建设项目对文物遗迹综合环境影响的组合赋权方法研究
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摘要
建设项目对文物遗迹的环境影响评价是开展文物环境保护的基础性工作,目前的评价方法难以全面衡量建设项目施工、运营期间各因素对文物的综合环境影响以及建设项目对文物遗迹的影响水平。综合考虑建设项目施工和运营过程中的污染物排放因素,将文物保护单元作为评价受体,通过系统分析影响文物保护单元的主要环境污染因素,构建建设项目影响文物遗迹的概念模型,包括文物本质脆弱性、源特性、暴露特性和文物价值特性等4个层次18个评价指标的文物遗迹综合影响评价指标体系,并基于组合赋权法确定了各指标权重。采用构建的评价指标体系评价甘肃某预制厂建设项目对长城烽火台的综合影响,综合评价指数为4. 160,表明该建设项目将对长城烽火台产生中等程度的影响。
The cultural relics environment impact assessment is the basic work to carry out environmental protection of cultural relics for construction project. At present, it is difficult to fully measure the comprehensive environmental impact of various factors on cultural relics during the construction and operation of construction projects and the impact level of construction projects on cultural relics. Considering the pollution emission factors during construction and operation of construction projects, and taking the cultural relics protection unit as the evaluation acceptor, a conceptual model of the impact of construction projects on cultural relics was constructed.Through systematic analysis of the main environmental pollution factors affecting the cultural protection unit, a comprehensive influence evaluation system was established, including four levels of essential vulnerability, source characteristics, exposure characteristics and cultural relics value characteristics, with 18 indexes, and the weight of each index was determined based on the combination weighting method. The comprehensive influence of a precast plant construction project in Gansu on the Great Wall Beacon Tower was evaluated by the constructed evaluation index system. It showed that comprehensive evaluation index was 4. 160, indicating that the construction project would have a moderate impact on Beacon Tower.
The cultural relics environment impact assessment is the basic work to carry out environmental protection of cultural relics for construction project. At present, it is difficult to fully measure the comprehensive environmental impact of various factors on cultural relics during the construction and operation of construction projects and the impact level of construction projects on cultural relics. Considering the pollution emission factors during construction and operation of construction projects, and taking the cultural relics protection unit as the evaluation acceptor, a conceptual model of the impact of construction projects on cultural relics was constructed.Through systematic analysis of the main environmental pollution factors affecting the cultural protection unit, a comprehensive influence evaluation system was established, including four levels of essential vulnerability, source characteristics, exposure characteristics and cultural relics value characteristics, with 18 indexes, and the weight of each index was determined based on the combination weighting method. The comprehensive influence of a precast plant construction project in Gansu on the Great Wall Beacon Tower was evaluated by the constructed evaluation index system. It showed that comprehensive evaluation index was 4. 160, indicating that the construction project would have a moderate impact on Beacon Tower.
引文
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[17] AYKUT E,DINA D,LOURENCO S. Assessment of wind-driven rain impact related,surface erosion and surface strength reduction of historic building materials[J]. Building and Environment,2012,57:336-348.
[2]吕舟.中国文物古迹保护准则的修订与中国文化遗产保护的发展[J].中国文化遗产,2015(2):4-24.
[3]宋文佳,别治明,王庆丽.文物影响评估初探[J].中原文物,2014(5):122-125.
[4]张明泉,温玲丽,王旭东,等.敦煌莫高窟保护工程施工振动对洞窟文物的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊2):3762-3768.ZHANG M Q,WEN L L,WANG X D,et al. Impact of construction vibration on Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Suppl 2):3762-3768.
[5]王耀峰.地铁振动对博物馆建筑及文物影响研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.
[6]何吉成,徐洪磊,衷平,等.城市轨道交通规划环评中的文物振动影响评价[J].城市交通,2014,12(6):77-81.HE J C,XU H L,ZHONG P,et al. Evaluation of vibration impact on cultural relics during environment impact assessment of urban rail transit planning[J]. Urban Transport of China,2014,12(6):77-81.
[7] CHIARI M,LUCARELLI F,MIGLIORI A,et al. PIXE analysis of PM10-2. 5and PM2. 5with hourly resolution from Michelozzo’s Courtyard in Palazzo Vecchio(Florence,Italy)[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,2006,249(1/2):552-555.
[8] PASQUARELLA C,BALOCCO C,PASQUARIELLO G,et al. A multidisciplinary approach to the study of cultural heritage environments:experience at the Palatina Library in Parma[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,536:557-567.
[9] MILOSLAV M. Effeets on buildings of vibrations caused by traffic[J]. Building Science,1971,6(4):221-246.
[10] PATRICIA E. Effect of traffic vibration on historic buildings[J].Science of the Total Environment,1987,59:37-45.
[11] PAOLO C,DARIO R. Protection of a monumental building against traffic-induced vibrations[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1998,17(5):289-296.
[12] GIUSEPPE F,JAMIE M,von MEDING J. A proposed assessment index for climate change-related risk for cultural heritage protection in Newcastle(Australia)[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,2016,19:235-248.
[13] ATHOS A,DIMITRIOS D A,VASILIKI L,et al. Impact of urban sprawl to cultural heritage monuments:the case study of Paphos area in Cyprus[J]. Journal of Cultural Heritage,2015,16(5):671-680.
[14]狄文莉,常海青.轨道交通项目规划阶段文物影响评估:以西安地铁五号线为例[J].规划师,2015,31(增刊2):276-279.DI W L,CHANG H Q. Study on heritage impact assessment of the rail transportation project in planning phase:Xi'an metro line five example[J]. Planner,2015,31(Suppl 2):276-279.
[15]同帜,曹剑英.文物古迹的环境污染因素及其影响研究[J].纺织高校基础科学学报,2004(3):247-251.TONG Z,CAO J Y. The environmental pollution factors and influencing research of the cultural relics and historic interest[J]. Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities,2004(3):247-251.
[16] PAULA E,ISABEL C. An assessment of the impacts of climate change on Puerto Rico's cultural heritage with a case study on sea-level rise[J]. Journal of Cultural Heritage,2018,32:198-209.
[17] AYKUT E,DINA D,LOURENCO S. Assessment of wind-driven rain impact related,surface erosion and surface strength reduction of historic building materials[J]. Building and Environment,2012,57:336-348.
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