物源解析中的应用[J].现代科学仪器,2014(3):26-34.
[10]中国环境监测总站.环境空气颗粒物源解析监测技术方法(第二版)[EB/OL]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/.2014.
[11] John G Watson J A C J. The effective variance weighting for least squares calculations applied to the mass balance receptor model[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1984,18(7):1347-1355.
[12]朱坦,吴琳,毕晓辉,等.大气颗粒物源解析受体模型优化技术研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(7):865-870.
[13]郭光焕,吴建会.城市扬尘及其来源解析技术[J].城市环境与城市生态,2007,20(4):31-33,41.
[14]冯银厂,白志鹏,朱坦.大气颗粒物二重源解析技术原理与应用[J].环境科学,2002(增刊1):106-108.
[15]陶志华,谢松青,何微娜,等.台州市不同功能区环境空气PM2. 5的污染特征研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2017,44(4):464-471.
[16] Wang Y,Zhuang G,Tang A,et al. The ion chemistry and the source of PM2. 5aerosol in Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(21):3771-3784.
[17] Turpin B J,Huntzicker J J. Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1995,29(23):3527-3544.
[18]林巧莺,陈永山.我国城市冬季PM2. 5空间特征及其人为影响因子[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):460-465.
[19] Louie P K K,Chow J C,Chen L W A,et al. PM2. 5chemical composition in Hong Kong:urban and regional variations[J].Science of The Total Environment,2005,338(3):267-281.
[20]陈刚,刘佳媛,皇甫延琦,等.合肥城区PM10及PM2. 5季节污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):1938-1946.
[21]肖致美,毕晓辉,冯银厂,等.宁波市环境空气中PM10和PM2. 5来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(5):549-555.
[22]陶俊,柴发合,高健,等. 16届亚运会期间广州城区PM2. 5化学组分特征及其对霾天气的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):409-415.
[23] Hsu C, Chiang H, Chen M, et al. Ambient PM2. 5in the residential area near industrial complexes:spatiotemporal variation,source apportionment,and health impact[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2017,590/591:204-214.
[24] Cesari D,Donateo A,Conte M,et al. Inter-comparison of source apportionment of PM10using PMF and CMB in three sites nearby an industrial area in central Italy[J]. Atmospheric Research,2016,182:282-293.
[25]滕加泉,王唯,蒋少杰,等.常州市大气PM2. 5主要排放源的成分谱研究[J].环境科技,2015,28(6):56-59,64.
[26]朱坦,冯银厂.大气颗粒物来源解析原理、技术及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:79-80.
[27]舟山市统计局. 2017舟山市统计年鉴[EB/OL]. 2017. http://www.zstj.net/.
[28]葛琳琳,郑元铸,涂圣锋,等.温州市PM2. 5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源分析[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2017,44(1):112-120.
[29]杨妍妍,李金香,梁云平,等.应用受体模型(CMB)对北京市大气PM2. 5来源的解析研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2693-2700.
[30]黄辉军,刘红年,蒋维楣,等.南京市PM2. 5物理化学特性及来源解析[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):713-722.
[31] Tzannatos E. Ship emissions and their externalities for Greece[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(18):2194-2202.
[32] Dlugi R J S L E. The heterogeneous formation of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science,1981,12(3):185-197.
[33]沈建东,焦荔,徐昶,等.杭州市大气细颗粒物分粒径来源解析[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(3):367-373.
[34]吴虹,张彩艳,王静,等.青岛环境空气PM10和PM2. 5污染特征与来源比较[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(6):583-589.
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